Baenidae is an

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

paracryptodira __NOTOC__ Paracryptodira is an extinct group of reptiles in the clade Testudinata (which contains modern turtles and their extinct relatives), known from the Jurassic to Paleogene of North America and Europe. Initially treated as a suborder siste ...

turtle Turtles are reptiles of the order (biology), order Testudines, characterized by a special turtle shell, shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Crypt ...

s known from the

Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 ...

Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

. While during the Early Cretaceous they are found across North America, during the Late Cretaceous they are only found in

Laramidia Laramidia was an island continent that existed during the Late Cretaceous period (99.6–66 Year#SI prefix multipliers, Ma), when the Western Interior Seaway split the continent of North America in two. In the Mesozoic era, Laramidia was an island ...

, having disappeared from

Appalachia Appalachia ( ) is a geographic region located in the Appalachian Mountains#Regions, central and southern sections of the Appalachian Mountains in the east of North America. In the north, its boundaries stretch from the western Catskill Mountai ...

. The majority of lineages survived the K-Pg Extinction, but the family was extinct by the latest Eocene. The name of the type genus, ''

Baena Baena is a town and municipalities in Spain, municipality of Spain located in the Córdoba Province, Spain, province of Córdoba, Andalusia. It is situated near the on the slope of a hill southeast of Córdoba, Spain, Córdoba by road. The popu ...

,'' appears to be of Native American origin, likely from the

Arapaho The Arapaho ( ; , ) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota. By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed t ...

''be’enoo''. They are primarily found in freshwater deposits, and are considered to be aquatic, with a largely generalist habit.

Genera

* †'' Arundelemys'' * †''

Arvinachelys ''Arvinachelys goldeni'' is an extinct baenid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Utah. ''A. goldeni'' is notable among turtles for the presence of two nasal openings instead of one, giving it a vaguely pig-nosed appearance in life. Description ...

'' * †''

Cedrobaena ''Cedrobaena'' is an extinct genus of turtle which existed in the Tiffanian Cedar Point Quarry, Wyoming and in the latest Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation, United States. It was first named by Tyler R. Lyson and Walter G. Joyce in 2009 and t ...

'' * †''

Chisternon ''Chisternon'' is a genus of baenid turtles from the Eocene of North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the ...

'' * †'' Edowa'' * †''

Gamerabaena ''Gamerabaena'' is an extinct genus of baenid turtle which existed in North Dakota during the late Cretaceous Period. It is known from a single fragmentary skull that was found in the Maastrichtian-age Hell Creek Formation. It contains the spec ...

'' * †'' Gehennachelys'' * †'' Hayemys'' * †''

Lakotemys ''Lakotemys'' is an extinct genus of baenid turtle that lived in South Dakota during the Early Cretaceous epoch. It is known from a single species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals ...

Lakota Formation The Lakota Formation is a sequence of rocks of early Cretaceous (Berriasian to Barremian) age from Western North America. Located in South Dakota, the name of the formation is derived from the Lakota people, Lakota Native Americans in the United ...

Berriasian In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age/ stage of the Early/Lower Cretaceous. It is the oldest subdivision in the entire Cretaceous. It has been taken to span the time between 143.1 ±0.6 Ma and 137.05 ± 0.2 (million years ago) ...

Valanginian In the geologic timescale, the Valanginian is an age or stage of the Early or Lower Cretaceous. It spans between 137.05 ± 0.2 Ma and 132.6 ± 0.2 Ma (million years ago). The Valanginian Stage succeeds the Berriasian Stage of the Lower Cretac ...

* †''

Neurankylus ''Neurankylus'' is an extinct genus of turtles in the family Baenidae that lived between 112 and 61 million years ago in Canada and the United States. It was originally placed within the monotypic family Neurankylidae, but it has since been place ...

'' * †''

Palatobaena ''Palatobaena'' is an extinct genus of Baenidae, baenid turtle. It was first named by Gaffney in 1972 and the type species is ''Palatobaena bairdi''. It based on a fragmentary skull from the Fort Union Formation of the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming. T ...

'' * †''

Peckemys ''Peckemys'' is an extinct genus of baenid turtle which existed in the Hell Creek Formation, United States during the late Cretaceous period (Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geolo ...

'' * †'' Plesiobaena'' * †'' Protobaena'' * †'' Denazinemys'' * †'' Saxochelys'' * †'' Stygiochelys'' * †'' Thescelus'' * †'' Trinitichelys''

Classification

The following cladogram shows the taxonomy and phylogeny of baenids according to Joyce & Lyson (2015).

References

External links

* http://www.nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/dinosaur_institute/pdf/NHM_DI_proytecto_dino_Erika_Canola_Baenidae_Turtle_experience.pdf {{Authority control

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...

Jurassic first appearances Eocene extinctions Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope