Bangalore Fort began in 1537 as a mud fort. The builder was
Kempe Gowda I
Kempe Gowda I (27 June 1510 – 1569) locally venerated as Nadaprabhu Kempe Gowda, or commonly known as Kempe Gowda, was a governor under the Vijayanagara Empire in History of India, early-modern India. He is famous for the development of Beng ...
, a vassal of the
Vijaynagar Empire
The Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnata Kingdom, was a late medieval Hinduism, Hindu empire that ruled much of southern India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty, belongi ...
and the founder of
Bangalore
Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...
. King
Hyder Ali
Hyder Ali (''Haidar'alī''; ; 1720 – 7 December 1782) was the Sultan and ''de facto'' ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born as Hyder Ali, he distinguished himself as a soldier, eventually drawing the attention of Mysore's ...
in 1761 replaced the mud fort with a stone fort and it was further improved by his son King
Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan (, , ''Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu''; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799) commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery ...
in the late 18th century. Though damaged during an Anglo-Mysore war in 1791, it still remains a good example of 18th-century military fortification. The army of the
British East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...
, led by
Lord Cornwallis
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (31 December 1738 – 5 October 1805) was a British Army officer, Whigs (British political party), Whig politician and colonial administrator. In the United States and United Kingdom, he is best kn ...
on 21 March 1791 captured the fort in the
siege of Bangalore during the
Third Mysore War (1790–1792). At the time the fort was a stronghold for King
Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan (, , ''Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu''; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799) commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery ...
. Today, the fort's Delhi gate, on
Krishnarajendra Road, and two bastions are the primary remains of the fort. A marble plaque commemorates the spot where the British breached the fort's wall, leading to its capture. The old fort area also includes King
Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, and his armoury. The fort provided the setting for the treasure hunt in the book
Riddle of the Seventh Stone.
History
The confirmed history of the Bangalore Fort is traced to 1537, when
Kempe Gowda I
Kempe Gowda I (27 June 1510 – 1569) locally venerated as Nadaprabhu Kempe Gowda, or commonly known as Kempe Gowda, was a governor under the Vijayanagara Empire in History of India, early-modern India. He is famous for the development of Beng ...
(pictured), a chieftain of the
Vijayanagara Empire
The Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnata Kingdom, was a late medieval Hinduism, Hindu empire that ruled much of southern India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty, belongi ...
, widely held as the founder of modern Bangalore, built a mud fort and established the area around it as
Bengaluru Pete, his capital.

Kempe Gowda I, who showed remarkable qualities of leadership from childhood, had a grand vision to build a new city. This intention was further fueled by his visits to
Hampi
Hampi or Hampe (), also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the town of Hampi in Vijayanagara district, east-central Karnataka, India. Hampi predates the Vijayanagara Empire; it is menti ...
, now a
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
heritage city, then the beautiful capital city of the
Vijayanagar Empire
The Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnata Kingdom, was a late medieval Hindu empire that ruled much of southern India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty, belonging to ...
. He persevered with his vision and got permission from King Achutaraya, the ruler of the empire, to build a new city for himself. The King gifted 12 hoblis (revenue subdivisions) with an annual income of 30,000 varahas (
gold coin
A gold coin is a coin that is made mostly or entirely of gold. Most gold coins minted since 1800 are 90–92% gold (22fineness#Karat, karat), while most of today's gold bullion coins are pure gold, such as the Britannia (coin), Britannia, Canad ...
s) to Kempe Gowda to meet the expenses of his venture of building a new city.
Kempe Gowda moved from his ancestral land of Yelahanka
Yelahanka is a premium locality in North Bangalore and also a Taluk of Bangalore Urban district in the Indian state of Karnataka. One of the zones of BBMP. It is the oldest part of present Municipal Bengaluru (Bangalore) city and the northe ...
to establish his new principality
A principality (or sometimes princedom) is a type of monarchy, monarchical state or feudalism, feudal territory ruled by a prince or princess. It can be either a sovereign state or a constituent part of a larger political entity. The term "prin ...
, having obtained support from King Achutaraya. One version for the site selection process for the fort and the Bengaluru Pete is that during a hunting expedition along with his Advisor Gidde Gowda, Kempe Gowda went westward of Yelahanka and reached a village called Shivasamudra (near Hesaraghatta
Hesaraghatta Lake is a humanmade reservoir located 18 km to the north-west of Bengaluru in Karnataka state, India. It is a fresh water lake created in the year 1894 across the Arkavathy River to meet the drinking water needs of the city. Si ...
