Beaux-Arts architecture ( , ) was the academic

architectural style An architectural style is a set of characteristics and features that make a building or other structure notable or historically identifiable. It is a sub-class of style in the visual arts generally, and most styles in architecture relate closely ...

taught at the

École des Beaux-Arts École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth centur ...

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...

, particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century. It drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism, but also incorporated

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass id ...

and Baroque elements, and used modern materials, such as iron and glass. It was an important style in France until the end of the 19th century.

History

The Beaux-Arts style evolved from the French classicism of the Style Louis XIV, and then French neoclassicism beginning with

Style Louis XV The Louis XV style or ''Louis Quinze'' (, ) is a style of architecture and decorative arts which appeared during the reign of Louis XV. From 1710 until about 1730, a period known as the Régence, it was largely an extension of the Louis XIV style ...

and Style Louis XVI. French architectural styles before the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

were governed by Académie royale d'architecture (1671–1793), then, following the French Revolution, by the Architecture section of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The Academy held the competition for the Grand Prix de Rome in architecture, which offered prize winners a chance to study the classical architecture of antiquity in Rome. The formal neoclassicism of the old regime was challenged by four teachers at the Academy, Joseph-Louis Duc, Félix Duban, Henri Labrouste and Léon Vaudoyer, who had studied at the French Academy in Rome at the end of the 1820s. They wanted to break away from the strict formality of the old style by introducing new models of architecture from the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

and the

. Their goal was to create an authentic French style based on French models. Their work was aided beginning in 1837 by the creation of the Commission of Historic Monuments, headed by the writer and historian Prosper Mérimée, and by the great interest in the Middle Ages caused by the publication in 1831 of '' The Hunchback of Notre-Dame'' by Victor Hugo. Their declared intention was to "imprint upon our architecture a truly national character." The style referred to as ''Beaux-Arts'' in English reached the apex of its development during the Second Empire (1852–1870) and the Third Republic that followed. The style of instruction that produced Beaux-Arts architecture continued without major interruption until 1968. The Beaux-Arts style heavily influenced the architecture of the United States in the period from 1880 to 1920. In contrast, many European architects of the period 1860–1914 outside France gravitated away from Beaux-Arts and towards their own national academic centers. Owing to the cultural politics of the late 19th century, British architects of Imperial classicism followed a somewhat more independent course, a development culminating in Sir Edwin Lutyens's New Delhi government buildings.

Training

The Beaux-Arts training emphasized the mainstream examples of

Imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas ...

Roman architecture Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but was different from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered o ...

between

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...

and the Severan emperors,

Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance ( it, Rinascimento ) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Europe and marked the tra ...

, and French and Italian Baroque models especially, but the training could then be applied to a broader range of models: Quattrocento Florentine

palace A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which ...

fronts or French late Gothic. American architects of the Beaux-Arts generation often returned to

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

models, which had a strong local history in the American Greek Revival of the early 19th century. For the first time, repertories of photographs supplemented meticulous scale drawings and on-site renderings of details. Beaux-Arts training made great use of ''agrafes'', clasps that link one architectural detail to another; to interpenetration of forms, a Baroque habit; to "speaking architecture" ('' architecture parlante'') in which the appropriateness of symbolism was paid particularly close attention. Beaux-Arts training emphasized the production of quick conceptual sketches, highly finished perspective presentation drawings, close attention to the program, and knowledgeable detailing. Site considerations included the social and urban context. All architects-in-training passed through the obligatory stages—studying antique models, constructing , analyses reproducing Greek or Roman models, "pocket" studies and other conventional steps—in the long competition for the few desirable places at the Académie de France à Rome (housed in the Villa Medici) with traditional requirements of sending at intervals the presentation drawings called ''envois de Rome''.

Characteristics

File:DianaAndPomona.jpg, Beaux-Arts building decoration presenting images of the Roman

goddess A goddess is a female deity. In many known cultures, goddesses are often linked with literal or metaphorical pregnancy or imagined feminine roles associated with how women and girls are perceived or expected to behave. This includes themes of s ...

Pomona Pomona may refer to: Places Argentina * Pomona, Río Negro Australia * Pomona, Queensland, Australia, a town in the Shire of Noosa * Pomona, New South Wales, Australia Belize * Pomona, Belize, a municipality in Stann Creek District Mexico ...

and

Diana Diana most commonly refers to: * Diana (name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Diana (mythology), ancient Roman goddess of the hunt and wild animals; later associated with the Moon * Diana, Princess of Wales (1961–1997) ...

. Note the naturalism of the postures and the channeled rustication of the stonework. File:SFCityHallExteriorKeystone.jpg, Alternating male and female mascarons decorate keystones on the

San Francisco City Hall San Francisco City Hall is the seat of government for the City and County of San Francisco, California. Re-opened in 1915 in its open space area in the city's Civic Center, it is a Beaux-Arts monument to the City Beautiful movement that epito ...

Beaux-Arts architecture depended on sculptural decoration along conservative modern lines, employing French and Italian Baroque and

Rococo Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...

formulas combined with an impressionistic finish and realism. In the façade shown above,

grasps the cornice she sits on in a natural action typical of Beaux-Arts integration of sculpture with architecture. Slightly overscaled details, bold sculptural supporting consoles, rich deep

cornice In architecture, a cornice (from the Italian ''cornice'' meaning "ledge") is generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a building or furniture element—for example, the cornice over a door or window, around the top edge of a ...

s, swags and sculptural enrichments in the most bravura finish the client could afford gave employment to several generations of architectural modellers and carvers of Italian and Central European backgrounds. A sense of appropriate idiom at the craftsman level supported the design teams of the first truly modern architectural offices. Characteristics of Beaux-Arts architecture included: * Flat roof * Rusticated and raised first story * Hierarchy of spaces, from "noble spaces"—grand entrances and staircases—to utilitarian ones * Arched windows * Arched and

pediment Pediments are gables, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns. Pediments can contain an overdoor and are usually topped by hood moulds. A pedim ...

ed doors * Classical details: references to a synthesis of historicist styles and a tendency to

eclecticism Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories i ...

