The 1913 Armory Show, also known as the International Exhibition of Modern Art, was organized by th
Association of American Painters and Sculptors
It was the first large exhibition of

modern art Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the tradit ...

in America, as well as one of the many exhibitions that have been held in the vast spaces of U.S. National Guard armories. The three-city exhibition started in New York City's 69th Regiment Armory, on Lexington Avenue between 25th and 26th Streets, from February 17 until March 15, 1913. The exhibition went on to the

Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States. The museum is based in the Art Institute of Chicago Building in Chicago's Grant Park (Chicago), Grant Park. Its collection, stewa ...

and then to The Copley Society of Art in Boston,International Exhibition of Modern Art
catalogue cover, Copley Society of Boston, Copley Hall, Boston, Mass., 1913 where, due to a lack of space, all the work by American artists was removed. Brown, Milton W. ''The Story of the Armory Show'', Joseph H. Hirshhorn Foundation, New York, 1963, pp. 185–186 The show became an important event in the history of

American art Visual art of the United States or American art is visual art made in the United States or by U.S. artists. Before colonization, there were many flourishing traditions of Native American art, and where the Spanish colonized Spanish Colonial arc ...

, introducing Americans, who were accustomed to realistic art, to the experimental styles of the European avant garde, including Fauvism and Cubism. The show served as a catalyst for American artists, who became more independent and created their own "artistic language".

"The origins of the show lie in the emergence of progressive groups and independent exhibitions in the early 20th century (with significant French precedents), which challenged the aesthetic ideals, exclusionary policies, and authority of the National Academy of Design, while expanding exhibition and sales opportunities, enhancing public knowledge, and enlarging audiences for contemporary art."

History

On December 14, 1911, an early meeting of what would become the Association of American Painters and Sculptors (AAPS) was organized at Madison Gallery in New York. Four artists met to discuss the contemporary art scene in the United States, and the possibilities of organizing exhibitions of progressive artworks by living American and foreign artists, favoring works ignored or rejected by current exhibitions. The meeting included Henry Fitch Taylor, Jerome Myers, Elmer Livingston MacRae and Walt Kuhn. In January 1912, Walt Kuhn, Walter Pach, and Arthur B. Davies joined with some two dozen of their colleagues to reinforce a professional coalition: AAPS. They intended the organization to "lead the public taste in art, rather than follow it". Other founding AAPS members included D. Putnam Brinley, Gutzon Borglum, John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke, Leon Dabo, William J. Glackens, Ernest Lawson, Jonas Lie, George Luks, Karl Anderson, James E.Fraser, Allen Tucker, and J. Alden Weir. AAPS was to be dedicated to creating new exhibition opportunities for young artists outside of the existing academic boundaries, as well as to providing educational art experiences for the American public. Davies served as president of AAPS, with Kuhn acting as secretary. The AAPS members spent more than a year planning their first project: the International Exhibition of Modern Art, a show of giant proportions, unlike any New York had seen. The 69th Regiment Armory was settled on as the main site for the exhibition in the spring of 1912, rented for a fee of $5,000, plus an additional $500 for additional personnel. It was confirmed that the show would later travel to Chicago and Boston. Once the space had been secured, the most complicated planning task was selecting the art for the show, particularly after the decision was made to include a large proportion of vanguard European work, most of which had never been seen by an American audience. In September 1912, Kuhn left for an extended collecting tour through Europe, including stops at cities in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and France, visiting galleries, collections and studios and contracting for loans as he went. While in Paris Kuhn met up with Pach, who knew the art scene there intimately, and was friends with Marcel Duchamp and

Henri Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual arts, visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a drawing, draughtsman, printmaking, printmaker, ...

; Davies joined them there in November 1912. Together they secured three paintings that would end up being among the Armory Show's most famous and polarizing: Matisse's '' Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)'' and '' Madras Rouge'' (''Red Madras Headdress''), and Duchamp's '' Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2''. Only after Davies and Kuhn returned to New York in December did they issue an invitation for American artists to participate. Pach was the only American artist to be closely affiliated with the Section d'Or group of artists, including

Albert Gleizes Albert Gleizes (; 8 December 1881 – 23 June 1953) was a French artist, theoretician, philosopher, a self-proclaimed founder of Cubism and an influence on the School of Paris. Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger wrote the first major treatise on ...