), some from Yelahanka where, in a tranquil atmosphere under a tree, he visualized building a suitable capital city with a fort, a cantonment, tanks (water reservoirs) and temples for people of all trades and professions. It is also said that an omen
An omen (also called ''portent'') is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change. It was commonly believed in ancient history, and still believed by some today, that omens bring divine messages ...
of an uncommon event of a hare
Hares and jackrabbits are mammals belonging to the genus ''Lepus''. They are herbivores and live Solitary animal, solitarily or in pairs. They nest in slight depressions called forms, and their young are precociality, able to fend for themselves ...
chasing away a hunting dog
A hunting dog is a Dog, canine that hunts with or for hunters. There are several different Dog type, types of hunting dog developed for various tasks and purposes. The major categories of hunting dog include hounds, terriers, cur type dogs, and ...
at the place recommended its selection. A dream of the goddess Lakshmi
Lakshmi (; , , sometimes spelled Laxmi, ), also known as Shri (, , ), is one of the principal goddesses in Hinduism, revered as the goddess of wealth, fortune, prosperity, beauty, fertility, sovereignty, and abundance. She along with Parvat ...
(the Hindu Goddess of wealth) that prophesied a prosperous future, further sealed his decision on the place for his capital. Therefore, on an auspicious day in 1537, he conducted a ground breaking ritual and festivities by ploughing the land with four pairs of decorated white bulls in four directions, at the focal point of the junction of Doddapet and Chikkapet, the junction of the present day Avenue Road and Old Taluk Kacheri Road (OTC).[
Thereafter, Kempe Gowda constructed a ]mud
Mud (, or Middle Dutch) is loam, silt or clay mixed with water. Mud is usually formed after rainfall or near water sources. Ancient mud deposits hardened over geological time to form sedimentary rock such as shale or mudstone (generally cal ...
fort
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from La ...
(now in the western part of the city), with a moat
A moat is a deep, broad ditch dug around a castle, fortification, building, or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence. Moats can be dry or filled with water. In some places, moats evolved into more extensive water d ...
surrounding it, and nine large gates. The building of the mud fort is also steeped in a legend. During the construction of the fort it was said that the southern gate would collapse no sooner than it was built and human sacrifice was necessary to ward off the evil spirits. When Kempe Gowda would not accept human sacrifice, his daughter-in-law, Lakshamma, realising her father-in-Law's predicament, beheaded herself with a sword at the southern gate under the cover of night. Subsequently, the fort was completed without any mishap. In her memory, Kempe Gowda built a temple in her name in Koramangala
Koramangala () is a southeastern neighbourhood of the Indian city of Bengaluru. One of the largest in that metropolis, it is a residential locality with wide, tree-lined boulevards and a mix of commercial structures and bungalows. Planned as a ...
.[ Thus, Kempe Gowda's dream came to fruition and the Bengaluru Pete evolved around the mud fort called the Bangalore Fort.][
In 1637–38, the Bangalore Fort under Kempe Gowda's rule was very prosperous. Rustam i Zaman ( Randaula Khan), the commander under the Bijapur Sultanate who was on a war campaign, havinf captured the Sira Fort close to Bangalore, wanted to capture the Bangalore Fort and the city. However, Kasturi Ranga Nayak, who had been given the Sira Fort to hold, prevailed on Rustam i Zaman not to attack the fort, after the town hab been taken and the fort surrounded with 30,000 strong cavalry. Kempe Gowda managed to get Nayak to withdraw the troops. Randaula Khan, who was not convinced about the action of Nayak in withdrawing the troops, met Nayak in his tent and promised him more rewards and also recognition under the Bijapur rulers, Nayak relented but advised Randaula not to attack the fort at that time, since he would manage surrender of the fort by Kempe Gowda eventually. Soon enough he prevailed on Kempe Gowda to surrender the fort with all its riches and without any battle. Rustam i Zaman then took over the fort and handed over its management to Shahji, along with other territories that he had recently conquered, with Bangalore as his headquarters.]
This mud fort was enlarged during Chikkadeva Raya Wodeyar's rule between 1673 AD and 1704 AD. In 1761, it was renovated by Hyder Ali
Hyder Ali (''Haidar'alī''; ; 1720 – 7 December 1782) was the Sultan and ''de facto'' ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born as Hyder Ali, he distinguished himself as a soldier, eventually drawing the attention of Mysore's ...