; fluently in a number of "manners" * Symmetry * Statuary, sculpture (

bas-relief Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces are bonded to a solid background of the same material. The term '' relief'' is from the Latin verb ''relevo'', to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that th ...

panels, figural sculptures, sculptural groups), murals, mosaics, and other artwork, all coordinated in theme to assert the identity of the building * Classical architectural details: balustrades,

pilasters In classical architecture, a pilaster is an architectural element used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It consists of a flat surface raised from the main wall ...

festoon A festoon (from French ''feston'', Italian ''festone'', from a Late Latin ''festo'', originally a festal garland, Latin ''festum'', feast) is a wreath or garland hanging from two points, and in architecture typically a carved ornament depict ...

s, cartouches, acroteria, with a prominent display of richly detailed clasps (''agrafes''), brackets and supporting consoles * Subtle polychromy

Beaux-Arts architecture by country

Lego (disambiguation)

Belgium

File:Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale 20.JPG,

Royal Museum for Central Africa The Royal Museum for Central Africa or RMCA ( nl, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika or KMMA; french: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale or MRAC; german: Königliches Museum für Zentralafrika or KMZA), also officially known as the AfricaMuse ...

, Tervuren File:Parc du Cinquantenaire 30-05-06.JPG, Main triumphal arch with one of the two side buildings of the Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark, Brussels File:Royal Palace Laeken from the Air.jpg, Overview from the Royal Palace of Laeken, Brussels File:Thermen.pano.jpg, Panoramic view of the Royal Galleries of Ostend File:Ensemble de trois immeubles Art nouveau Avenue Brugmann 176 178 Avenue Molière Bruxelles Avenue Molière 177 179.jpg, Herenhuis Vandenbroeck on the Avenue Molière and Avenue Brugmann, Brussels Even though the style was not used as much as in neighbouring country France, some examples of Beaux-Arts buildings can still be found in Belgium. The most prominent of these examples is the

Tervuren Tervuren () is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in Flanders, Belgium. The municipality comprises the villages of Duisburg, Tervuren, Vossem and Moorsel. On January 1, 2006, Tervuren had a total population of 20,636. The total ...

, but the complexes and triumphal arch of the Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark in

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

and expansions of the Palace of Laeken in Brussels and Royal Galleries of Ostend also carry the Beaux-Arts style, created by the French architect Charles Girault. Furthermore, various large Beaux-Arts buildings can also be found in Brussels on the Avenue Molière/Molièrelaan. As an old student of the École des Beaux-Arts and as a designer of the

Petit Palais The Petit Palais (; en, Small Palace) is an art museum in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. Built for the 1900 Exposition Universelle ("universal exhibition"), it now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts (''Musée des beaux-arts ...

, Girault was the figurehead of the Beaux-Arts around the 20th century. After the death of Alphonse Balat, he became the new and favourite architect of

Leopold II of Belgium * german: link=no, Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor , house = Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , father = Leopold I of Belgium , mother = Louise of Orléans , birth_date = , birth_place = Brussels, Belgium , death_date ...

. Since Leopold was the grandson of Louis Philippe I of France, he loved this specific building style which is similar to and has its roots in the architecture that has been realized in the 17th and 18th century for the French crown.

Beaux-Arts buildings in Belgium

* 1782: Palace of Laeken,

(extensions) * 1880: Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark, Brussels (complexes and triumphal arch) * 1898:

* 1902–1906: Royal Galleries of Ostend,

Ostend Ostend ( nl, Oostende, ; french: link=no, Ostende ; german: link=no, Ostende ; vls, Ostende) is a coastal city and municipality, located in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariake ...

(extensions) * 1908: Avenue Molière 177–179 / Avenue Brugmann 176–178, Brussels (a combination of

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Moder ...

, Beaux-Arts and

) * 1909: Avenue Molière 193, Brussels * 1910: Avenue Molière 128, Brussels * 1910: Avenue Molière 130, Brussels * 1910: Avenue Molière 132, Brussels * 1910: Avenue Molière 207, Brussels * 1912: Avenue Molière 519, Brussels * 1912: Avenue Molière 305, Brussels

France

File:P1020033 Paris III CNAM Galeries exposition reductwk.JPG, The Conservatoire national des arts et métiers by Léon Vaudoyer (1838–1867) File:Bibliothèque St Geneviève Paris.jpg, The

Sainte-Geneviève Library Sainte-Geneviève Library (french: link=no, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève) is a public and university library located at 10, place du Panthéon, across the square from the Panthéon, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris. It is based on the ...

by Henri Labrouste (1844–1850) File:Salle de lecture Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve n01.jpg, Interior of the

by Henri Labrouste (1844–1850) File:Paris 75005 Grande Galerie de l'Evolution 20070804.jpg, Museum of Natural History, Paris by Louis-Jules André (1877–1889) File:Main entrance of Grand Palais, Paris July 2014.jpg, The

Grand Palais The Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées ( en, Great Palace of the Elysian Fields), commonly known as the Grand Palais ( English: Great Palace), is a historic site, exhibition hall and museum complex located at the Champs-Élysées in the 8th ...

. Paris (1897–1900) The Beaux-Arts style in France in the 19th century was initiated by four young architects trained at the

, architects; Joseph-Louis Duc, Félix Duban, Henri Labrouste and Léon Vaudoyer, who had first studied Roman and Greek architecture at the Villa Medici in Rome, then in the 1820s began the systematic study of other historic

s, including French architecture of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. They instituted teaching about a variety of architectural styles at the École des Beaux-Arts, and installed fragments of Renaissance and Medieval buildings in the courtyard of the school so students could draw and copy them. Each of them also designed new non-classical buildings in Paris inspired by a variety of different historic styles: Labrouste built the

(1844–1850), Duc designed the new Palais de Justice and Court of Cassation on the Île-de-la-Cité (1852–1868), Vaudroyer designed the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (1838–1867), and Duban designed the new buildings of the École des Beaux-Arts. Together, these buildings, drawing upon Renaissance, Gothic and Romanesque and other non-classical styles, broke the monopoly of neoclassical architecture in Paris.

Germany

File:Berlin Museumsinsel Fernsehturm.jpg, Bode Museum, Berlin File:Hamburg Musikhalle 01 KMJ.jpg, Laeiszhalle, Hamburg File:Hh-budgepalais.jpg, Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg, Hamburg Germany is one of the countries where the Beaux-Arts style was well received, along with

Baroque Revival architecture The Baroque Revival, also known as Neo-Baroque (or Second Empire architecture in France and Wilhelminism in Germany), was an architectural style of the late 19th century. The term is used to describe architecture and architectural sculp ...

. The style was especially popular and most prominently featured in the now non-existent region of

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...

during the German Empire. The best example of Beaux-Arts buildings in Germany today are the Bode Museum in

Berlin Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...

