Bassett-Lowke
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Bassett-Lowke was an English toy manufacturing company based in
Northampton Northampton ( ) is a town and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is the county town of Northamptonshire and the administrative centre of the Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority of West Northamptonshire. The town is sit ...
. Founded by Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke in 1898 or 1899, the company specialized in
model railways Railway modelling (UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland) or model railroading (US and Canada) is a hobby in which rail transport systems are Model building, modelled at a reduced Scale (ratio), scale. The scale models include locomotives ...
, boats and ships, and construction sets. Bassett-Lowke started as a
mail-order Mail order is the buying of goods or services by mail delivery. The buyer places an order for the desired products with the merchant through some remote methods such as: * Sending an order form in the mail * Placing an order by telephone call ...
business, although it designed and manufactured some items. The company closed in 1965, with its rights to brand acquired by
Corgi Toys Corgi Toys (trademark) is the brand name of a range of die-cast toy vehicles created by Mettoy and currently owned by Hornby Railways, Hornby,Hornby in 2008, it secured rights to the ''Bassett-Lowke'' brand, which is still commercialising.


Overview

Bassett-Lowke was a sales organization, contracting manufacturers such as Twining Models and Winteringham Ltd, also of Northampton. Until
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, the company also carried models made by
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and
Märklin Gebr. Märklin & Cie. GmbH or Märklin (stylized as ma̋rklín) (MÄRKLIN or MAERKLIN in capital letters) is a German toy company. The company was founded in 1859 and is based at Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg. Although it originally specialis ...
.


