Avraham Al-Naddaf
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Avraham Al-Naddaf (; 1866–1940), the son of Ḥayim b. Salem Al-Naddaf, was a Yemenite rabbi and scholar who immigrated to Ottoman
Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
in 1891, eventually becoming one of the members of the Yemenite rabbinical court (''Beit-Din'') established in Jerusalem in 1908, and active in public affairs. His maternal grandfather was Rabbi Yiḥya Badiḥi (1803–1887), the renowned sage and author of the Questions & Responsa, ''Ḥen Ṭov'', and a commentary on the laws of ritual slaughter of livestock, ''Leḥem Todah'', who served as the head of
Sanaa Sanaa, officially the Sanaa Municipality, is the ''de jure'' capital and largest city of Yemen. The city is the capital of the Sanaa Governorate, but is not part of the governorate, as it forms a separate administrative unit. At an elevation ...
's largest seat of learning (
yeshiva A yeshiva (; ; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in parallel. The stu ...
), held in the synagogue, ''Bayt Saleḥ'', before he was forced to flee from Sana'a in 1846 on account of the tyrant, Abū-Zayid b. Ḥasan al-Miṣrī, who persecuted the Jews under the Imam
Al-Mutawakkil Muhammad Al-Mutawakkil Muhammad (died 11 December 1849) was an Imam of Yemen who reigned from 1845 to 1849. He belonged to the Qasimid family, descended from the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, which dominated the Zaidi imamate of Yemen from 1597 to 1962. Strug ...
.


Early life and upbringing

Born in
Qaryat al-Qabil Qaryat al-Qabil ( ), often called simply al-Qaryah, is a village in Bani al-Harith District of Amanat al-Asimah Governorate, Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, ...
,
Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...
, in 1866, he began to study the Hebrew alphabet at the age of three, followed by
Torah The Torah ( , "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch () ...
and the Aramaic
Targum of Onkelos Interlinear text of Hebrew Numbers 6.3–10 with British_Library.html" ;"title="Aramaic Targum Onkelos from the British Library">Aramaic Targum Onkelos from the British Library. Targum Onkelos (or Onqelos; , ''Targūm ’Unqəlōs'') is t ...
at the age of seven in the ''
Beth midrash A ''beth midrash'' (, "house of learning"; : ''batei midrash''), also ''beis medrash'' or ''beit midrash'', is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall". It is distinct from a synagogue (''beth knesseth''), althoug ...
'' of Rabbi Yosef Ha-Cohen in
Sana'a Sanaa, officially the Sanaa Municipality, is the ''de jure'' capital and largest city of Yemen. The city is the capital of the Sanaa Governorate, but is not part of the governorate, as it forms a separate administrative unit. At an elevation ...
, where his parents had relocated. When he had but reached the age of ten, there was added to his curriculum the
Judeo-Arabic Judeo-Arabic (; ; ) sometimes referred as Sharh, are a group of different ethnolects within the branches of the Arabic language used by jewish communities. Although Jewish use of Arabic, which predates Islam, has been in some ways distinct ...
translation of the Pentateuch composed by Rabbi
Saadia Gaon Saʿadia ben Yosef Gaon (892–942) was a prominent rabbi, Geonim, gaon, Jews, Jewish philosopher, and exegesis, exegete who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate. Saadia is the first important rabbinic figure to write extensively in Judeo-Arabic ...
, the
Mishnah The Mishnah or the Mishna (; , from the verb ''šānā'', "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah. Having been collected in the 3rd century CE, it is ...
with the commentary of Rabbi Obadiah da Bertinoro, and the
Shulchan Arukh The ''Shulhan Arukh'' ( ),, often called "the Code of Jewish Law", is the most widely consulted of the various legal codes in Rabbinic Judaism. It was authored in the city of Safed in what is now Israel by Joseph Karo in 1563 and published in Ven ...
. The following year he was transferred by his father to the ''Beth midrash'' of Rabbi Avraham al-Qareh (d. 1890), where he began to learn the proper rendering for readings in the
Babylonian Talmud The Talmud (; ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewi ...
, as this teacher is said to have been the most punctilious and astute of his generation. At the age of fourteen, he continued his studies in the Talmud and in the legal writings of the
poskim In Jewish law, a ''posek'' ( , pl. ''poskim'', ) is a legal scholar who determines the application of ''halakha'', the Jewish religious laws derived from the written and Oral Torah, in cases of Jewish law where previous authorities are inconc ...
(exponents of Jewish law), and eventually studied more advanced rabbinic Judaism under the great teacher Rabbi Hayyim b. Yosef Qorah (d. 1914). In 1886, at the age of twenty, Avraham married his first wife who bore him a daughter, but they would both become ill and die during the sea-voyage from Yemen to Egypt in 1891, while ''en route'' to Palestine. His one-and-a-half year old daughter was buried at sea, while his wife died in
Port Said Port Said ( , , ) is a port city that lies in the northeast Egypt extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, straddling the west bank of the northern mouth of the Suez Canal. The city is the capital city, capital of the Port S ...
. Dazed and bereft of his wife and only child, Avraham arrived in
Jaffa Jaffa (, ; , ), also called Japho, Joppa or Joppe in English, is an ancient Levantine Sea, Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part. The city sits atop a naturally elevated outcrop on ...
in the Spring of that year, and from there he traveled with a party, some by cart, others by mules and camels, unto Jerusalem. There he settled in the ''Old City'' of Jerusalem and began to work on behalf of the small Jewish community that had immigrated there in 1882, supporting himself as a
silversmith A silversmith is a metalworker who crafts objects from silver. The terms ''silversmith'' and ''goldsmith'' are not exact synonyms, as the techniques, training, history, and guilds are (or were, at least) largely the same but differed in that t ...
and teaching children the rudiments of Jewish education. That same year, he took in marriage a second wife.