, and the

Laeiszhalle The Laeiszhalle (), formerly Musikhalle Hamburg, is a concert hall in the Neustadt of Hamburg, Germany and home to the Hamburger Symphoniker and the Philharmoniker Hamburg. The hall is named after the German shipowning company F. Laeisz, f ...

and Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg in

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...

Beaux-Arts buildings in Germany

*1898–1904: Bode Museum,

*1904–1908:

*1888–1913: Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg, Hamburg

Hungary

File:Nyugati pályaudvar, Budapest.jpg, Budapest-Nyugati Pályaudvar, Budapest

Beaux-Arts buildings in Hungary

* 1875–1877:

Budapest Nyugati railway station Budapest-Nyugati (western) railway station ( hu, Nyugati pályaudvar), generally referred to simply as Nyugati, is one of the three main railway terminals in Budapest, Hungary. The station is on the Pest side of Budapest, accessible by the 4 and ...

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

Italy

File:MergellinaHotelExcelsiorNaples3.jpg, Hotel Excelsior, Naples

Beaux-Arts buildings in Italy

*1908: Hotel Excelsior,

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...

Netherlands

File:Prentbriefkaart Plan C met de Oudehavenkade, de Oude Haven en een boot 1900.jpg, Plan C, Rotterdam File:Amsterdam, Blauwbrug in 2007.jpg, Blauwbrug, Amsterdam File:Brug246.jpg, Hogesluis, Amsterdam File:Rotterdam regentessebrug.jpg, Regentessebrug, Rotterdam File:513763 Stadhuis.jpg, City hall, Rotterdam File:Rotterdam coolsingel42.jpg, Former General Post Office, Rotterdam File:Vredespaleis foto 1.JPG, Peace Palace, The Hague Compared to other countries like France and Germany, the Beaux-Arts style never really became prominent in the Netherlands. However, a handful of significant buildings have nonetheless been made in this style during the period of 1880 to 1920, mainly being built in the cities of

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"N ...

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

and

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a list of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's ad ...

Beaux-Arts buildings in the Netherlands

*1880–1889: (destroyed during the German bombing of Rotterdam in 1940) *1883:

Blauwbrug The Blauwbrug (English: Blue bridge) is a historic bridge in Amsterdam, Netherlands over the river Amstel. It connects the Rembrandtplein area with the Waterlooplein area, and lies south to the Stopera. The bridge owes its name to a wooden "blu ...

*1883: , Amsterdam *1898: , Rotterdam *1914–1920: Rotterdam City Hall (partially damaged during the Rotterdam Blitz of 1940 but later restored) *1915–1923: Former (partially damaged during the Rotterdam Blitz of 1940 but later restored) *1907–1913: Peace Palace, The Hague

Portugal

File:01 Edifício na Rua Alexandre Herculano, n.º 25, Lisboa.jpg, Edifício na Rua Alexandre Herculano, Lisbon File:Av de República n 23 -Lisboa1923.jpg, Edifício de Gaveto, Lisbon File:Office de l’assistance contre le tuberculose (Lisbonne).jpg, Instituto Central da Assistência Nacional aos Tuberculosos, Lisbon File:OrdemEngenheirosSede.JPG, Sede da Ordem dos Engenheiros, Lisbon

Beaux-Arts buildings in Portugal

* 1909–1911: Building on Rua , Lisbon * 1912: Headquarters of the Orders of Engineers, Lisbon * 1913: , Lisbon * Central Institute of National Assistance to Tuberculosis Portugal, Lisbon

Romania

Banca Națională a României, corp vechi 20180911 163450 HDR.jpg, Exterior of the Old National Bank of Romania Palace,

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north ...

, 1883-1900, by Joseph-Marie Cassien Barnard and Albert Galleron, assisted by Grigore Cerkez and

Constantin Băicoianu Constantin is an Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Romanian male given name. It can also be a surname. For a list of notable people called Constantin, see Constantine (name). See also * Constantine (name) Constantine ( or ; Latin: ''Cōnstan ...

25 Strada Lipscani, Bucharest (13).jpg, Interior of the Old National Bank of Romania Palace, Bucharest, 1883-1900, by Joseph-Marie Cassien Barnard and Albert Galleron, assisted by Grigore Cerkez and Constantin Băicoianu Biblioteca Central de la Universidad de Bucarest, Bucarest, Rumanía, 2016-05-29, DD 71.jpg, Central University Library on Calea Victoriei (Bucharest), 1891-1895, by Paul Gottereau Palacio CEC, Bucarest, Rumanía, 2016-05-29, DD 91-93 HDR.jpg,

CEC Palace The CEC Palace ( ro, Palatul CEC) in Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the ...

on Calea Victoriei, 1897-1900, by Paul Gottereau (project) and Ion Socolescu (construction) 2 Strada Arthur Verona, Bucharest (01).jpg, Mitilineu House Bucharest, 1898, unknown architect The Cantacuzino Palace from Bucharest (Romania).jpg,

Cantacuzino Palace Cantacuzino Palace is located on Calea Victoriei no. 141, Bucharest, Romania. It was built by architect Ion D. Berindey in the Beaux Arts style, having a few Rococo Revival rooms. Today it houses the George Enescu museum. History The palace ...

on Calea Victoriei, 1898-1906, by Ion D. Berindey Palatul Constantin Mihail, (azi Muzeul de Artă) vedere centrală.JPG, Constantin Mihail Palace (currently the Craiova Art Museum), Craiova, 1898-1907, by Paul Gottereau 13 Strada Silvestru, Bucharest (01).jpg, Strada Silvestru no. 13, Bucharest, 1900, unknown architect Casa Assan 1.jpg,

Assan House Assan may refer to: *Asan Barrage, India *Asan (people), an extinct ethnic group of Russia *Assan language, an extinct language once spoken by those people *Assan (surname), a family name See also *Assam, where Assan may be a misspelling or a mispr ...

, Bucharest, 1914, by Ion D. Berindey In the Romanian Old Kingdom, towards the end of the century, many administrative buildings and private homes are built in the «Beaux-Arts» or «Eclectic» style, brought from France through French architects who came here for work in Romania, schooled in France. The National Bank of Romania Palace on

Strada Lipscani Strada is a chain based in the United Kingdom of branded restaurants specialising in Italian cuisine with two Strada sites and six Coppa Clubs, all in Southern England. History The concept was spawned by Luke Johnson in 2000 and, over five y ...