Today

The name Bassett-Lowke is mostly associated with model trains but the company also had a long history of contracting skilled craftsmen to make 100 ft. to 1 inch or 1/1200 scale military and civilian waterline ship models out of wood and wire. These detailed hand crafted waterline ship models are so highly desired by ship model collectors that they often command higher prices than the Bassett-Lowke model trains. Something that is not well known is that Bassett-Lowke also sold less detailed waterline models cast in white metal. Roland Fuller on page 49 of his book, "The Bassett-Lowke Story", states that in the London Bassett-Lowke store on High Holborn St. there was such a demand for the hand-made waterline 100 ft. to 1 inch scale wooden ship models that the company had to make available to its customers a less expensive line of waterline ship models, cast in white metal, to meet the demand. The name of the casting company supplying these inexpensive white metal ship models for Bassett-Lowke customers was Brighton Manufacturing Company, a company using the initials B.M.C. to identify their products. The B.M.C. Company was located at 32 Great St Helens, London, England. This metal casting company was a neighbor to Bassett-Lowke, its store being within walking distance from the Bassett-Lowke shop located on High Holborn St. Roland Fuller describes in extensive detail the range of inexpensive metal ships offered to Bassett-Lowke customers. He states the metal ship models could be purchased individually or could be purchased in numbered boxed sets. Illustrations of these same metal waterline ship models appear in a book by Derek Head. On pages 11 and 15 In his book "Bassett-Lowke Waterline Ship Models", Mr. Head provides excerpts of a few pages of the Bassett-Lowke war time catalog. These excerpted catalog pages contain illustrations of metal ship models sold in numbered boxed sets matching the exact description of the numbered boxed sets of metal ship models described in the Roland Fuller book. The presence of these metal ship models in the Bassett-Lowke war time model ship catalog can be explained by the following: Derek Head describes on page 11 of his book that at beginning of World War One, government censors prohibited Bassett-Lowke from selling or advertising their line of detailed 100 ft. to 1 inch or 1/1200 scale models of the Royal Navy. The concern of the censors was that the accuracy of these detailed models could give vital information to the enemy. In order to have some representation of the Royal Navy for their war time catalog, Bassett-Lowke replaced their prohibited Royal Navy models by purchasing the less detailed metal ship models of the Royal Navy made by the neighboring company, B.M.C. These metal B.M.C. models while detailed, had their origins as game models and were therefore less accurate depictions of Royal Navy Warships. This lack of sharp detail was apparently found acceptable to the government censors and therefore they were allowed to appear in the catalog. The resulting model fleet in metal carried in the Bassett-Lowke war time catalogue was of every class of ship in the British navy then in commission as of 1914. The models found in the collection range from the early 1889 Royal Sovereign class Pre-Dreadnoughts, some of which had been retained by the navy as bombardment ships, through to eventually the newest Revenge class Super-Dreadnoughts which had just come into service. The 1917 Bassett-Lowke catalogue proudly boasts that "Practically every ship in the Navy has been modelled, including Super-Dreadnoughts, Battleships, Battle Cruisers, Armoured Cruisers, Light Cruisers, Destroyers, Torpedo Boats, Submarines, Mine Layers, Mine Sweepers, Troopships, Transports, Armed Liners and all Auxiliary Craft". The models were formed in lead with the wire masts cast into the hulls in a scale of one inch to 150 feet or 1/1800. They were painted and issued in numbered boxed sets by Bassett-Lowke, the boxes bearing the label “H.M.S. Irresistible”. Paper flags were supplied with each set, to be cut out and applied to the masts and sternposts. Every class of vessel was easily recognizable by the funnels, guns and masts. While rudimentary by later standards, the B.M.C. production of over 101 different castings was the first scale metal ship model fleet ever produced and established the precedent for all subsequent scale metal waterline recognition ship models. In addition to the ship models, B.M.C. produced a fort with movable guns, four lighthouses and a game featuring a large fold-out map of the Dardanelles channel showing forts and minefields. The game was supplied with fifteen metal ship models including two mine sweepers and two submarines This collaboration between Bassett-Lowke and B.M.C. was a great benefit to both companies. It allowed Bassett-Lowke to have a representation of the Royal Navy in their war time catalogue that was acceptable to the government censors and at the same time it gave the small metal casting company of B.M.C. a broader venue for the sales of their metal ship models. In the time period of the First World War, these metal B.M.C. ship models were the only examples of waterline warship models of the Royal Navy sold by Bassett-Lowke and are therefore deserving of a more detailed review than has normally been accorded to them. The B.M.C. waterline ship models had been cast by an independent company which had been selling their metal waterline ship models for over 10 years through advertisement and through shops specializing in military miniatures. Early in the century this small company had begun supplying lead waterline game models to the publishers of the Fred T. Janes Naval War Game, supplementing the pressed cork and wire waterline game models already being supplied to the game by others. The accomplishment of B.M.C. is that this garage sized company had, by 1903 begun the creation of the first commercially available metal waterline ship models made in a uniform scale to each other. B.M.C. SHIP MODELS AVAILABLE TODAY The B.M.C. ship models often appear for sale on internet auctions and at toy shows. Many times at these sales the B.M.C. models are found mixed with copies made by two later companies. The B.M.C. models can be distinguished from the copies since only the B.M.C. models have full-length wire masts cast into the hulls. The first type of copies are 31 models made by "Minifigs" These are cast in solid lead, have no wire masts and have large numbers inscribed on the bottom. The second type of copies comprise a group of four models made by Crescent which are cast in pot metal. They have numbers near the starboard stern numbering B.1, B.2, B.3, or B.4. Curiously, these pot-metal models retain the same numbering system that is cast into the hulls of the four B.M.C models from which they were derived. These Crescent copies mimic the B.M.C. castings of the B.I Duncan, B.II Swiftsure, B.III King Edward VII, and the B.IV Lord Nelson. It is unknown when Bassett-Lowke ceased carrying the B.M.C metal ship models, however Derek Head in his book on page 12, states that metal ship models continued to be carried until the 1920’s. In the present day, the larger highly accurate wood and wire ship models in the scale of one inch to 1200 inches or 1:1200, is are what command the high prices at auction. These hand crafted ship models continued to be sold commercially until the mid1960's and had also been purchased by the military for recognition and war gaming purpose. Unlike the B.M.C. metal models, which were carried only briefly by Bassett-Lowke in the early years and are a mystery to most collectors, the larger highly finished 100 to 1 inch or 1/1200 scale wooden ship models are greatly sought after by collectors and command high prices at auctions. The Derek Head book, "Bassett-Lowke Waterline Ship Models" will reward ship model collectors with an extensive and colorful survey of both the metal B.M.C. ships and the expensive, detailed, hand-crafted ship models, many from his own collection.