Emissary

Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf made several trips to Yemen in subsequent years as a rabbinic envoy in order to raise money for the beleaguered Jews of Yemen who had immigrated some years earlier. He became the chief sponsor for building a hostelry and ''Beit midrash'' for his community in Jerusalem, as well as initiated the first printing of a Yemenite Siddur, with the ''Etz Ḥayim'' commentary of Maharitz, as well as Hebrew Bible
codices The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term ''codex'' is now r ...
which were proofread by him and by the Chief Rabbi of Yemen, Rabbi
Yihya Yitzhak Halevi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi, son of Moshe (Musa) Yitzḥak Halevi ( also commonly known as ''Mori'' Yiḥya Yitzḥak from the house of Yitzḥak Halevi) (1867 – 1932), was a Yemeni born rabbinical scholar who served as one of the last great ...
, and sent by post to Jerusalem. The small, one-room apartment for a hostelry was eventually built in Jerusalem's ''Naḥalat Zvi'' neighborhood. In 1892, at the resignation of Rabbi Yiḥya Ṣāroum, Rabbi Al-Naddaf was elected by the community to replace him and to head the Yemenite Jewish community. He immediately set-out to forbid Jewish contact with foreign organisations suspected of acting as missionaries. He writes of this period: “At first, we forbade
hem A hem in sewing is a garment finishing method, where the edge of a piece of cloth is folded and sewn to prevent unravelling of the fabric and to adjust the length of the piece in garments, such as at the end of the sleeve or the bottom of the ga ...
and made them outcasts in the community, anyone who would go again to receive any money, or any clothing, as they did before from the instigators, and even more so those who would go there to listen to their preaching on Sunday in their house of convocation. While even those who would go to work a menial job in their field, such as at the field of Schneller (i.e. the German-run Syrian Orphanage, established in 1861 by the German missionary, Johann Ludwig Schneller, and built far beyond the walls of the ''Old City'', on lands purchased from the villagers of
Lifta Lifta (; ) was a Palestinian village on the outskirts of Jerusalem. The village's Palestinian Arab inhabitants were expelled by Zionist paramilitary forces during the 1948 Palestine war. During the Ottoman period, the village was recorded ...
), be it only for a few hours of the day, so that they might receive their monthly or weekly wages for paying rent, we forbade unto them the clothing that they would give on occasion to the working men. We made it known to them and warned them to desist from receiving nything from them And, thanks be to the blessed God, those who had formerly gone there or who had been errant therein were prevented from doing so. Only a very few refused to change their manner, and would still go there in secret, and occasionally they'd bring hat they neededfor themselves and take it to their houses in a non-conspicuous manner, but they were held in disdain and for a reproach in the eyes of all the congregation, until at length they too desisted rom going there” Initially, the
Sephardic Sephardic Jews, also known as Sephardi Jews or Sephardim, and rarely as Iberian Peninsular Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the historic Jewish communities of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and their descendant ...
seminaries (Heb. ''