, built between 1883 and 1885 is a good example of this style, decorated not just with columns (mainly Ionic), but also with allegorical statues placed in niches, that depict Agriculture, Industry, Commerce and Justice. Because of the popularity of this style, it changed the way Bucharest looks, making it similar in some way with Paris, which led to Bucharest being seen as "Little Paris". Eclecticism was very popular not just in Bucharest and Iași, the two biggest cities of Romania at that time, but also in smaller ones like Craiova, Caracal, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Pitești, Ploiești, Buzău, Botoșani, Piatra Neamț etc. This style was used not only for administrative palaces and big houses of wealthy people, but also for middle class homes.

Spain

File:Estación del Norte.jpg, Estación del Norte, Madrid (renamed the Estación de Príncipe Pío after renovation in 1995) File:Hotel Santo Mauro (Madrid) 01.jpg, Hotel Santo Mauro, Madrid File:Casino de Madrid (España) 05.jpg, Casino de Madrid File:Edificio Metrópolis (Madrid) 25.jpg, Edificio Metrópolis, Madrid File:Casa Reynot (Madrid) 02.jpg, Casa Reynot, Madrid File:Círculo de la Unión Mercantil e Industrial (Madrid) 01.jpg, Gran Vía 24, Madrid File:Viviendas para el Marqués de Encinares (Madrid, 1923) 02.jpg, Homes for the Marquis of Encinares, Madrid File:Casa-Palacio de Tomás de Beruete (Madrid) 01.jpg, Casa-Palacio de Tomás de Beruete, Madrid File:Centro de Humanidades del CSIC (Madrid) 01.jpg, Former Humanities Center of the Spanish National Research Council, Madrid File:Calle Mayor nº 6 (Madrid) 01.jpg, Calle Mayor 6, Madrid File:Cuartel General de la Armada.jpg, Spanish Navy Headquarters, Madrid File:Edificiocoruña.png, Casa Cortés, Corunna

Beaux-Arts buildings in Spain

*1876: Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country of Cartagena building, Cartagena *1876–1882: North Station,

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), an ...

*1981: Casa Resines,

Valladolid Valladolid () is a municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province of the same name. It has a population around 300,000 peo ...

*1886: Gutierrez Passage, Valladolid *1902: Hotel Santo Mauro, Madrid *1905–1910: Casino de Madrid *1907–1911:

Metropolis Building A metropolis () is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. A big ci ...

, Madrid *1908–1911: Calle de Montalbán 5, Madrid *1913–1916: Reynot House, Madrid *1919–1924: Gran Vía 24, Madrid *1920–1923: Homes for the Marquis of Encinares, Madrid *1921–1923: Mansion of Tomás de Beruete, Madrid *1922: Former Humanities Center of the

Spanish National Research Council The Spanish National Research Council ( es, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC) is the largest public institution dedicated to research in Spain and the third largest in Europe. Its main objective is to develop and promote res ...

, Madrid *1924: Calle Mayor 6, Madrid *1915–1928:

North America

Canada

File:Government Conference Centre.jpg, Senate of Canada Building,

Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...

File:2011 Alberta Legislature Building 03.jpg, Alberta Legislature Building,

Edmonton Edmonton ( ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is situated on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. The city anc ...

File:Parliamentwinnipeg manitoba.jpg, Manitoba Legislative Building,

Winnipeg Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. , Winnipeg had a city population of 749 ...

File:Hockey Hall of Fame, Toronto.jpg, Hockey Hall of Fame,

Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most pop ...

Beaux-Arts was very prominent in public buildings in Canada in the early 20th century. Notably all three prairie provinces' legislative buildings are in this style.

=Beaux-Arts buildings in Canada

= *1898: London and Lancashire Life Building, Montreal *1903:

Old Montreal Stock Exchange Building Old or OLD may refer to: Places *Old, Baranya, Hungary *Old, Northamptonshire, England *Old Street station, a railway and tube station in London (station code OLD) *OLD, IATA code for Old Town Municipal Airport and Seaplane Base, Old Town, Mai ...

*1905: Alden Hall, Meadville *1906:

Toronto Power Generating Station, Niagara Falls Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anchor ...

*1907: Royal Alexandra Theatre, Toronto *1909: Linton Apartments, Montreal *1912:

Sun Tower The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core. The Sun radiates this energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radia ...

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. Th ...

*1912: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal *1912: Senate of Canada Building (originally a railway station by Ross and Macdonald), Ottawa *1912: Saskatchewan Legislative Building, Regina *1913: Alberta Legislative Building, Edmonton *1913–1920: Union Station, Toronto *1913–1931: Sun Life Building, Montreal *1920: Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg *1920: Millennium Centre, Winnipeg *1923: Commemorative Arch, Royal Military College of Canada in

Kingston, Ontario Kingston is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located on the north-eastern end of Lake Ontario, at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River and at the mouth of the Cataraqui River (south end of the Rideau Canal). The city is midway between Toront ...

*1923–1924: Bank of Nova Scotia, Ottawa *1924–2017: Former

Superior Court of Justice Building, Thunder Bay Superior Court of Justice Building, Thunder Bay is a former courthouse built in 1924 by Chief Architect for Ontario Francis R. Heakes. The simple Beaux-Arts building served as a courthouse from 1924 to 2014. The Superior Court of Justice (277 Ca ...

*1927: Union Station, Toronto *1930: Dominion Square Building, Montreal *1931: Canada Life Building, Toronto *1932:

Mount Royal Chalet Mount Royal Chalet (french: Chalet du Mont-Royal) is a building located near the summit of Mount Royal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The chalet was constructed in 1932 under the mayoralty of Camillien Houde as a make-work project during the Great D ...

, Montreal *1932:

Indigenous Peoples Space The Indigenous Peoples Space is a building in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, designated for the use of the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. The building is located at 100 Wellington Street in Block 2 of Canada's Parliamentary precinct, immedi ...

, Ottawa (formerly the United States Embassy) *1935: Dominion Public Building, Toronto *1938–1946:

Supreme Court of Canada Building The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC; french: Cour suprême du Canada, CSC) is the highest court in the judicial system of Canada. It comprises nine justices, whose decisions are the ultimate application of Canadian law, and grants permission to be ...

, Ottawa *1943: Hockey Hall of Fame (formerly a branch of the

Bank of Montreal The Bank of Montreal (BMO; french: Banque de Montréal, link=no) is a Canadian multinational investment bank and financial services company. The bank was founded in Montreal, Quebec, in 1817 as Montreal Bank; while its head office remains in ...

