Axente Sever

Ioan Axente Sever (born Ioan Axente; 15 April 1821–13 August 1906) was a Romanian revolutionary in Austria-Hungary who participated in the Transylvanian Revolution of 1848.

Biography

Early years

He was born in Frâua (called Axente Sever since 1931), the son of Iacob Baciu and Ana, née Maxim. From 1831 to 1835 he studied in Blaj. He then returned to pursue his studies at the Gheorghe Lazăr Gymnasium in Sibiu, after which he returned in 1840 to Blaj to study theology and philosophy, having Simion Bărnuțiu as professor. He later went to Bucharest, where he was a teacher of Latin and Romanian language at a private school and at the Saint Sava College.

The Revolutions of 1848

When the Wallachian Revolution broke out in 1848, he served as propaganda officer for the revolutionaries in Ilfov County, and then was sent to Dolj County to restore the state's authority.

After the defeat of the Wallachian Revolution, he returned to Transylvania in September 1848, where he participated in the border guards' assembly at Orlat, and then in the third Blaj National Assembly. Named prefect of the Blaj district, he became commander of Legion I ''Blasensis'', which he turned into the strongest military unit in the army of Avram Iancu. From October 1848 to August 1849, with the objective of disarming Hungarian units, he saw action at Uioara, Ciumbrud, Sâncrai, Cricău, Aiud, Turda, Cluj, Cetatea de Baltă, Ocna Sibiului, the Apuseni Mountains, Alba Iulia and elsewhere. The campaign ended with the Surrender at Világos.

He was the commander of the troops that killed 15–20% of the Hungarian population of Aiud in January 1849, while another 15–20% froze to death while fleeing. Arrested for this massacre in late 1849, he stood trial at Sibiu, Bistrița, and Cluj. Together with other commanders (chiefly, Iancu and ), he wrote reports on these events (published in German in newspapers from Vienna in 1850–1853), in which he argued that the Romanians in Transylvania were loyal to the Habsburg Emperor, and that they fought with Hungarian troops because the government in Budapest did not recognize the rights of the Romanians as a nation.

Later years

In 1850 he was a tenant farmer at Cenade; in 1851, he was named court secretary at Alba Iulia. In July 1852, he met with Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria at , and accompanied him to Sibiu. With this occasion, he was awarded the Order of Leopold (Golden Cross with Crown) and the Order of Franz Joseph, 3rd class. He also received the Imperial Russian Order of Saint Anna, 3rd class.

Starting in 1881, Axente Sever was part of the ASTRA leadership in Sibiu. Ecaterina Țarălungă
''Enciclopedia identității românești''
, p.46. Editura Litera, 2011, He moved to Brașov in 1892. His health began to decline in late 1900, and he was hospitalized in 1904. He died two years later, and was taken by train to Blaj, where he was buried in the cemetery next to the Church of the Holy Archangels.

Legacy

There are streets named after him in Aiud, Cluj-Napoca, Mediaș, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Sighișoara, and Turda, as well as a plaza in Timișoara. A high school in Mediaș also bears his name.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sever, Ioan Axente
1821 births
1906 deaths
People from Sibiu County
Romanian Austro-Hungarians
Romanian Greek-Catholics
Organizers of the Wallachian Revolution of 1848
Knights of the Order of Franz Joseph
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class