, who fortified it with stones. A part of the fort was subject to bombardment by the British when they fought a battle against Tipu Sultan, son of Hyder Ali. Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan (, , ''Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu''; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799) commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery ...
repaired the fort later. Inside the fort, there is a temple dedicated to Lord Ganapathy.[
In March 1791 the army of the ]British East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...
led by Lord Cornwallis laid siege to the Bangalore Fort during the Third Mysore War. Following tough resistance by the Mysore army led by the Commandant Bahadur Khan, in which over 2000 people were killed, on 21 March the British breached the walls near the Delhi Gate and captured it. In the words of the British chronicler Mark Wilks, "Resistance was everywhere respectable." With the capture of the Bangalore Fort the Army of British East India Company replenished supplies and obtained a strategic base from where it could attack Srirangapatna
Srirangapatna or Srirangapattana is a town and headquarters of one of the seven Taluks of Mandya district, in the Indian State of Karnataka. It gets its name from the Ranganthaswamy temple consecrated around 984 CE. Later, under the Britis ...
, Tippu Sultan's capital.
File:RobertHome - The Death of Colonel Moorhouse at the Storming of the Pettah Gate of Bangalore.jpg, The Death of Colonel Moorhouse at the Storming of the Pettah Gate of Bangalore
File:British Plaque, Bangalore Fort.JPG, Siege of Bangalore (1791) British Plaque, Bangalore Fort
File:MANTE(1800) p7.428 STORMING BANGALORE - 1791.jpg, Storming and taking of Bangalore by the Marquis Cornwallis
Fort structure
The Bangalore fort, ca. 1791, was described as follows:
File:Old Fort at Bangalore (MacLeod, p.144, 1871) - Copy.jpg, Old Fort at Bangalore (MacLeod, p. 144, 1871)
File:The Dodda Pet, Bangalore (Caine, 1891, p.523) - Copy.jpg, The Dodda Pet, Bangalore (Caine, 1891, p. 523)
File:Fort and Pettah of Bangalore (p.139, 1849) - Copy.jpg, Fort and Pettah of Bangalore (p. 139, 1849)
File:Bangalore Fort.jpg, Bangalore Fort in 1860 showing fortifications and barracks
File:Fort, Bangalore (1855) - Vibart Collection, Views in South India.jpg, Fort, Bangalore (1855) - Vibart Collection: Views in South India
File:OldFortBangalorePhotoOnline 1024x1024.jpg, Old Fort Gate of Bangalore (1883), by Albert Thomas Watson PENN (1849–1924)
File:BengaluruPalaceFortOldPhoto 1024x1024.jpg, Palace inside the Fort of Bangalore (1883), by Albert Thomas Watson PENN (1849–1924)
What remains of the fort today is just the Delhi Gate, and the rest has been demolished. It was originally about a km in length. Stretching from the Delhi Gate, up to the present KIMS campus. Within the Bangalore Fort were the present Victoria Hospital, the Kote Venkataramana Swamy temple, Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, Makkala Koota park, the armoury in the Bangalore Medical College campus, Fort High School, Fort Church, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, and the present KIMS hospital and campus.
Kote Venkataramana Temple
Fort Church
The Fort Church, Bangalore, was located within the Bangalore Fort. The church was demolished to make place for the construction of the Vani Vilas Hospital. The Government of Mysore allotted land in Chamrajpet for construction of a new church, and this is now the St. Luke's Church. Early records refer to this church as the Drummer's Chapel, constructed by British soldiers after the fall of Tipu Sultan. The Fort Church, Bangalore was the first protestant
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
church to be raised in Bangalore
Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...
.
File:Fort Church, Bangalore (Penny, 1912, p.68).png, Illustration of the Fort Church, Bangalore (1912), from Rev. Frank Penny's Book 'The Church in Madras, Volume II'. The Church was moved during the construction of the Vani Vilas Hospital and is now the St. Luke's Church, Chamrajpet.
File:View of the burial ground at Bangalore.jpg, View of the burial ground at Bangalore - Select Views in Mysore, the country of Tippoo Sultan by Robert Home (1752–1834)
Fort Cemetery
The Fort Cemetery, where the officers who fell in the Siege of Bangalore were buried, is illustrated in Robert Home's book, ''Select Views in Mysore, the country of Tipu Sultan'', published by Robert Bowyer, London, 1794. Home's painting shows the graves of Captains James Smith, James Williamson, John Shipper, Nathaniel Daws and Jeremiah Delany, Lieutenant Conan and Lieutenant-Colonel Gratton. As recorded in 1895, The cemetery was located just outside the Fort Church, with the church being responsible for its maintenance. The cemetery had cypress trees, rose bushes and flowers. The Government of Mysore, had constructed a wall and gate for the cemetery.