Kollelim A kollel (also kolel) (, , , , a "gathering" or "collection" f scholars is an institute for full-time, advanced study of the Talmud and rabbinic literature. Like a yeshiva, a kollel features shiurim (lectures) and learning ''sedarim'' (session ...
'') had received the Yemenite Jews when they first arrived in Jerusalem, but cultural differences forced the Yemenites to separate from their co-religionists and to establish their own seminary. They were also being taxed by the Sephardic community, money that was to go to the public coffers, but they were not being allotted an equal share or subsidy as had been given to the Sephardic Jews. This added to their insult. In 1907, the Ottoman government of
Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
recognized the Yemenites as an independent community (just as Ashkenazim and Sepharadim are independent communities). While in Eretz Israel, a question came to the fore about whether or not the Yemenites living in the Land of Israel (who were of the Baladi-rite) should adopt the custom of the other Jewish communities who separate the biblical pericopes ''
Chukat Chukat, HuQath , Hukath, or Chukkas (—Hebrew for "decree," the ninth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 39th weekly Torah portion (, ''parashah'') in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the sixth in the Book ...
'' and ''
Balak Balak son of Zippor ( ''Bālāq'') was a king of Moab described in the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible, where his dealings with the prophet and sorcerer Balaam are recounted. Balak tried to engage Balaam the son of Beor for the purpose of c ...
'' during the weekly Sabbath readings, although the Yemenites traditionally connect these two pericopes for most years, while separating the pericopes ''
Masei Masei, Mas'ei, or Masse (—Hebrew language, Hebrew for "journeys," the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 43rd weekly Torah portion (, ''parashah'') in the annual Judaism, Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the ...
'' and ''
Matot Matot, Mattot, Mattoth, or Matos (—Hebrew language, Hebrew for "tribes", the fifth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 42nd weekly Torah portion (, ''parashah'') in the annual Judaism, Jewish cycle of Torah reading and ...
''. Al-Naddaf wrote the Beit Din in
Sana'a Sanaa, officially the Sanaa Municipality, is the ''de jure'' capital and largest city of Yemen. The city is the capital of the Sanaa Governorate, but is not part of the governorate, as it forms a separate administrative unit. At an elevation ...
, seeking their advice, to which inquiry Mori
Yihya Yitzhak Halevi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi, son of Moshe (Musa) Yitzḥak Halevi ( also commonly known as ''Mori'' Yiḥya Yitzḥak from the house of Yitzḥak Halevi) (1867 – 1932), was a Yemeni born rabbinical scholar who served as one of the last great ...
replied by writing that the Yemenites are to persist in their own custom, although it differs from the other communities.Rabbi Erez Ramati, , Congregation Torat Ḥayim. / July 2019, minutes 35:00–40:56 (in Hebrew). Mori
Yiḥyah Qafiḥ Yiḥyah Qafiḥ (; also known as Yiḥyah ibn Shalomo el Qafiḥ and as Yahya Kapach (his Hebrew name)) (1850–1931), known also as ''"Ha-Yashish"'' (English: "the Elder"), served as the Chief Rabbi of Sana'a, Yemenite Jews, Yemen in the late n ...
wrote that, from a legal standpoint, it does not matter which custom is actually practised with respect to the pericopes, however, as a first result one should persist in his own custom."


