The Bely Iyus () is a river in the Republic of

Khakassia Khakassia (), officially the Republic of Khakassia, is a republic of Russia located in southern Siberia. It is situated between Krasnoyarsk Krai to the north and the Altai Republic to the south. The capital city of Khakassia is Abakan, and the ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. It is the

right Rights are law, legal, social, or ethics, ethical principles of freedom or Entitlement (fair division), entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal sy ...

source river of the Chulym.Чулым (река, приток Оби)

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; , ''BSE'') is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Great Russian Enc ...

It is long, with a

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

of .

Etymology

Also known as Bjeloj Ijus, Bieloi Yious, . An analysis of the toponymy of the Khakass-Minusinsk basin and the areas adjacent to it indicates that, along with the stratified Turkic toponyms of a later origin, toponyms clarified from the Ugric and Samoyedic languages dominated here. The inhabitants of the Urals call the rivers flowing to the West White rivers; those that flow to the East or to Siberia, in Black rivers.

Description

The Bely Iyus has its sources on the eastern slopes of the

Kuznetsk Alatau Kuznetsk Alatau () is a mountain range in southern Siberia, Russia. The range rises in the Altai-Sayan region of the South Siberian Mountains, northwest of Mongolia. The Siberian Railway skirts the northern limit of the range. Geography ...

, at an elevation of , The sources are small mountain lake in a spur of the Kuznetsk Alatau, in the high Karlykhan Range (up to 6000 feet). Source of Bely Iyus is mainly snow. In the upper reaches (to the village of Efremkino) of the Bely Iyus it is called Pikhterek and has the character of a fast mountain river, but not deep and in summer there are fords everywhere. In the middle reaches it flows among the hilly steppe spaces of the western outskirts of the Chulym-Yenisei basin, strongly meandering

channel Channel, channels, channeling, etc., may refer to: Geography * Channel (geography), a landform consisting of the outline (banks) of the path of a narrow body of water. Australia * Channel Country, region of outback Australia in Queensland and pa ...

, swampy valley. The density of the river network is 0.5–0.7 km/km². Drain module - 5-10 liters / (sec × km²). At the village of Maly Syutik it joins the

Cherny Iyus Cherny Iyus is a mountain river in the northern part of Khakassia, Russia. It flows through the territories of the Shirinsky and Ordzhonikidze districts. Merging with the Bely Iyus it forms the Chulym River, the right tributary of the Ob. ...

(or ''Black Iyus''), the left source river of the Chulym. The Chulym together with the Bely Iyus is long, and is thus one of Siberia's main rivers. The main tributaries of the first order: the left ones are Tyukhterek, Bolshaya Syya, Malaya Syya, Targa, Chernaya, etc.; right - Kharatas, Tunguzhul, Shablyk, Tyurim, etc. Floatable river. It flows through the territory of and Shirinsky districts, Ust-Abakansky district, Sorsk, Ordzhonikidzevsky District. There are more than 10 settlements in the valley: Berenzhak, Mendol, Malaya Syya, Efremkino, Bely Balakhchin, Iyus, Solenoozernoye, etc. The rocks that accompany the Bely Iyus River from the peaks to the mouth of the Tarcha River are predominantly granite-syenites and limestones; below the mouth of this river, breccias, conglomerates, porphyrites, and then sandstones protrude. Clay-calcareous porphyry also appears on the White Iyus River. In the area of the villages of Efremkino and Malaya Syya, on an area of 40-50 thousand hectares, there are exotic rock outcrops,

cave Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's Planetary surface, surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance undergrou ...

s: Pandora's Box, Archaeological, etc. historical monuments (an ancient human settlement, rock paintings). The Iyussky Reserve located on the eastern slope of the

, in the basin of the middle course of the Bely Iyus River, Shirinsky District, Khakassia. The Iyussky Reserve has been established to protect cave complexes, biocenoses of the forest and subtaiga zone, habitats of ungulates, nesting sites of rare birds of prey, for organized cultural leisure of the population (ecological and tourist routes, visiting caves, etc.). In the upper reaches of the White Iyus, gold is mined (Kommunar, Berenzhak). With the development of the mining industry, the productivity of the fish stock in Bely Iyus has decreased significantly. There was not enough

grayling Grayling or Greyling may refer to: Animals Fish * Grayling, generically, any fish of the genus ''Thymallus'' in the family Salmonidae ** European grayling (''Thymallus thymallus''), the type species of the genus ''Thymallus'' ** Arctic grayling ( ...

lenok Lenoks, otherwise known as Asiatic trout or Manchurian trout,James Card: Fly fishing in South Korea.' Retrieved 22 June 2015. are salmonid fish of the genus ''Brachymystax'', native to rivers and lakes in Mongolia, Kazakhstan, wider Siberia (incl ...

, taimen, and

nelma ''Stenodus nelma'', known alternatively as the nelma, sheefish, siifish, inconnu or connie, is a commercial species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is widespread in the Arctic rivers from the Kola Peninsula (White Sea basin) ...

practically disappeared.

Tributaries (km from mouth)

17 km: Kizilka river (left) 69 km: unnamed river (left) 88 km: Tyurim river (right) 125 km: Malaya Syya river (left) 131 km: river Bolshaya Syya (Right Syya) (left) 134 km: Aspad river (right) 138 km: river Yzykhchul (Izykchul) (lv) 138 km: Sarygchul river (left) 143 km: Shablyk river (right) 154 km: Tunguzhul river (right) 172 km: Berendzhak river (left) 172 km: Ipchul river (left) 172 km: Kharatas river (Karatash, Kara-Tas) (right) 179 km: Andat river (left) 182 km: Tyukhterek river (left) 192 km: Turalyg river (right)

State Water registry data

According to the state water register of Russia, it belongs to the Upper Ob basin district, the water management section of the river is the Chulym from the city of

Achinsk Achinsk () is a city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the right bank of the Chulym River near its intersection with the Trans-Siberian Railway, west of Krasnoyarsk. It has a population of 109,155 as of the 2010 Census. History Achins ...

to the water metering station of the village of Zyryanskoye, the river sub-basin of the river is the Chulym. The river basin of the river - (Upper) Ob to the confluence of the

Irtysh The Irtysh is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob (river), Ob and is also the longest tributary in the world. The river's source lies in the Altai Mountains, Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern p ...

History

In the vicinity of the village of Malaya Syya (Shirinsky district) on the banks of the White Iyus, there is the earliest settlement of Homo sapiens on the territory of Khakassia, the

Paleolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic ( years ago) ( ), also called the Old Stone Age (), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehist ...

site of Malaya Syya (30-35 thousand years ago), where drilled jewelry processed with incisors was found Radlov Vasily Vasilievich (Friedrich Wilhelm Radloff) in his travel notes noted the statue that

Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt (; September 16, 1685 – March 25, 1735) was an ethnic German physician, naturalist and geographer who lived in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later in the Russian Empire. He was among the first to conduct ...

found on the Ak-Iyus ( ), which, in appearance, quite corresponds to the stone women (

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

: каменные бабы) of the southern Russian steppes.

References

External links

R-ArcticNET - A Regional, Electronic, Hydrographic Data Network For the Arctic Region
{{Authority control Rivers of Khakassia