Model Trains

Bassett-Lowke produced trains from 15-inch (381 mm) gauge
live steam Live steam is steam under pressure, obtained by heating water in a boiler. The steam may be used to operate stationary or moving equipment. A live steam machine or device is one powered by steam, but the term is usually reserved for those th ...
models to Gauge 2, Gauge 1 and 0 gauge trains. The first 15-inch steam locomotive, test run on the Eaton Hall Railway in 1905, was ''Little Giant''. Unlike other engines on the line, it was a replica of main-line locos, built for a public miniature railway at
Blackpool Blackpool is a seaside town in Lancashire, England. It is located on the Irish Sea coast of the Fylde peninsula, approximately north of Liverpool and west of Preston, Lancashire, Preston. It is the main settlement in the Borough of Blackpool ...
. It was a quarter-scale 4-4-2 "Atlantic" tender engine, though not an exact copy of any particular prototype. That engine still exists in private ownership. In 1909, along with Henry Greenly, W.J. Bassett-Lowke started and edited Model Railways and Locomotives Magazine. In 1914, Bassett-Lowke produced the second "Pacific"
4-6-2 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The locomoti ...
of any size built in Britain (the first was GWR 111 ''The Great Bear''). That was ''John Anthony'', built for a miniature railway at Staughton Manor,
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. It was never delivered, but after storage at Eaton Hall during
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, was sold to the
Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway The Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway is a minimum-gauge railway, minimum-gauge heritage railway in Cumbria, England. The line runs from Ravenglass to Dalegarth for Boot railway station, Dalegarth Station near Boot, Cumbria, Boot in the valley o ...
and renamed ''Colossus.'' It was scrapped in 1927. Ravenglass and Eskdale had purchased another Bassett-Lowke Atlantic, the ''Sans Pareil''. In the 1920s, Bassett-Lowke introduced
00 gauge OO gauge or OO scale (also, 00 gauge and 00 scale) is the most popular Standard-gauge railway, standard gauge model railway standard in the United Kingdom, outside of which it is virtually unknown. OO gauge is one of several 4 mm scale, 4 mm-sca ...
products. The company provided custom-built railways, and one such gauge 1 layout survives in modified format at Bekonscot Model Village in England. In 1939, Bassett-Lowke was tasked with producing a working model of Churchill's trench-digging
tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engine; ...
known as Cultivator No. 6. Bassett-Lowke's decline, starting in the late 1950s, can be blamed on at least two factors: people would browse the firm's free catalogue and buy similar or nearly identical items elsewhere at lower price; and the interest in technical toys declined in the late 1950s and even more in the 1960s. Bassett-Lowke's fall was mirrored by its U.S. counterparts, the A. C. Gilbert Company and
Lionel Corporation Lionel Corporation was an American toy manufacturer and holding company of retailers that was founded in 1900 and operated for more than 120 years. It started as an electrical novelties company. Lionel specialized in various products throughout ...
. In 1964, the company ceased retail sales and sold its shops, including one at
High Holborn High Holborn ( ) is a street in Holborn and Farringdon Without, Central London, which forms a part of the A40 route from London to Fishguard. It starts in the west at the eastern end of St Giles High Street and runs past the Kingsway and ...
in London, to Beatties. Bassett-Lowke went out of business in 1965. In 1966, the company was acquired by Messrs Riley and Derry. Around 1969, Ivan Rutherford Scott, Allen L. Levy and Roland H. Fuller apparently made an effort to revive the model railway business. In the late 1980s, Nigel Turner, a
Northampton Northampton ( ) is a town and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is the county town of Northamptonshire and the administrative centre of the Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority of West Northamptonshire. The town is sit ...
businessman, bought the business and based it next to his business, Turner's Musical Merry-Go-Round, near
Wootton, Northamptonshire Wootton is a former village about south of Northampton town centre that is now part of Northampton. Wootton is separated from Hardingstone by the Newport Pagnell Road the B526, formerly part of the A50 road. Part of Wootton is alongside the ...
. In 1993, the name was revived with short-run white-metal models. These included a Burrell-type
traction engine A traction engine is a steam engine, steam-powered tractor used to move heavy loads on roads, plough ground or to provide power at a chosen location. The name derives from the Latin ''tractus'', meaning 'drawn', since the prime function of any ...
, Clayton undertype
steam wagon A steam wagon (or steam lorry, steam waggon or steamtruck) is a Steam power, steam-powered truck for carrying freight. It was the earliest form of lorry (truck) and came in two basic forms: ''overtype'' and ''undertype'', the distinction being t ...
, Burrell-type steam roller, and a London B-type bus. The name was acquired in 1996 by
Corgi The Welsh Corgi ( or Corgi, plural Corgis, or occasionally the etymologically consistent Corgwn; ) is a small Dog type, type of herding dog that originated in Wales. The name ''corgi'' is thought to be derived from the Welsh language, Welsh w ...
, which linked it with live steam 0-gauge locomotives. Key competitors to Bassett-Lowke were Hornby and Exley. Hornby acquired
Corgi The Welsh Corgi ( or Corgi, plural Corgis, or occasionally the etymologically consistent Corgwn; ) is a small Dog type, type of herding dog that originated in Wales. The name ''corgi'' is thought to be derived from the Welsh language, Welsh w ...
in 2008 and originally continued to make the 0 gauge models before later discontinuing them. The brand name was revived by them in 2020 for a range of 00 scale
steampunk Steampunk is a subgenre of science fiction that incorporates retrofuturistic technology and Applied arts, aesthetics inspired by, but not limited to, 19th-century Industrial Revolution, industrial steam engine, steam-powered machinery. Steampun ...
models based on existing Hornby toolings.


