Brown Daily Herald

''The Brown Daily Herald'' is the student newspaper of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island.

Established in 1866 and published daily since 1891, The ''Herald'' is the second-oldest student newspaper among America's college dailies. It is financially and editorially independent of the University, and publishes Monday through Friday during the academic year with additional issues during commencement, summer and orientation.''The Brown Daily Herald'' Online—About the ''Herald''
/ref> The ''Herald'' is managed by a board of trustees comprising two editorial staffers, two business staffers and five ''Herald'' alumni. Many alumni of ''The Brown Daily Herald'' have gone on to careers in journalism, and several have won Pulitzer Prizes.

History

Early years

The ''Herald'' first appeared on Wednesday, December 2, 1891. The first issue was printed during the night and copies were distributed to each door in the dormitories with no preliminary announcement. The secret planning for the paper was actually begun about a month earlier by Ted Baylies (Class of 1895) and George Hunter (Class of 1895), who, as readers of ''The Harvard Crimson'' and ''The Yale Daily News'', were convinced that they could put out a daily newspaper at Brown.

They enlisted the help of John (Class of 1893) and Edward Casey (Class of 1893), who were putting themselves through college in their printing shop at the foot of College Hill. Baylies and Steve Hopkins (Class of 1893) rounded up advertising for the whole year to insure the financial soundness of their proposed venture. Ben Johnson (Class of 1893), H. Anthony Dyer (Class of 1894), and Guy A. Andrews (Class of 1895) were also named to the board of editors. The approval of 8th University President Elisha Benjamin Andrews and other faculty members was obtained before the first issue appeared.

The four-page paper was printed at the Casey shop on a single-cylinder press operated by a wheel, mostly by the labor of the editors after they discovered that the tramp printer they had hired was given to drinking. The price of the paper was two cents a copy or $1.50 per year. The ''Herald'' received a cool reception from the ''Brunonian'', which in 1890 had welcomed the ''Brown Magazine'' as a new literary publication and devoted its own pages to news, but had rejected the idea of daily publication. A Brunonian editorial criticized the appearance of the ''Herald'', and stated:

The ''Herald'' survived and even began to have a social life, holding its first banquet at the Crown Hotel in 1903, and playing the first of a long series of annual baseball games against the ''Brunonian'' in 1907. As a supporter of Charles Evans Hughes 1881 for president in 1916, the ''Herald'' happily and in large print proclaimed his victory on November 8, 1916 before learning that he had actually lost the election.

World War I

The ''Herald'' dropped the word "Daily" in May 1917 when publication was limited to three days a week. In the fall of 1918 the paper became a semi-weekly. On February 1, 1919, daily publication was resumed. During the war, letters from alumni in the service were featured.

1920s

After the war, the paper turned its attention to other matters, printing a green issue for St. Patrick's Day in 1920, and on January 20, 1921, an editorial on the immoral behavior of Brown students and their dates, the "social buds", who came to Brown dances and checked their corsets with the hat-check attendant. The editorial provoked replies and received a whole page of coverage in the ''Boston American''. ''The Literary Supplement of the Brown Daily Herald'', a twelve-page collection of poetry and short pieces of prose, priced at fifteen cents, made two appearances, in April and May 1921, and then disappeared.

For some reason, in December 1921, when the ''Herald'' was celebrating its thirtieth anniversary, the masthead began to include the words, "Founded in 1866, Daily since 1891." The reason for the determination of this date of "founding" is uncertain. Perhaps the ''Herald'' decided to adopt its rival, the ''Brunonian''—with which it had coexisted—as an antecedent. The ''Herald'' would then be able to stretch its life back to 1866, when another ''Brunonian'', this one a rival of the ''Brown Paper'', appeared. On October 19, 1924, a newspaper appeared with the title, ''Brown Daily Drivel'', a single issue printed by students as a travesty of ''The Brown Daily Herald''. In later years, the ''Herald'' issued its own comic papers, often on April Fools' Day, a tradition that continues today.

World War II

In 1933, the ''Herald'' caused a considerable stir by launching an editorial campaign urging students at Brown and at other colleges to sign petitions pledging "not to bear arms except when the country is invaded." An unexpected result was the appointment by the Rhode Island General Assembly of a committee "to investigate the University and to provide penalties for disloyalty to the State and Nation." The response of the students was to raise the number of pledges to 700. The peace drive spread to other colleges and soon an Intercollegiate Disarmament Council was inviting colleges across the country to join the peace movement.

The university administration, while not in favor of the stand, did not interfere, and the legislative committee concluded that there was no need to suppress the movement as there was no evidence of a connection with disloyal organizations outside the University. When a destructive hurricane struck New England on September 21, 1938, during freshman week, eight upperclassmen who were on campus to greet the freshmen managed to get out by candlelight a mimeographed one-page edition of the ''Herald'', followed by a similar two-page issue the next day.