Legacy

In 1903, Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf published the community's first Yemenite
siddur A siddur ( ''sīddūr'', ; plural siddurim ) is a Jewish prayer book containing a set order of daily prayers. The word comes from the Hebrew root , meaning 'order.' Other terms for prayer books are ''tefillot'' () among Sephardi Jews, ''tef ...
, ''Tefillat Kol Pe''. In 1907, largely due to the tireless efforts of Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf, the Ottoman government recognized the Yemenite Jewish community in Palestine as an independent Jewish community, distinct from the Sephardic Jews and Jews of Ashkenaz. The community leader who answered to the government was Rabbi ( ''mori'') Avraham Ṣāroum. In 1910, the Yemenite Jewish community in Jerusalem and in
Silwan Silwan or Siloam (; ; ) is a predominantly Palestinian district in East Jerusalem, on the southeastern outskirts of the current Old City of Jerusalem.Mount of Olives The Mount of Olives or Mount Olivet (; ; both lit. 'Mount of Olives'; in Arabic also , , 'the Mountain') is a mountain ridge in East Jerusalem, east of and adjacent to Old City of Jerusalem, Jerusalem's Old City. It is named for the olive, olive ...
for burying their dead, through the good agencies of
Albert Antébi Albert-Abraham Antébi (; 1873 – 1919) was a Syrian Jewish public activist and community leader born in Ottoman Syria, who worked for the defense of the interests of the Jewish old and new settlement in Palestine during the Ottoman rule, especi ...
and with the assistance of the philanthropist, Baron Edmond Rothschild. The next year, the community was coerced into buying its adjacent property, by insistence of the ''
Mukhtar A mukhtar (; ) is a village chief in the Levant: "an old institution that goes back to the time of the Ottoman rule". According to Amir S. Cheshin, Bill Hutman and Avi Melamed, the mukhtar "for centuries were the central figures". They "were ...
'' (headman) of the village Silwan, and which considerably added to their holdings. During
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, Rabbi Al-Naddaf issued a proclamation in the name of the Rabbinate of the Yemenite Jews in Jerusalem, addressed to the Yemenite Jews in
Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
about registration. During the outbreak of the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
he was drafted in the Ottoman army, but managed to evade actual military service through the efforts of three Jewish elders who appealed to the Ottoman commander, Jamal
Pasha Pasha (; ; ) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitary, dignitaries, and others. ''Pasha'' was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of ...
, to relieve him. After the British usurped control over
Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
toward the end of 1917, during the start of the Hanukka holiday, all conscripts were then made exempt from military duty. Later in life, the rabbi with his second wife and their children moved to the
Bukharim quarter The Bukharan Quarter (, ''Shkhunat HaBukharim''), also HaBukharim Quarter or Bukharim Quarter, is a neighborhood in the center of Jerusalem, Israel. The neighborhood was established by Bukharan Jews of the Old Yishuv. The neighborhood also ancho ...
in Jerusalem, during which time he headed a school (Talmud Torah), named "Torat Or". In 1925, he and his family moved to Tel Aviv where he made a livelihood from
ritual slaughter Ritual slaughter is the practice of slaughtering livestock for meat in the context of a ritual. Ritual slaughter involves a prescribed practice of slaughtering an animal for food production purposes. Ritual slaughter as a mandatory practice of sl ...
of livestock and as a scrivener of legal documents. Al-Naddaf made commentaries and annotations to Rabbi
Yihya Saleh Yihyah a Hebrew given name, a variant of Yehya, Yehia, Yahia, Yahya, Yihye, etc. It may refer to: *Yiḥyah Qafiḥ (1850–1931), Chief Rabbi in Yemen * Yiḥyah Salaḥ, alternatively Yichya Tzalach; Yehiya Saleh), known by the acronym of Ma ...
's Questions & Responsa ''Pe'ulat Sadiq'', a work published by Shemuel Badiḥi in two editions. In his old-age, he wrote an autobiography, later published by his son, and re-printed by his grandson. Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf died on 21 February 1940 in Tel Aviv's
Kerem HaTeimanim Kerem HaTeimanim (, lit. "Vineyard of the Yemenites") is a neighborhood in the center of Tel Aviv, Israel. The neighborhood is adjacent to the Carmel Market Carmel Market (, ''Shuk HaCarmel'') is an outdoor marketplace in Tel Aviv, Israel. ...
, and was buried by his three surviving sons and daughter in the
Mount of Olives The Mount of Olives or Mount Olivet (; ; both lit. 'Mount of Olives'; in Arabic also , , 'the Mountain') is a mountain ridge in East Jerusalem, east of and adjacent to Old City of Jerusalem, Jerusalem's Old City. It is named for the olive, olive ...
in Jerusalem. Around 1938, Meir Shimon Geshuri (one of the founders of
Hapoel HaMizrachi File:Pre-State_Zionist_Workers'_Parties_chart.png, chart of zionist workers parties, 360px, right rect 167 83 445 250 Hapoel Hatzair rect 450 88 717 265 Non Partisans rect 721 86 995 243 Poalei Zion rect 152 316 373 502 HaPoel HaMizrachi rec ...
) sent a questionnaire to Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf containing eighteenth complex questions about the melodies of the Yemenite Jews, which R. Al-Naddaf answered in extensive detail (Al-Naddaf 5778 ''anno mundi''
018 018 may refer to: *Air Canada Flight 018, an airline flight from Hong Kong to Vancouver, Canada, illegally boarded by a Chinese man wearing a disguise in 2010 *Area code 018, a telephone area code in Uppsala, Sweden *BMW 018, an experimental turboj ...
275281).