Narrow Gauge Railways Ltd

In 1912 W. J. Bassett-Lowke, Robert Proctor-Mitchell and John Wills set up ''Narrow Gauge Railways Ltd'' (NGR) to promote and run railways. An earlier company, Miniature Railways of Great Britain Ltd, went into voluntary
liquidation Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a Company (law), company is brought to an end. The assets and property of the business are redistributed. When a firm has been liquidated, it is sometimes referred to as :wikt:wind up#Noun, w ...
in 1912. NGR's first railway opened in 1912 at Luna Park in the Parc des Eaux Vives,
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, Switzerland. In Britain, the
Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway The Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway is a minimum-gauge railway, minimum-gauge heritage railway in Cumbria, England. The line runs from Ravenglass to Dalegarth for Boot railway station, Dalegarth Station near Boot, Cumbria, Boot in the valley o ...
was taken over, converted to gauge and re-opened in 1915. The
Fairbourne Railway The Fairbourne Railway () is a gauge Ridable miniature railway, miniature railway running for from the village of Fairbourne on the Mid-Wales coast, alongside the beach to the end of a peninsula at Barmouth Ferry railway station, where there ...
in Wales followed in 1916.


Hornby

The Bassett-Lowke name was purchased by
Corgi The Welsh Corgi ( or Corgi, plural Corgis, or occasionally the etymologically consistent Corgwn; ) is a small Dog type, type of herding dog that originated in Wales. The name ''corgi'' is thought to be derived from the Welsh language, Welsh w ...
after the company dissolved in 1965, who used it for Corgi Classics. Corgi (and the Bassett-Lowke brand) was bought by Hornby in 2008 who used it for traditional sheet metal railway models. In 2020 Bassett-Lowke branding was used by Hornby to launch a range of
steampunk Steampunk is a subgenre of science fiction that incorporates retrofuturistic technology and Applied arts, aesthetics inspired by, but not limited to, 19th-century Industrial Revolution, industrial steam engine, steam-powered machinery. Steampun ...
inspired railway models. In 2021 brick-based construction models with steampunk themes were released under the Bassett-Lowke branding as the 'brickpunk' range aimed at both children and adults.


Locomotives

Bassett-Lowke locomotives were often renamed when moved to different railways, sometimes creating uncertainty about whether a locomotive is new or an old one with a new name. The list (probably incomplete) is not definitive. Most of Bassett-Lowke's locomotives were designed by Henry Greenly who was a contributor to Model Engineer magazine. Model Engineer magazine 3810 (1987)


Class 10 Atlantic

* ''Little Giant'' (10) for
Blackpool Blackpool is a seaside town in Lancashire, England. It is located on the Irish Sea coast of the Fylde peninsula, approximately north of Liverpool and west of Preston, Lancashire, Preston. It is the main settlement in the Borough of Blackpool ...
later renamed and numbered to Baby Bunce (14) * ''Mighty Atom'' (11) for Sutton Miniature Railway was later renamed Ville De Nancy * ''Entente Cordiale'' (12) for the 1909 Exposition Internationale de l'Est de France in Nancy only loco which has an unknown fate. * ''Red Dragon'' (15) for the Imperial International Exhibition of 1909 at
White City, London White City is a district of London, England, in the northern part of Shepherd's Bush in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross. White City is home to Television Centre, White City P ...
* ''Green Dragon'' (16) for the Imperial International Exhibition of 1909 at
White City, London White City is a district of London, England, in the northern part of Shepherd's Bush in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross. White City is home to Television Centre, White City P ...
renamed ''George the Fifth (18) later sold to the Lakeside Miniature Railway'' * ''King Edward'' for the 1910 International and Universal Exhibition in
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, Belgium * ''King Albert'' for the 1910 International and Universal Exhibition in
Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...
, Belgium * ''King Leopold'' for the 1910 International and Universal Exhibition in
Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...
, Belgium * ''Hungaria'' (No. 19) built in 1912 originally for Luna Park
Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...
, Switzerland, then taken to Vidámpark (Amusement Park),
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, Hungary in 1914. Boiler changed in 1952, withdrawn in 1974, taken to a scrapyard but saved by the Transport Museum. Currently displayed in Zánkafürdő Railway Station,
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
.