During World War II, ''The Brown Daily Herald'' again suspended publication on January 12, 1943. From March 10 to August 13, 1943 the paper was published weekly and called the ''Brown Herald''. From August 20, 1943 to October 5, 1945 the weekly ''Brown Herald-Record'' replaced the ''Brown Herald'' and the '' Pembroke Record'', and during that time had a woman editor, Audrey Mishel '44. In September 1947, when the ''Herald'' resumed daily publication, it published a magazine called ''Midnight'', a manual of sorts for the ''Herald'' staff. The title came from the paper's deadline.

1950s–1960s

Since September 1947, ''The Brown Daily Herald'' has been published regularly. However, its duration is not as long as its numbering suggests, having been inadvertently extended on January 18, 1959, when the volume number abruptly changed from 68 to 88, an error on which all subsequent numbering has been based. ''The Brown Daily Herald Supplement'' was first published on September 28, 1959. The contents of the first issue were an interesting assortment—a review of ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' (recently reissued in the United States, where it had been banned), photographs of life on South Main Street (identified on the cover as "Slums"), an article on the prospects of the Ivy League season, an article on new chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee, and a cartoon by Jules Feiffer.

''The Supplement'' continued to be a weekly (although not always on the same day of the week) publication until 1963. ''The Brown Herald Review'', containing literary pieces, art, and book reviews, was published eight times during the academic year from October 1963 until January 1966. A hoax issue of the Herald which went wrong was that of December 6, 1965, with its oversized headline, "Pembrokers Get Apartments; Experiment Begins in Spring," and related stories. The next day, Editor-in-Chief M. Charles Bakst '66 and two managing editors resigned, stating that in conceiving the hoax issue they had believed that it "would be humorous in the short-run and conducive in the long run to a more thorough discussion of Pembroke's residential and social system."

In fact, their stories had been taken at face value by some students, faculty, and administration, who were not amused. On March 27, 1964, a similar effort proclaiming "Pembroke No Longer 'Coordinate'; Corporation Makes Brown 'Co-ed and " Keeney Selects Special Committee to Supervise 'Herald had brought forth no more than a cheerful communication to the managing board from President Keeney, probably because of the proximity to April Fools' Day.

1960s–1990s

In 1968, Beverly Hodgson '70 was acclaimed by the press as the "First Woman Editor of Ivy League Daily" (and coincidentally later married the nephew of Audrey Mishel, the woman editor of the ''Herald-Record'' of World War II), and with her managing editor, another woman, Laura Hersh '70, got the ''Herald'' out from its new offices at 195 Angell Street. In 1973, ''The Brown Daily Herald'' Voluntary Publishing Association, which took in outside printing jobs as well as publishing the ''Herald'', was facing financial difficulties after purchasing typesetting equipment.

The solution was the founding of ''Fresh Fruit'', a college-oriented tabloid with distribution to eight college campuses and the potential for generating advertising income. Its first appearance was in ''The Brown Daily Herald'' of February 15, 1973. In February 1975, an editorial staff separate from that of the ''Herald'' took over the publication of ''Fresh Fruit''. The ''Herald'', still in debt after a 1974 operating loss of $10,000, began an alumni subscription drive, filed claims against its creditors, and sought incorporation under the laws of Rhode Island.

With the Commencement issue of 1975, ''The Brown Daily Herald Voluntary Publishing Association'' became ''The Brown Daily Herald, Inc.'' In 1985, the ''Herald'' entered into a contract with the Undergraduate Council of Students, in which UCS agreed to purchase 5,500 subscriptions at five dollars each for every member of the student body, though UCS later cancelled this contract and the ''Herald'' has been free since. A weekend insert called ''Good Clean Fun'' was added in 1986.

In September 1989, a new supplement, intended to be monthly, appeared under the title, ''In Depth''. Editor-in-chief of the ''Herald'' Amy Bach expressed the hope that the new supplement would serve as a forum for the thorough exploration of one topic each month. The first issue was devoted to articles on depression, the second to Providence's neighborhoods. On November 2, 1991, ''The Brown Daily Herald'' held a one-hundredth anniversary celebration, at which William Kovach was the keynote speaker.

Today's ''Herald''

Sections

The ''Herald'' is organized into four sections:

;1. News: The largest section of the newspaper, "News" covers University news—stories directly affecting the Brown community, from student life, to prominent speakers, to administrative changes—metro news—stories central to Providence and its surrounding cities, ranging from Rhode Island state legislation to government-related student protest, including the goings on of local restaurants and shops—and science and research—stories regarding research of both science and humanities professors as well as general science topics and news on campus. The University News, Metro and Science & Research sections were consolidated into the News section under the 126th Editorial Board.

;2. Arts & Culture : With reports and reviews of on-campus plays, films, and art exhibitions and installations, the ''Arts & Culture'' section is a soft news alternative to the typically straightforward and sharp News section. It appears Wednesday and Friday.
;3. Sports: A blend of opinion and match coverage, the ''Sports'' section covers intercollegiate