=Beaux-Arts architects in Canada

= * William Sutherland Maxwell * John M. Lyle * Ross and Macdonald * Sproatt & Rolph *

Pearson and Darling Darling and Pearson was an architectural firm based in Toronto from 1895 through 1937. The firm was prolific and produced consistently fine work though the patronage of notable figures of the Canadian establishment, and is responsible for enhancin ...

* Ernest Cormier * E.J. Lennox * Jean-Omer Marchand :fr:Jean-Omer Marchand

United States

File:Flickr - USCapitol - Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building (1).jpg, The Thomas Jefferson Building of the

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The librar ...

, Washington, D.C., by John L. Smithmeyer, Paul J. Pelz, and

Edward Pearce Casey Edward Pearce Casey (1864–1940) was an American designer and architect, noted for his work in Washington, D.C. and New York City. Early life and education Edward Pearce Casey was born June 18, 1864, in Portland, Maine; where his father, Brigadi ...

(1897) File:Willard Hotel from Pershing Park3.jpg, The

Willard Hotel The Willard InterContinental Washington, commonly known as the Willard Hotel, is a historic luxury Beaux-Arts hotel located at 1401 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Downtown Washington, D.C. It is currently a member oHistoric Hotels of America the offi ...

, Washington, D.C., by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh (1901) File:Metropolitan Museum of Art entrance NYC.JPG, Facade of the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 100 ...

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the U ...

, by Richard Morris Hunt (1902) File:Image-Grand central Station Outside Night 2.jpg,

Grand Central Terminal Grand Central Terminal (GCT; also referred to as Grand Central Station or simply as Grand Central) is a commuter rail terminal located at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Grand Central is the southern termi ...

(1913), New York City File:NewYorkPublicLibrary.jpg, The New York Public Library Main Branch in

Bryant Park Bryant Park is a public park located in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Privately managed, it is located between Fifth Avenue and Avenue of the Americas ( Sixth Avenue) and between 40th and 42nd Streets in Midtown Manhattan. The e ...

, New York City, by architects

Carrère and Hastings Carrère and Hastings, the firm of John Merven Carrère ( ; November 9, 1858 – March 1, 1911) and Thomas Hastings (March 11, 1860 – October 22, 1929), was one of the outstanding American Beaux-Arts architecture firms. Located in New York City ...

(1911) File:SFOperaHouse.jpg, The

San Francisco War Memorial Opera House The War Memorial Opera House is an opera house in San Francisco, California, located on the western side of Van Ness Avenue across from the west side/rear facade of the San Francisco City Hall. It is part of the San Francisco War Memorial and P ...

by Arthur Brown Jr. (1932) File:Palace horticulture 01.jpg, The Palace of Horticulture from the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...

by Arthur Brown Jr. (1915 demolished in 1916) Beaux-Arts architecture had a strong influence on architecture in the United States because of the many prominent American architects who studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, including Henry Hobson Richardson, John Galen Howard, Daniel Burnham, and

Louis Sullivan Louis Henry Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924) was an American architect, and has been called a "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism". He was an influential architect of the Chicago School, a mentor to Frank Lloy ...

. The first American architect to attend the École des Beaux-Arts was Richard Morris Hunt, between 1846 and 1855, followed by Henry Hobson Richardson in 1860. They were followed by an entire generation. Richardson absorbed Beaux-Arts lessons in massing and spatial planning, then applied them to Romanesque architectural models that were not characteristic of the Beaux-Arts repertory. His Beaux-Arts training taught him to transcend slavish copying and recreate in the essential fully digested and idiomatic manner of his models. Richardson evolved a highly personal style (

Richardsonian Romanesque Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th and 12th century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesq ...

) freed of historicism that was influential in early

Modernism Modernism is both a philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new forms of art, philosophy, ...

. The "White City" of the

World's Columbian Exposition The World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, h ...

of 1893 in Chicago was a triumph of the movement and a major impetus for the short-lived

City Beautiful movement The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy of North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. It was a part of the ...

in the United States. Beaux-Arts city planning, with its Baroque insistence on vistas punctuated by symmetry, eye-catching monuments, axial avenues, uniform cornice heights, a harmonious "ensemble," and a somewhat theatrical nobility and accessible charm, embraced ideals that the ensuing Modernist movement decried or just dismissed. The first American university to institute a Beaux-Arts curriculum is the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a Private university, private Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern t ...

(MIT) in 1893, when the French architect

Constant-Désiré Despradelle Constant-Désiré Despradelle (May 20, 1862 – February 8, 1912) was a French-born architect and professor of architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology who, through his teaching, influenced a generation of Beaux-Arts style archit ...

was brought to MIT to teach. The Beaux-Arts curriculum was subsequently begun at

Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manha ...

, the

University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universit ...

, and elsewhere. From 1916, the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design in New York City schooled architects, painters, and sculptors to work as active collaborators.

=Beaux-Arts buildings in the United States

= Numerous American university campuses were designed in the Beaux-Arts, notably:

, (commissioned in 1896), designed by McKim, Mead & White; the

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...

(commissioned in 1898), designed by John Galen Howard; the

United States Naval Academy The United States Naval Academy (US Naval Academy, USNA, or Navy) is a United States Service academies, federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland. It was established on 10 October 1845 during the tenure of George Bancroft as Secretary of ...

(built 1901–1908), designed by

Ernest Flagg Ernest Flagg (February 6, 1857 – April 10, 1947) was an American architect in the Beaux-Arts style. He was also an advocate for urban reform and architecture's social responsibility. Early life and education Flagg was born in Brooklyn, Ne ...

; the campus of MIT (commissioned in 1913), designed by William W. Bosworth;

Emory University Emory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as "Emory College" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of h ...

and Carnegie Mellon University (commissioned in 1908 and 1904, respectively), both designed by Henry Hornbostel; and the

University of Texas The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a public research university in Austin, Texas. It was founded in 1883 and is the oldest institution in the University of Texas System. With 40,916 undergraduate students, 11,075 ...

(commissioned in 1931), designed by

Paul Philippe Cret Paul Philippe Cret (October 23, 1876 – September 8, 1945) was a French-born Philadelphia architect and industrial designer. For more than thirty years, he taught at a design studio in the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsyl ...

