Boeing E-6 Mercury

The Boeing E-6 Mercury (formerly E-6 Hermes) is an airborne command post and communications relay based on the Boeing 707-300. The original E-6A manufactured by Boeing's defense division entered service with the United States Navy in July 1989, replacing the EC-130Q. This platform, now modified to the E-6B standard, conveys instructions from the National Command Authority to fleet ballistic missile submarines (see communication with submarines), a mission known as TACAMO ("Take Charge And Move Out").

The E-6B model deployed in October 1998 has the ability to remotely control Minuteman ICBMs using the Airborne Launch Control System. The E-6B replaced Air Force EC-135Cs in the '' Looking Glass'' role, providing command and control of U.S. nuclear forces should ground-based control become inoperable. With production lasting until 1991, the E-6 was the final new derivative of the Boeing 707 to be built.

Design and development

Like the E-3 Sentry Airborne Warning and Control System aircraft, the E-6 is adapted from Boeing's 707-320 airliner. Rolled out at Boeing's Renton Factory in December 1986, the first E-6 made its maiden flight in February 1987, when it was flown to nearby Boeing Field in south Seattle for fitting of mission avionics. It was delivered to the Navy for testing in July 1988.

The E-6B is an upgrade of the E-6A. It includes a battle staff area and updated mission equipment. The flight deck systems were later replaced with a better, cheaper off-the-shelf 737 Next Generation cockpit. The first E-6B was accepted in December 1997. All 16 E-6A aircraft were modified to the E-6B standard, with the final delivery taking place in December 2006.

Unlike most Navy aircraft that use the probe-and-drogue in-flight refueling method, the E-6 has a flying boom receptacle on the upper-forward fuselage so it can be refueled by the U.S. Air Force’s larger tanker fleet of KC-135 Stratotankers, KC-10 Extenders, and KC-46 Pegasuses.

Operational history

Codenamed ''Looking Glass'', the E-6 is United States Strategic Command's (USSTRATCOM) Airborne Command Post (ABNCP). It is designed to take over in case the Global Operations Center at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, is destroyed or incapable of communicating with nuclear forces. The term "Looking Glass” reflects the way the ABNCP "mirrors" the GOC’s abilities.

The E-6A, initially named Hermes, entered service with squadron VQ-3 in August 1989. A second squadron, VQ-4, received its first E-6As in January 1991, allowing the EC-130Q to be phased out in June 1991. The E-6A was renamed Mercury in autumn 1991 at the Navy’s request.Francillon 1995, p. 21. Sixteen E-6A planes were delivered from 1988 to 1992.

The E-6 fleet is based at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, and operated by Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron 3 (VQ-3), VQ-4, and VQ-7.

In 2021, one of the E-3D Sentry aircraft that had been in service with the Royal Air Force was purchased for conversion into a dedicated E-6 trainer. This was done as a means to extend the life of the operational fleet by reducing the need for E-6s to be used for training missions.

Replacement

In 2015, both the Air Force and Navy realized that they needed new aircraft to serve the missions of both the E-4 and the E-6. At one point, they considered building one plane to replace both aircraft, but by 2020, the Navy decided to go its own way and develop an aircraft specifically for the TACAMO mission, under the E-XX TACAMO program. The Air Force independently pursued an E-4 replacement under the Survivable Airborne Operations Center program.

The Navy selected a variant of the Lockheed EC-130J, specifically one derived from the lengthened C-130J-30. Initial orders were placed in late 2020 with development beginning in earnest in 2022. Delivery of the first aircraft is expected in FY26. The Navy expects the E-6 to fulfill the TACAMO role into the 2030s as the E-XX is transitioned into service.

In October 2024, the replacement aircraft was officially named E-130J.

Specifications (E-6B)

See also

References

Bibliography

* Francillon, René J. (1995). "Messenger of the Gods: The Boeing E-6 Mercury in USN Service." ''Air International'', Vol. 48, No 1, January 1995, pp. 19–24.
* Breffort, Dominique (2008). ''Boeing 707, KC-135 and Civilian and Military Versions''. Paris: Histoire & Collections, 2008. , pp. 93–94

External links

US Navy E-6B Mercury Fact File page

USSTRATCOM ABNCP Fact Sheet

{{US EW aircraft

E-06 Mercury
E-06 Mercury, Boeing
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United States nuclear command and control
Boeing 707
Aircraft first flown in 1987
Low-wing aircraft
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