Biscocho Principe
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''Biscocho'', also spelled ''biskotso'' (from ), refers to various types of Filipino twice-baked
bread Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cu ...
s, usually coated with
butter Butter is a dairy product made from the fat and protein components of Churning (butter), churned cream. It is a semi-solid emulsion at room temperature, consisting of approximately 81% butterfat. It is used at room temperature as a spread (food ...
and
sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecul ...
, or
garlic Garlic (''Allium sativum'') is a species of bulbous flowering plants in the genus '' Allium''. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chives, Welsh onion, and Chinese onion. Garlic is native to central and south Asia, str ...
in some cases. ''Biscocho'' is most strongly associated with the versions from the province of
Iloilo Iloilo ( ; ), officially the Province of Iloilo (; ; ; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital and largest city is Iloilo City, the regional center of Western Visayas and politically independen ...
, although it actually exists nationwide in various forms. It is also known as ''biscocho duro'', ''machacao'', or ''matsakaw''. It is also historically known as ''pan de caña'' (literally "
ugar Ugar may refer to: * Ugar Khurd, town in the state of Karnataka, India * Ugar Budruk, village in the state of Karnataka, India * Ugar (river) The Ugar ( sr-cyrl, Угар, known as the ''Brzica'' until 1878) is a river of Bosnia, a tributary of ...
ane bread").


History

The term ''biscocho'' is derived from
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...
''
bizcocho Bizcocho ( or ) is the name given in the Spanish-speaking world to a wide range of pastries, cakes or cookies. The exact product to which the word ''bizcocho'' is applied varies widely depending on the region and country. For instance, in Spain ...
''. However, they are not the same pastries. The original Spanish ''bizcocho'' refers to a type of sponge cake known as '' broas'' in the Philippines. The crunchy twice-baked and sugar-coated Philippine ''biscocho'' (more properly ''biscocho duro''), does not exist in Spanish cuisine. There are multiple claims of people who "invented" the ''biscocho'' in the Philippines, usually varying depending on the region.


Variants

There are several types of ''biscochos'' from various parts of the Philippines. All of them are usually referred to as "''biscocho''" colloquially, which can be confusing. A common characteristic of ''biscocho'' is that they are typically stale bread that are baked a second time. They include:


Biscocho de caña

''Biscocho de caña'' is the most well-known variant of ''biscocho''. It is a specialty of the
Western Visayas Western Visayas (; ; ) is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, numerically designated as Region VI. The region comprises the islands of Panay and Guimaras Island, Guimaras. It consists of five Provinces of the ...
islands, particularly the province of
Iloilo Iloilo ( ; ), officially the Province of Iloilo (; ; ; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital and largest city is Iloilo City, the regional center of Western Visayas and politically independen ...
. They are pieces of stale bread with a small amount of sugar (and no butter) that is then baked to achieve a crunchy texture. The breads used can range from flat sliced breads to sliced pieces of ''
pan de monja Monay, also known as pan de monja, is a dense bread roll from the Philippines made with all-purpose flour, milk, and salt. It has a characteristic shape, with an indentation down the middle dividing the bread into two round halves. It is a commo ...
'' (''monay'').


Biscocho de Manila

''Biscocho de Manila'' originates from
Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...
. It is characteristically small and round and dusted with white sugar.


Biscocho de rosca

''Biscocho de rosca'', more commonly known as ''
rosca A rotating savings and credit association (ROSCA) is a group of individuals who agree to meet for a defined period in order to save and borrow together, a form of combined peer-to-peer banking and peer-to-peer lending. Members all chip in regula ...
'', is technically a cookie, and not a type of ''biscocho''. It is from the towns of
Barugo Barugo (IPA: ɐˈɾugo, officially the Municipality of Barugo (; ), is a municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 34,497 people. Residents of the town of Barugo are traditionally ...
and
Carigara Carigara (), officially the Municipality of Carigara (; ), is a First Income Class municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 54,656 people. Established in 1571, Carigara holds the di ...
of the island of
Leyte Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census. Since the accessibility of land has been ...
. It is made with
lard Lard is a Quasi-solid, semi-solid white fat product obtained by rendering (animal products), rendering the adipose tissue, fatty tissue of a domestic pig, pig.
,
anise Anise (; '), also called aniseed or rarely anix, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, ...
, flour, sugar, butter, and eggs.


Biscocho de sebo

''Biscocho de sebo'', also known as ''corbata de sebo'', is a
bow tie The bow tie or dicky bow is a type of neckwear, distinguishable from a necktie because it does not drape down the shirt placket, but is tied just underneath a winged collar. A modern bow tie is tied using a common shoelace knot, which is also ...
-shaped ''biscocho'' from
Malolos, Bulacan Malolos , officially the City of Malolos (), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population ...
. It is characteristically made with lard and thus has an oily texture. It is only minimally sweetened.


Biscocho principe

''Biscocho principe'', also spelled ''biscocho prinsipe'', is another type of ''biscocho'' from
Iloilo Iloilo ( ; ), officially the Province of Iloilo (; ; ; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital and largest city is Iloilo City, the regional center of Western Visayas and politically independen ...
. It is similar to ''biscocho de caña'' but uses butter and more sugar. It can use any type of bread, but usually uses slices of stale '' ensaymada'', as it is already slathered in butter.


Garlic biscocho

Garlic ''biscocho'' is a variant of ''biscocho principe'' that is topped with butter and garlic (instead of sugar).


Kinihad

''Kinihad'' literally means "sliced", from Hiligaynon ("to slice"). It refers to plain thinly sliced bread (without butter or sugar) that is baked to a crunchy texture. It originates from the Ilonggo regions of the Western Visayas.


Pasuquin biscocho

''Pasuiquin biscocho'' is named after the town of
Pasuquin Pasuquin, officially the Municipality of Pasuquin (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 29,678 people. T ...
in
Ilocos Norte Ilocos Norte (), officially the Province of Ilocos Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. It is located in the northwest corner of Luzon island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to t ...
from where it originates. ''Pasuiquin biscocho'' is shaped like small rolls. It comes in soft and crunchy versions. It does not use butter or sugar, instead it is flavored with
anise Anise (; '), also called aniseed or rarely anix, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, ...
or anise liqueur, giving it a tangy and slightly salty taste.


See also

*
Pan de regla ''Pan de regla'', also known as ''kalihim'', is a Filipino cuisine, Filipino bread with a characteristically bright red, magenta, or pink bread pudding filling made from the torn pieces of stale bread mixed with milk, sugar, eggs, butter, and ...
* Mamon tostado *
Otap Otapi ( ka, ოტაფი; ) is a village and municipality in Ochamchira District, Abkhazia, a partially-recognized state claimed by Georgia. The village lies on the Otapi River. Otapi is noted for its karst cave, Abrskil Cave, which is a touris ...
*
Garlic bread Garlic bread (also called garlic toast) consists of bread (usually baguette, sourdough or ciabatta) topped with garlic and occasionally olive oil or butter, and may include additional herbs, such as oregano or chives. It is then either grilled u ...
*
List of bread dishes This is a list of bread dishes and foods, which use bread as a primary ingredient. Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour and water, usually by baking. Throughout recorded history it has been popular around the world and is one of ...


References

{{Filipino food Philippine pastries Bread dishes Twice-baked goods Visayan cuisine Culture of Iloilo Philippine breads