Published works

* * Siddur ''Tefillat Kol Pe'', published in 1903 (5663 ''
anno mundi (from Latin 'in the year of the world'; ), abbreviated as AM or A.M., or Year After Creation, is a calendar era based on biblical accounts of the creation of the world and subsequent history. Two such calendar eras of notable use are: * Sin ...
'') *A book entitled
''Ḥoveret''
published in Jerusalem in 1928, containing an inventory of the books of Yemenite Jewish provenance, arranged in alphabetical order, as well the first written history of the Yemenite Jewish poet, Rabbi
Shalom Shabazi Shalom Shabazi (1619 – c. 1720) was the son of Yosef ben Avigad, of the family of Mashtā, also commonly known as Abba Sholem Shabazi or Saalem al-Shabazi (; ). He was a Jewish rabbi and poet who lived in 17th century Yemen, often referred to a ...
, as also a biography of the '' kabbalist'',
Shalom Sharabi Sar Shalom Sharabi (), also known as the Rashash, the Shemesh or Ribbi Shalom Mizraḥi deyedi`a Sharabi (1720–1777), was a Yemenite Rabbi, Halachist, Chazzan and Kabbalist. In later life, he became the Rosh Yeshiva of Bet El Yeshiva in th ...
(Reprinted in, ''Zekhor Le'Avraham'', by Uzziel Alnaddaf, Jerusalem 1992) *A booklet entitled, ''Mevaser Tov'', published in 1911. *A collection of Questions & Responsa entitled, ''Zikhronei Ish'', published post-mortem in 1981, by his son, Saadia, in a book entitled ''Sefer ʻAnaf Ḥayim''. *A commentary entitled, ''ʻAnaf Ḥayim'', (being a commentary of the commentary ''Etz Ḥayim''), published in the ''Tiklāl Etz Ḥayim'' prayer book of 1894, 1899 and 1971 (ed. Shimon Tzalach). *A
siddur A siddur ( ''sīddūr'', ; plural siddurim ) is a Jewish prayer book containing a set order of daily prayers. The word comes from the Hebrew root , meaning 'order.' Other terms for prayer books are ''tefillot'' () among Sephardi Jews, ''tef ...
entitled ''Tefillat Kol Pe'', published in Jerusalem in 1903. *The ''Memoirs of Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf'', includes a history of the Yemenite Jewish émigrés in Jerusalem at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. Published in book, ''Zekhor Le'Avraham'' (ed. Uzziel Al-Naddaf), Jerusalem 1992 *''Tiklāl Etz Ḥayim'', a siddur based on the ''Baladi''-rite, with the commentary ''ʻAnaf Ḥayim'' appended at the end of volume 1 (editors: Avraham b. Ḥayim Al-Naddaf and Shalom b. Yosef Iraqi), Jerusalem 1899. *''Taj'' (Codex of the First Five Books of Moses), including the Targum of
Onkelos Onkelos ( ''ʾunqəlōs''), possibly identical to Aquila of Sinope, was a Roman national who converted to Judaism in Tannaic times ( 35–120 CE). He is considered to be the author of the Targum Onkelos ( 110 CE). In the Talmud Onkel ...
and the Judeo-Arabic translation of Rabbi
Saadia Gaon Saʿadia ben Yosef Gaon (892–942) was a prominent rabbi, Geonim, gaon, Jews, Jewish philosopher, and exegesis, exegete who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate. Saadia is the first important rabbinic figure to write extensively in Judeo-Arabic ...
(''Tafsir'') and readings from the prophets (''
Hafṭarah The ''haftara'' or (in Ashkenazic pronunciation) ''haftorah'' (alt. ''haftarah, haphtara'', ) "parting," "taking leave" (plural form: ''haftarot'' or ''haftoros''), is a series of selections from the books of ''Nevi'im'' ("Prophets") of the ...
''), 2 volumes, Jerusalem 1894–1901Shimon Greidi, ''Sefer Yamim Yedaberu'', Tel Aviv 1995, p. 87 (61), (Hebrew) (jointly published with Shalom ben Yosef 'Iraqi Cohen-Tzedek) *''"Shoshannath ha-Melekh" with a Commentary by Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf'', Manuscript in the ''Institute for the Preservation of Yemenite Manuscripts'' (''Nosach Teiman'', Benei Barak), published in a new edition entitled "Anaf Hayyim."


References


Notes


External links


Excerpt of Diary written by Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf
(Hebrew)
''Ḥoveret Seridei Teiman''
by Rabbi Avraham Al-Naddaf {{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Naddaf, Avraham 1866 births 1940 deaths Yemenite Orthodox rabbis Jewish Yemeni history Jews and Judaism in Yemen Rabbis in Ottoman Palestine Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives 20th-century rabbis in Jerusalem Jews from Mandatory Palestine Jews and Judaism in Ottoman Syria Shelichei derabonan (rabbis) Immigrants of the First Aliyah 19th-century Yemenite Jews 20th-century Yemenite Jews