However, as recorded in 1912 by Rev. Frank Penny in his book ''The Church in Madras: Volume II'', the cemetery no longer existed. The record of the offers who fell in the battle for the Bangalore Fort in 1791, were transferred to the cenotaph, raised by the Government of Mysore. The cenotaph was consequently vandalised on 28 October 1964 and completely destroyed.
Fort School
The Fort Church, managed the Fort School from the end of the 19th century. The church provided furniture, study maps, and managed accounts, all overseen by the Fort Church School Committee. The ''Diocesan Magazine'', records that on 29 December 1909, with Miss. Rozario as the head mistress (serving from 1893 to 1909), a school function being organised for the present and old students of the Fort School, by J W Hardy, Lay Trustee of the Fort Church, with prize distribution by E A Hill, School inspector and Rev. G H Lamb. In 1911, the head mistress was Miss Page, as recorded by the ''Diocesan Magazine''.
There still exists a Fort School at Chamrajpet, with its building dating back to 1907. Once called the English Vernacular School, the Fort School is located opposite the Bangalore Medical College, and near the Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace. The School Building was built in 1907, and has amongst its students freedom fighter H S Doreswamy, cricketer G R Vishwanath, statesman V S Krishna Iyer, Mysore Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar (18 July 1919 – 23 September 1974), sometimes simply Jayachamaraja Wadiyar, was the twenty-fifth and last ruling Maharaja of Mysore, reigning from 1940 to 1950, who later served as the governor of Mysore until 1964 an ...
, former Chief Minister of Karnataka Kengal Hanumanthaiah and bureaucrat Narasimha Rao. The building is being studied by INTACH for possible renovation. The Fort School is the oldest high school in the Banglore pete area. The school at present has 186 students in English Medium and 81 studying in Kannada Medium. Majority of the English Medium students are from Tamil
Tamil may refer to:
People, culture and language
* Tamils, an ethno-linguistic group native to India, Sri Lanka, and some other parts of Asia
**Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka
** Myanmar or Burmese Tamils, Tamil people of Ind ...
and Telugu families, studying all subjects in English, English language, mother tongue language and Kannada
Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a ...
as third language.
Present status
All that remains of the fort is the Delhi Gate and remnants of two bastions. After they captured the fort in 1791, the British started dismantling it, a process that continued till the 1930s. Ramparts and walls made way for roads, while arsenals, barracks and the other old buildings quickly made way for colleges, schools, bus stands, and hospitals. In November 2012 workers at the neighbouring Bangalore Metro construction site unearthed 2 huge iron cannons weighing a ton each with cannonballs dating back to the times of Tipu Sultan.
File:Old Bangalore Fort, Front View.JPG, Existing Gate of the Bangalore Fort
File:Bangalore Fort Inside.jpg, Inside the Bangalore Fort
File:Bangalore Fort 2.jpg, Inside the Bangalore Fort
Sketches of James Hunter
James Hunter served as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. He was a military painter, and his sketches portrayed aspects of military and everyday life. Hunter served the British India Army and took part in Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan (, , ''Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu''; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799) commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery ...
Campaigns.
Hunter has sketched different landscapes of South India, including Bangalore
Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...
, Mysore
Mysore ( ), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. As the traditional seat of the Wadiyar dynasty, the city functioned as the capital of the ...
, Hosur
Hosur is an industrial city located in the Tamil Nadu state of India. Hosur is one of the 21 municipal corporations in Tamil Nadu. It is located on the bank of the river River Ponnaiyar, southeast of Bengaluru and west of Chennai, the state ...
, Kancheepuram, Madras
Chennai, also known as Madras ( its official name until 1996), is the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India. It is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. According to the 2011 Indian ce ...
, Arcot, Sriperumbudur, etc. These paintings were published in 'A Brief history of ancient and modern India embellished with coloured engravings', published by Edward Orme, London between 1802 and 1805, and 'Picturesque scenery in the Kingdom of Mysore' published by Edward Orme in 1804.
