Theodore (or Theodorus) Bibliander (german: Theodor Buchmann; 1509 in

Bischofszell Bischofszell ( Alemannic: ''Bischefzèl'') is a village and a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district. In 1987, the city was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its ...

– 26 September 1564 in Zurich) was a

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri *Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internati ...

orientalist, publisher, Protestant reformer and linguist. Born Theodor Buchmann (''Bibliander'' is a Greek translation of this surname) in Bischofszell, he studied Latin under Oswald Myconius, and Greek and Hebrew under Jakob Ceporin, and attended lectures in

Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS) ...

between 1525–7 given by

Johannes Oecolampadius Johannes Oecolampadius (also ''Œcolampadius'', in German also Oekolampadius, Oekolampad; 1482 – 24 November 1531) was a German Protestant reformer in the Calvinist tradition from the Electoral Palatinate. He was the leader of the Protesta ...

and Konrad Pelikan. He also became familiar with the

Arabic language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

and other languages from the East; he became a professor of theology. He published a Hebrew grammar in 1535, and commentaries on the

Bible The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthologya compilation of texts o ...

Johannes Oporinus Johannes Oporinus (also Johannes Oporin; Latinised from the original German name: ''Johannes Herbster'' or ''Hans Herbst'') (25 January 1507 – 7 July 1568) was a humanist printer in Basel. Life Johannes Oporinus, the son of the painter Hans ...

printed his edition of the

Qur'an The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , si ...

in Latin (Basel, 1543), which was based on the medieval translation of

Robert of Ketton Robert of Ketton, known in Latin as Rodbertus Ketenensis ( 1141–1157), was an English astronomer, translator, priest and diplomat active in Spain. He translated several works of Arabic into Latin, including the first translation of the Quran int ...

. The edition included the entire

Toledan Collection The ''Corpus Cluniacense'' or ''Corpus Islamolatinum'', sometimes erroneously the ''Corpus Toledanum'', is a collection of Latin writings about Islam compiled in 1142–1143. At its centre are translations from Arabic of five Islamic works, i ...

, including ''Doctrina Machumet'', a translation of the Arabic theological tract known as the '' Book of One Thousand Questions''. Considered the father of

biblical exegesis Biblical criticism is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible. During the eighteenth century, when it began as ''historical-biblical criticism,'' it was based on two distinguishing characteristics: (1) the concern to ...

in Switzerland, Bibliander became involved in a doctrinal controversy with Pietro Martire Vermigli (Peter Martyr) over

predestination Predestination, in theology, is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul. Explanations of predestination often seek to address the paradox of free will, whereby G ...

; he was removed from his theological professorship at the ''Carolinum'' academy in 1560. He died of the

plague Plague or The Plague may refer to: Agriculture, fauna, and medicine *Plague (disease), a disease caused by ''Yersinia pestis'' * An epidemic of infectious disease (medical or agricultural) * A pandemic caused by such a disease * A swarm of pes ...

Works

*''Institutionum grammaticarum de lingua Hebraea liber unus'', Zurich, 1535 *''De optimo genere grammaticorum Hebraicorum'', Hieronymus Curio, Zurich, 1542 *''Machumetis Saracenorum principis eiusque successorum vitae ac doctrina ipseque Alcoran'', Johannes Oporin, Basel, 1543, 1550. (Qur'an
on-line text with critical apparatus in French
*''Relatio fidelis'', Johannes Oporin, Basel, 1545 *''De ratione communi omnium linguarum et litterarum commentarius'', Christoph Froschauer, Zurich, 1548 *''De ratione temporum'', Johannes Oporin, Basel, 1551 *''Temporum a condito mundo usque ad ultimam ipsius aetatem supputatio'', Johannses Oporin, Basel, 1558

References

External links

* * 1509 births 1564 deaths People from Weinfelden District Swiss Calvinist and Reformed theologians 16th-century Swiss people 16th-century deaths from plague (disease) Translators of the Quran into Latin Infectious disease deaths in Switzerland 16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians Academic staff of Carolinum, Zurich {{Switzerland-theologian-stub

Works

See also

References

External links