Bayān ibn Samʿān at-Tamīmī an-Nāhdī (

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

: بيان بن سمعان التميمي النهدي) was the founder of the 8th-century Bayaniyya sect of

Shi'a Islam Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood ...

, as well as a claimant to prophethood. He was also the first to spread the idea of

Quranic createdness In Islamic theology, ''createdness of the Qurʾān'' (خلق القرآن, kḫalq al-qurʾān) is the doctrinal position that the Quran was created rather than having always existed and thus being "uncreated." One of the main areas of debate in ...

Teachings

According to the

Shi'ite Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood to ...

theologian

Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Musa al-Nawbakhti Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan b Mūsā an-Nawbakhtī (; born late 9th century and died between 912 and 922) was a Persian and leading Shī'ī theologian and philosopher in the first half of the 10th century. The Nawbakhtī family boasted a number ...

, Bayan ibn Sam'an was a Shi'ite of the

Ghulat The () were a branch of history of Shia Islam, early Shi'a Islam. The term mainly refers to a wide variety of List of extinct Shia sects, extinct Shi'i sects active in 8th- and 9th-century Kufa in Lower Mesopotamia, and who, despite their somet ...

who supported

Abu Hashim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya () (died 98 AH; 716 CE), also known as Abū Hāshim was a member of the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca. He was one of the Salaf and a narrator of hadith. After Muhammad ibn al-Han ...

as a rightful caliph, but later claimed prophethood after Abu Hashim died. Bayan ibn Sam'an was also a supporter of the idea of

and was considered as one of the first people to have propagated the idea widely. These theological virtues regarding the

Qur'an The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God ('' Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides ...

served as the basis for the theology of

al-Ja'd ibn Dirham al-Ja'd ibn Dirham () was an 8th-century Muslim theologian who promoted the idea of Quranic createdness. He was also the personal tutor of the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II. Relations with the Umayyad state The Umayyad prince Muhammad ibn Mar ...

and later

Jahm ibn Safwan Jahm bin Safwan () was an Islamic theologian of the Umayyad period and whose name has given rise to the Jahmiyya moniker. During his lifetime, he attached himself to the rebel leader Al-Harith ibn Surayj, a dissident in Khurasan. He was execut ...

of the

Jahmi Jahmiyya is a term used by Islamic scholars to refer to the followers of the doctrines of Jahm bin Safwan (d. 128/746). The Jahmiyya particularly came to be remembered for advocating for the denial or negation of God's divine attributes (known as ...

group. Bayan ibn Sam'an is considered to have been the founder of the 8th-century Bayaniyya sect of

Shi'ism, which is now counted amongst the extinct Shi'a sects.

Death

Bayan ibn Sam'an was executed for his beliefs, which the majority of the Muslim scholars considered to be heretical at the time. His execution was performed by the governor of Iraq,

Khalid al-Qasri Khālid ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Qasrī (; died 743) was an Arab who served the Umayyad Caliphate as governor of Mecca in the 8th century and of Iraq from 724 until 738. The latter post, entailing as it did control over the entire eastern Caliphate, mad ...

Kufa Kufa ( ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates, Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Along with Samarra, Karbala, Kadhimiya ...

in the year 737. It is narrated in ''Bihar al-Anwar'' that Bayan ibn Sam'an was set on fire, resulting in him being burnt to death.

References

{{reflist 8th-century executions by the Umayyad Caliphate 8th-century deaths 730s deaths

Teachings

Death

See also

References