. While the style of Beaux-Art buildings was adapted from historical models, the construction used the most modern available technology. The

in Paris (1897–1900) had a modern iron frame inside; the classical columns were purely for decoration. The 1914–1916 construction of the

Carolands Chateau Carolands Chateau is a , 4.5 floor, 98 room mansion on in Hillsborough, California. An example of American Renaissance and Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux-Arts design, the building is a California Historical Landmark and is listed on the Nationa ...

south of San Francisco was built to withstand earthquakes, following the devastating 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The noted Spanish structural engineer Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908), famous for his vaultings, known as Guastavino tile work, designed vaults in dozens of Beaux-Arts buildings in Boston, New York, and elsewhere. Beaux-Arts architecture also brought a civic face to railroads.

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...

's Union Station,

Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at ...

's Michigan Central Station, Jacksonville's Union Terminal,

and the original Pennsylvania Station in New York, and Washington, D.C.'s Union Station are famous American examples of this style.

Cincinnati Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state lin ...

has a number of notable Beaux-Arts style buildings, including the Hamilton County Memorial Building in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, and the former East End Carnegie library in the Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood. An ecclesiastical variant on the Beaux-Arts style is Minneapolis' Basilica of St. Mary, the first basilica in the United States, which was designed by Franco-American architect

Emmanuel Louis Masqueray Emmanuel Louis Masqueray (1861–1917) was a Franco-American preeminent figure in the history of American architecture, both as a gifted designer of landmark buildings and as an influential teacher of the profession of architecture dedicated ...

(1861–1917) and opened in 1914, and a Freemason temple variant, the Plainfield Masonic Temple, in Plainfield, New Jersey, designed by John E. Minott in 1927. Other examples include the main branch of the New York Public Library; Bancroft Hall at the Naval Academy, the largest academic dormitory in the world; and Michigan Central Station in Detroit, the tallest railway station in the world at the time of completion.

=Beaux-Arts architects in the United States

= In the late 1800s, during the years when Beaux-Arts architecture was at a peak in France, Americans were one of the largest groups of foreigners in Paris. Many of them were architects and students of architecture who brought this style back to America. The following individuals, students of the

, are identified as creating work characteristic of the Beaux-Arts style within the United States: *

Otto Eugene Adams Otto Eugene Adams (Sr.) (November 1, 1889 – January 31, 1968), the architect, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on November 1, 1889, to a family with Baltimore and German ancestry.

* William A. Boring * William W. Bosworth * Arthur Brown Jr. * Daniel Burnham *

James Edwin Ruthven Carpenter Jr. James Edwin Ruthven Carpenter Jr. (January 7, 1867 – June 11, 1932) was the leading architect of luxury residential high-rise buildings in New York City in the early 1900s. Biography He studied at the University of Tennessee and at the Mas ...

* Edward Emmett Dougherty *

* Robert W. Gibson * C. P. H. Gilbert * Cass Gilbert *

Thomas Hastings Thomas Hastings may refer to: *Thomas Hastings (colonist) (1605–1685), English immigrant to New England *Thomas Hastings (composer) (1784–1872), American composer, primarily of hymn tunes *Thomas Hastings (cricketer) (1865–1938), Australian cr ...

* Raymond Hood * Henry Hornbostel * John Galen Howard * Richard Morris Hunt * Albert Kahn *

Charles Klauder Charles Zeller Klauder (February 9, 1872 – October 30, 1938) was an American architect best known for his work on university buildings and campus designs, especially his Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh, the first educat ...

* Ellamae Ellis League * Electus D. Litchfield * Austin W. Lord *

* William Rutherford Mead *

John E. Minott John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

* Julia Morgan *

Charles Follen McKim Charles Follen McKim (August 24, 1847 – September 14, 1909) was an American Beaux-Arts architect of the late 19th century. Along with William Rutherford Mead and Stanford White, he provided the architectural expertise as a member of the par ...

Harry B. Mulliken Harry B. Mulliken (June 10, 1872 – June 20, 1952) was an early twentieth-century American architect and developer who built many of his works in New York City. Mulliken's apartment and hotel buildings are remarkable for their Beaux-Arts archite ...

* Kenneth MacKenzie Murchison * Henry Orth *

Theodore Wells Pietsch I Theodore Wells Pietsch (October 2, 1868, Chicago, Illinois – January 1, 1930, Baltimore, Maryland) was a well-known American architect, best remembered for a large body of work in and around Baltimore, Maryland. Among his best-known building ...

* Willis Polk *

John Russell Pope John Russell Pope (April 24, 1874 – August 27, 1937) was an American architecture, architect whose firm is widely known for designing major public buildings, including the National Archives and Records Administration building (completed in 19 ...

* Reed and Stem * Arthur Wallace Rice * Henry Hobson Richardson * Francis Palmer Smith *

* Edward Lippincott Tilton * Evarts Tracy of Tracy and Swartwout * Horace Trumbauer * Enock Hill Turnock * Whitney Warren *

Stanford White Stanford White (November 9, 1853 – June 25, 1906) was an American architect. He was also a partner in the architectural firm McKim, Mead & White, one of the most significant Beaux-Arts firms. He designed many houses for the rich, in additio ...

Charles McKim, William Mead, and Stanford White would ultimately become partners in the prominent

architectural firm In the United States, an architectural firm or architecture firm is a business that employs one or more licensed architects and practices the profession of architecture; while in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and other countr ...

of McKim, Mead & White, which designed many well-known Beaux-Arts buildings.

South America

Argentina

File:Palacio Obras.jpg, Palacio de Aguas Corrientes, Buenos Aires File:Buenos Aires Teatro Colon 2.jpg, Teatro Colón,

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the Capital city, capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata ...

File:Congreso Nacional Buenos Aires.jpg, Palace of the Argentine National Congress, Buenos Aires File:WLM2013 PalacioCorreos (1).JPG, Kirchner Cultural Centre, Buenos Aires File:06. Tucuman (13), Casa de Gobierno.JPG, Tucumán Government Palace, San Miguel de Tucumán File:Casa de la Cultura, Buenos Aires.jpg,

Casa de la Cultura Casa de la Cultura (English: "House of Culture"), or Casa de la Cultura en Puebla, is a cultural center in the city of Puebla (city), Puebla's Historic centre of Puebla, historic centre, in the Mexican state of Puebla. See also * Biblioteca Pala ...