Hunter died in India in 1792. Some of his paintings of Bangalore Fort are below
File:The North Entrance Into The Fort Of Bangalore -with Tipu's flag flying-.jpg, The North Entrance into The Fort of Bangalore ith Tipu's flag flyingby James Hunter (d.1792)
File:The South Entrance Into The Fort Of Bangalore..jpg, The South Entrance into The Fort of Bangalore by James Hunter (d.1792)
File:The Mysore Gate At Bangalore.jpg, The Mysore Gate at Bangalore Fort by James Hunter (d.1792)
File:The Delhi Gate Of Bangalore.jpg, The Delhi Gate Of Bangalore by James Hunter (d.1792)
File:The Third Delhi Gate Of Bangalore.jpg, The Third Delhi Gate Of Bangalore by James Hunter (d.1792)
File:A Street Leading To The Palace Of Bangalore.jpg, A Street Leading to the Palace Of Bangalore by James Hunter (d.1792) (the gateway in the end is on the right side of next 2 photos)
File:The Square And Entrance Into Tippoo's Palace, Bangalore..jpg, The Square And Entrance into Tippoo's Palace, Bangalore, by James Hunter (d.1792)
File:'Square at Bangalore' and on reverse 'The Entrance of Tippoo's Palace, Bangalore Feby. 92'.jpg, 'Square at Bangalore' and 'The Entrance of Tippoo's Palace, Bangalore Feb 92, by James Hunter (d.1792)
File:North Entrance Of Tippoo's Palace At Bangalore.jpg, North Entrance Of Tippoo's Palace at Bangalore, by James Hunter (d.1792)
File:North Front Of Tippoo's Palace, Bangalore..jpg, North Front Of Tippoo's Palace, Bangalore, by James Hunter (d.1792)
File:West Front Of Tippoo's Palace, Bangalore.jpg, West Front Of Tippoo's Palace, Bangalore by James Hunter (d.1792)
Other British Sketches of Bangalore Fort
File:The fort of Bangalore, from a village outside the main gate.jpg, The fort of Bangalore, from a village outside the main gate, by an anonymous artist, c.1790 - 1792.
File:Captain Alexander Allan's 'Views in the Mysore Country 1794'.jpg, Muslim graves, around the Bangalore Fort (1974), from Alexander Allan's 'Views in the Mysore Country 1794'
File:North view of Bangalore from the pettah, shewing the curtain and bastions that were breached.jpg, North view of Bangalore from the pettah, (View from the around the present Avenue Road, facing Fort) shewing the curtain and bastions that were breached, by Robert Home (1752–1834)
File:Southerly View of Bangalore.jpg, Bangalore Fort as seen from the Kempegowda Lalbagh Tower. Engraving by Claude Martin, from an earlier drawing of a southerly view of Bangalore in Karnataka, published by J. Sewell in 1792.
File:South View of Bangalore.jpg, View of Bangalore Fort, from the Kempegowda South Tower. South view of Bangalore with the fortress in the distance by Robert Home (1752–1834) in 1792
File:East view of Bangalore, with a small shrine and a dismounted horseman in the foreground, and cattle grazing beyond..jpg, View of Bangalore Fort, from the East, with a small shrine and a dismounted horseman in the foreground, and cattle grazing beyond, by Robert Hyde Colebrooke (1762–1808) in 1791
File:East view of Bangalore, with the cypress garden, from a pagoda..jpg, East view of Bangalore, with the cypress garden, from a pagoda, by James Hunter(d. 1792). Bangalore Fort as seen from the East (Cypress Gardens in today's Lalbagh)
File:Plan of Bangalore (with the Attacks) taken by the English Army under the Command of the Rt. Honble. Earl Cornwallis - March 22nd 1791.jpg, Ink wash of a plan of Bangalore by Robert Home (1752–1834) in 1791. Plan of Bangalore (with the Attacks) taken by the English Army under the Command of the Rt. Honble. Earl Cornwallis KG etc. March 22, 1791. Part of 22 drawings along with a map and three plans completed by Home, whilst accompanying the British army under Cornwallis during the 3rd Mysore War 1791-1792
File:View of the inside gate at Bangalore with the guard room.jpg, View of the inside gate at Bangalore with the guard room, by James Fittler (1758–1835) after sketches of Robert Home (1752–1834)
References
Bibliography
Suras Tourist Guide To Bangalore
The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times
The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful ..., Volume 3
External links
There are interesting ways of knowing the history of Bangalore Fort and exploring the remnants.
{{Forts in India
Military history of Bengaluru
Forts in Karnataka
Buildings and structures in Bengaluru
Tourist attractions in Bengaluru
1537 establishments in India