Class 20 Atlantic

* ''Prince Edward of Wales'' for
Fairbourne Railway The Fairbourne Railway () is a gauge Ridable miniature railway, miniature railway running for from the village of Fairbourne on the Mid-Wales coast, alongside the beach to the end of a peninsula at Barmouth Ferry railway station, where there ...
* ''Prince of Wales'' for Lakeside Miniature Railway


Class 30 Atlantic

* ''Synolda'' for Sand Hutton Miniature Railway, then to
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, later
Southend-on-Sea Southend-on-Sea (), commonly referred to as Southend (), is a coastal city and unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area with Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough status in south-eastern Essex, England. It lies on the nor ...
, currently
Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway The Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway is a minimum-gauge railway, minimum-gauge heritage railway in Cumbria, England. The line runs from Ravenglass to Dalegarth for Boot railway station, Dalegarth Station near Boot, Cumbria, Boot in the valley o ...
. * ''Sans Pareil'' for Luna Park,
Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...
, Switzerland, then to
Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway The Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway is a minimum-gauge railway, minimum-gauge heritage railway in Cumbria, England. The line runs from Ravenglass to Dalegarth for Boot railway station, Dalegarth Station near Boot, Cumbria, Boot in the valley o ...
. * ''Count Louis'' for Count Louis Zborowski, then to
Fairbourne Railway The Fairbourne Railway () is a gauge Ridable miniature railway, miniature railway running for from the village of Fairbourne on the Mid-Wales coast, alongside the beach to the end of a peninsula at Barmouth Ferry railway station, where there ...
. then to
Evesham Vale Light Railway The Valley Railway Adventure (formerly the Evesham Vale Light Railway) is a Minimum-gauge railway, gauge railway that operates in Evesham Country Park in Worcestershire, England. Route The railway operates over a total distance of just over , ...
and now (2019) tours railways around the UK.


Class 60 Pacific

* ''John Anthony'' for J.E.P. Howey, then (renamed ''Colossus'') to
Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway The Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway is a minimum-gauge railway, minimum-gauge heritage railway in Cumbria, England. The line runs from Ravenglass to Dalegarth for Boot railway station, Dalegarth Station near Boot, Cumbria, Boot in the valley o ...
. The Class 10 and Class 20 had narrow fireboxes. The Class 30 and Class 60 had wide fireboxes.


Literature


Model Railway and Engineering Catalogue
Bassett-Lowke Ltd., Northampton 1961, Online viewable i
Internet-Archiv


See also

* Model Engineer magazine *
Minimum-gauge railway Minimum-gauge railways are railways with track gauges smaller than those of narrow-gauge railways, primarily designed for light, industrial, or tourist transportation. The most common gauges for minimum-gauge railways include: * * * * * ...
*
Ridable miniature railway A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by diesel or pet ...
*
Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway (RH&DR) is a gauge light railway in Kent, England, operating steam and internal combustion locomotives. The line runs from the Cinque Port of Hythe via Dymchurch, St. Mary's Bay, New Romney and Romn ...
*
Live steam Live steam is steam under pressure, obtained by heating water in a boiler. The steam may be used to operate stationary or moving equipment. A live steam machine or device is one powered by steam, but the term is usually reserved for those th ...


References

*Derick Head "Bassett-Lowke Waterline Ship Models", New Cavendish Books; * Fuller, Roland; Levy Allen "The Bassett-Lowke Story", New Cavendish, / 9780904568349 * Mosley, D. and van Zeller, P. (1986) ''Fifteen inch gauge railways : their history, equipment and operation'', Newton Abbot : David & Charles, *


External links

*
Bassett-Lowke Society

Lickey Incline Preserved Rail Resources

Acetrains.co.uk

Bassett-Lowke collection, Brighton Toy and Model Museum


{{Authority control Hornby Railways Model railroad manufacturers Toy train manufacturers 15 in gauge railways Locomotive manufacturers of the United Kingdom Fairbourne Railway Companies based in Northampton Model manufacturers of the United Kingdom