, Buenos Aires From 1880 the so-called Generation of '80 came to power in Argentine politics. These were admirers of France as a model republic, particularly with regard to culture and aesthetic tastes. Buenos Aires is a center of Beaux-Arts architecture which continued to be built as late as the 1950s.''Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture'', Stephen Sennott (ed.), p. 186
/ref>

=Beaux-Arts buildings in Argentina

= *1877–1894: Palacio de Aguas Corrientes, Buenos Aires *1889–1908: Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires *1889: (Argentine pavilion from the 1889 Paris Exposition Universelle), taken down and reconstructed in Buenos Aires (demolished in 1932) *1890: , Mar del Plata (the train station was closed in 1949, and was later damaged by fire. Although it was renovated, it is today much less adorned) *1894–1898: Buenos Aires House of Culture, Buenos Aires *1898–1906: Palace of the Argentine National Congress, Buenos Aires *1908–1910: ,

Mar del Plata Mar del Plata is a city on the coast of the Argentine Sea, Atlantic Ocean, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the seat of General Pueyrredón Partido, General Pueyrredón district. Mar del Plata is the second largest city in Buenos Aires ...

(burned down in 1961) *1908–1928: Kirchner Cultural Centre, Buenos Aires *1926–1931:

Buenos Aires City Legislature Palace The Buenos Aires Legislature Palace ( es, Palacio de la Legislatura de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires) houses the Legislature of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is an architectural landmark in the city's Montserrat district, situated in a tr ...

, Buenos Aires *1908–1910: Tucumán Government Palace, San Miguel de Tucumán *1924–1929: Estrugamou Building, Buenos Aires

=Beaux-Arts architects in Argentina

= * Alejandro Bustillo * Julio Dormal * Gainza y Agote * Alejandro Christophersen *

Eduardo Le Monnier Eduardo Le Monnier (born Edouard Stanislas Louis Le Monnier; 30 September 1873 in Paris – 14 February 1931 in Buenos Aires) was a French architect recognized for his work in Brazil, Uruguay and mostly in Argentina. Education He studied at ...

* (later an exponent of rationalism) * Paul Pater * * * Carlos Thays (landscape architect)

Brazil

File:Casa Lebre - Vincenzo Pastore.jpg, Casa Lebre, São Paulo File:Casa Caetano de Campos, 02.JPG, Caetano de Campos House, São Paulo File:Palácio dos Campos Elísios.jpg, Palace of the Champs Elysees, São Paulo File:Teatro Municipal de São Paulo 8.jpg, Municipal Theater of São Paulo File:At Santos, Brazil 2017 380.jpg, Coliseu Santista Theater, Santos File:Palacete Tereza Toledo Lara 09.jpg, Tereza Toledo Lara Palace, São Paulo File:Image001 Anhangabau.jpg, Prates Mansions, São Paulo File:Palácio Tiradentes 2.JPG, Tiradentes Palace, Rio de Janeiro File:Palacete Helvetia 11.jpg, Helvetia Palace, São Paulo File:Edifício Alexandre Mackenzie 34.jpg, Alexandre Mackenzie Building, São Paulo

=Beaux-Arts buildings in Brazil

= * 1858: ,

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...

* 1890–1894: , São Paulo * 1896–1899: * 1903–1911: Municipal Theater of São Paulo * 1909: ,

Santos, São Paulo Santos (, ''Saints'') is a municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Brás Cubas. It is located mostly on the island of São Vicente, which harbors both the city of Santos and the city of Sã ...

* 1910: , São Paulo * 1911: * 1922–1926: Tiradentes Palace,

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of the same name, Brazil's List of Brazilian states by population, third-most populous state, and the List of largest citi ...

* 1923: , São Paulo * 1926–1929: , São Paulo * Artemis Hotel, São Paulo * Banco de São Paulo Building, São Paulo * Hôtel de La Rotisserie Sportsman, São Paulo * Mococa Building, São Paulo

Colombia

File:Av. Jiménez Palacio de San Francisco.JPG, Palacio de San Francisco, Bogotá File:CapitolioNacionalDeColombia2004-7.jpg, Capitolio nacional, Bogotá File:Palacio Echeverry 1.jpg, Palacio Echeverri, Bogotá File:Nariño BOGOTÁ - COLOMBIA.jpg, Casa de Nariño, Bogotá File:Bogotá Museo de la Policía.JPG, Museo de la Policía, Bogotá File:TeatroColon.jpg, Teatro Colón, Bogotá File:Bquilla - 17 ago 2007 200.jpg, Banco Dugand, Barranquilla File:Barranquilla Edificio Administración Aduana.jpg, Antigua Aduana, Barranquilla

Peru

File:Club Nacional en Lima.JPG, Club Nacional, Lima File:Casa Roosevelt o Edificio Rímac.jpg, Edificio Rímac, Lima File:Palacio Legislativo of Peru.jpg, Palacio Legislativo del Perú, Lima

=Beaux-Arts buildings in Peru

= *1855: Club Nacional,

Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of t ...

*1906–1939: Legislative Palace, Lima *1919–1924: Edificio Rímac, Lima

Africa

Mozambique

File:Mercado Municipal (4107187974).jpg, Mercado Municipal, Maputo File:TT CMZ-AF-GT E 2-1 8 6 - Casa Benoliel.jpg, Banco da Beira File:TT CMZ-AF-GT E 2-1 14 11 - Casa Infante de Sagres vista do Chiveve.jpg, Casa Infante de Sagres, Beira File:TT CMZ-AF-GT E 2-1 4 55 - Edificio do Almoxarifado.jpg, Edifício do Almoxarifado, Beira File:TT CMZ-AF-GT E 2-1 9 34 - Escola de Artes e Ofícios.jpg, Escola de Artes e Ofícios, Beira File:TT CMZ-AF-GT E 2-1 10 46 - Grémio dos Empregados da Companhia de Moçambique.jpg, Palácio dos Desportos, Beira File:TT CMZ-AF-GT E 2-1 10 50 - Edifício do Standard Bank.jpg, Standard Bank Building, Beira File:TT CMZ-AF-GT E 2-1 9 22 - Edifício do Tribunal.jpg, Tribunal da Beira

=Beaux-Arts buildings in Mozambique

= * 1901?: Municipal Market, Maputo * 1933:

Gil Vicente Gil Vicente (; c. 1465c. 1536), called the Trobadour, was a Portuguese playwright and poet who acted in and directed his own plays. Considered the chief dramatist of Portugal he is sometimes called the "Portuguese Plautus," often re ...

Theater, Maputo * Banco da Beira, Beira * Casa Ana, Beira * Casa Infante de Sagres, Beira * Edifício do Almoxarifado, Beira * Escola de Artes e Ofícios, Beira * Palácio dos Desportos, Beira * Standard Bank Building, Beira * Tribunal da Beira

Asia

Japan

File:Kobe yusen bld02 1920.jpg, Kobe Yusen Building, Kobe File:Mitsui Main Building 2009.jpg, Mitsui Main Building, Tokyo File:Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company Head Office 2016.jpg, Meiji Life Insurance Building, Tokyo

=Beaux-Arts buildings in Japan

= *1918: Kobe Yusen Building,

Kobe Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, w ...

*1926–1929: Mitsui Main Building,

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...

*1930–1934: Meiji Life Insurance Building, Tokyo * Yokohama Yusen Building

Philippines

File:Central facade of the Legislative Building.jpg, Legislative building File:China Banking Corporation Building (Binondo).jpg, China bank Manila File:Regina Building Main Corner Facade.jpg, Regina Building, Manila File:Thomasian.jpg, University of Santo Tomas Main Building, Manila File:Nelly Garden.jpg, Lopez Mansion Iloilo File:0235jfSanta Cruz Escolta Binondo Streets Manila Heritage Landmarksfvf 02.JPG, Calvo Building, Manila File:Cebu Capitol Compund.jpg, Cebu Capitol File:El Hogar building Manila.jpg, El Hogar File:Mailajf9457 26.JPG, Don Roman Santos Building

=Beaux-Arts buildings in Philippines

= *1914: El Hogar Filipino Building,

Escolta Escolta Street (lit: Escort) is a historic east–west street located in the old downtown district of Binondo in Manila, Philippines. It runs parallel to the Pasig River, from Plaza Santa Cruz to Plaza Moraga and Quintin Paredes Street. The str ...

Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital city, capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is Cities of the Philippines#Independent cities, highly urbanize ...

*1915: Regina Building, Escolta, Manila *1919:

Jones Bridge The William A. Jones Memorial Bridge, commonly known as the Jones Bridge, is an arched girder bridge that spans the Pasig River in the City of Manila, Philippines. It is named after the United States legislator William Atkinson Jones, who serv ...

, Ermita and Binondo, Manila *1919: Luneta Hotel, Ermita, Manila *1924–1927: University of Santo Tomas Main Building, Sampaloc, Manila *1928: Natividad Building, Escolta, Manila *1938:

Calvo Building The Calvo Building is a historic building along no. 266 Escolta corner Soda Streets, Binondo, Manila, Philippines. Built in 1938, it is an outstanding example of beaux-arts architecture. It served as the home of the radio station DZBB-AM before ...

, Escolta, Manila *

Juan Luna Building Juan Luna Building (also known as the Juan Luna Plaza) is a historic building located in Binondo, Manila, Philippines. It was also known as the Pacific Commercial Company Building, First National City Bank Building, and the Ayala Building. History ...

*1919 Grand Cafe building Manila * Natalio Enriquez Mansion, Sariaya, Quezon * Filipinas Insurance co. building * Lizares Mansion, Iloilo City *

National Museum of Anthropology (Manila) The National Museum of Anthropology ( fil, Pambansang Museo ng Antropolohiya), formerly known as the Museum of the Filipino People ( fil, Museo ng Lahing Filipino), is a component museum of the National Museum of the Philippines which houses Ethnol ...

* National Museum of Natural History (Manila) *

Manila City Hall The Manila City Hall ( fil, Bulwagan ng Lungsod ng Maynila) is the official seat of government of the City of Manila, located in the historic center of Ermita, Manila. It is where the Mayor of Manila holds office and the chambers of the Mani ...

* Manila Post office * Lingayen capitol * Negros Occidental capitol * Philippine General Hospital * 1911 Nurse's home, Philippine General hospital * Philippine Women's University * 1920 - La Salle Hall * 1916 Aduana de Iloilo * Batangas capitol * Sorsogon provincial capitol * Rizal Hall Manila * Casa Boix, Quiapo, Manila * Trinidad ancestral house, Iba, Zambales * Gawas harigi house, Carigara, Leyte

Oceania

Australia

File:Melbourne Flinders St. Station.jpg,

Flinders Street railway station Flinders Street railway station is a train station located on the corner of Flinders Street, Melbourne, Flinders and Swanston Street, Swanston streets in the Melbourne city centre, central business district (CBD) of Melbourne, Victoria (Austral ...

, Melbourne File:Perth CBD 200520 gnangarra-111.jpg, General Post Office, Perth File:(1)Commonwealth Bank Sydney-1.jpg, State Savings Bank building, Sydney File:Bank of New South Wales building seen from Reddacliff Place, Brisbane.jpg, Bank of New South Wales building, Brisbane Several Australian cities have some significant examples of the style. It was typically applied to large, solid-looking public office buildings and banks, particularly during the 1920s.

=Beaux-Arts buildings in Australia

= *1900–1910:

Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/ Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a me ...

*1914–1923:

General Post Office The General Post Office (GPO) was the state mail, postal system and telecommunications carrier of the United Kingdom until 1969. Before the Acts of Union 1707, it was the postal system of the Kingdom of England, established by Charles II of En ...

building, Forrest Place,

Perth Perth is the list of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the Australian states and territories of Australia, state of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth most populous city in Aust ...

*1916: Perpetual Trustee Company Limited, Hunter Street, Sydney *1917: Former Mail Exchange Building, Melbourne *1920: National Theatre, Melbourne *1925–1928: Commonwealth Bank building, Martin Place, Sydney *1926: Argus Building, La Trobe Street,

*1927: Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy, Melbourne *1928–1930:

Bank of New South Wales building The Head Office building of The Bank of New South Wales was designed by prolific Melbourne architect Joseph Reed and constructed at 368–374 Collins St, Melbourne, in 1856–1857. Reed was awarded first prize, worth £75, in the Bank of New So ...

, Elizabeth Street, Brisbane *1928: Port Authority building, Melbourne *1928: Herald & Weekly Times Building, Flinders Street, Melbourne *1933: Commonwealth Bank building, Forrest Place, Perth

New Zealand

File:Auckland Old Railway Station.jpg, Former Auckland railway station,

Auckland Auckland (pronounced ) ( mi, Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. The most populous urban area in the country and the fifth largest city in Oceania, Auckland has an urban population of about I ...

=Beaux-Arts buildings in New Zealand

= *1928–1930: Auckland railway station,

References

Bibliography

* *a ddi

External links

New York architecture images, Beaux-Arts gallery

* ttp://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Hallidie_Building.html Hallidie Building {{DEFAULTSORT:Beaux-Arts Architecture Architectural styles Neoclassical architecture Neoclassical movements Revival architectural styles 19th-century architectural styles 20th-century architectural styles