Jean Metzinger Jean Dominique Antony Metzinger (; 24 June 1883 – 3 November 1956) was a major 20th-century French painter, theorist, writer, critic and poet, who along with Albert Gleizes wrote the first theoretical work on Cubism. His earliest works, from 1 ...

, Duchamp brothers Marcel Duchamp, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Jacques Villon and others. Pach was responsible for securing loans from these painters for the Armory Show. Most of the artists in Paris who sent works to the Armory Show knew Pach personally and entrusted their works to him.Laurette E. McCarthy, Walter Pach, Walter Pach (1883–1958), ''The Armory Show and the Untold Story of Modern Art in America'', Penn State Press, 2011
/ref> The Armory Show was the first, and ultimately the only exhibition mounted by the AAPS. In 1913, the art collector and lawyer John Quinn fought to overturn censorship laws restricting modern art and literature from entering the United States. He convinced the

United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, ...

to overturn the 1909 Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act, which retained the duty on foreign works of art less than 20 years old, discouraging Americans from collecting modern European art. Quinn opened the Armory Show exhibition with the words: The Armory Show displayed some 1,300 paintings, sculptures, and decorative works by over 300

avant-garde In the arts and literature, the term ''avant-garde'' ( meaning or ) identifies an experimental genre or work of art, and the artist who created it, which usually is aesthetically innovative, whilst initially being ideologically unacceptable ...

European and American artists. Impressionist, Fauvist, and Cubist works were represented. The publicity that stormed the show had been well sought, with the publication of half-tone postcards of 57 works, including the Duchamp nude that would become its most infamous. News reports and reviews were filled with accusations of quackery, insanity, immorality, and anarchy, as well as parodies, caricatures, doggerels, and mock exhibitions. Some responded with laughter, as the artist John French Sloan seemed to not take the exhibition seriously in his published cartoon, "A slight attack of third brought on by excessive study of the much-talked of cubist pictures in the International Exhibition at New York". About the modern works, former President

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as Teddy or T.R., was the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. Roosevelt previously was involved in New York (state), New York politics, incl ...

declared, "That's not art!" The civil authorities did not, however, close down or otherwise interfere with the show. Among the scandalously radical works of art, pride of place goes to Marcel Duchamp's cubist/ futurist style '' Nude Descending a Staircase,'' painted the year before, in which he expressed motion with successive superimposed images, as in motion pictures. Julian Street, an art critic, wrote that the work resembled "an explosion in a shingle factory" (this quote is also attributed to Joel Spingarn), and cartoonists satirized the piece. Gutzon Borglum, one of the early organizers of the show who for a variety of reasons withdrew both his organizational prowess and his work, labeled this piece ''A staircase descending a nude'', while J. F. Griswold, a writer for the '' New York Evening Sun'', entitled it ''The rude descending a staircase (Rush hour in the subway)''. The painting was purchased from the Armory Show by Frederic C. Torrey of San Francisco. The purchase of

Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( , , ; ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter whose work introduced new modes of representation, influenced avant-garde artistic movements of the early 20th century a ...

's ''Hill of the Poor ( View of the Domaine Saint-Joseph)'' by the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...

signaled an integration of modernism into the established New York museums, but among the younger artists represented, Cézanne was already an established master. Duchamp's brother, who went by the " nom de guerre" Jacques Villon, also exhibited, sold all his Cubist drypoint etchings, and struck a sympathetic chord with New York collectors who supported him in the following decades. The exhibition went on to show at the

and then to The Copley Society of Art in Boston, where, due to a lack of space, all the work by American artists was removed. While in Chicago, the exhibition created a scandal that reached the governor's office. Several articles in the press recounted the issue. In one newspaper the headline read: ''Cubist Art Will be Investigated; Illinois Legislative Investigators to Probe the Moral Tone of the Much Touted Art'':

Floor plan

The following shows the content of each gallery: * Gallery A: ''American Sculpture and Decorative Art'' * Gallery B: ''American Paintings and Sculpture'' * Gallery C, D, E, F: ''American Paintings'' * Gallery G: ''English, Irish and German Paintings and Drawings'' * Gallery H, I: ''French Painting and Sculpture'' * Gallery J: ''French Paintings, Water Colors and Drawings'' * Gallery K: ''French and American Water Colors, Drawings, etc.'' * Gallery L: ''American Water Colors, Drawings, etc.'' * Gallery M: ''American Paintings'' * Gallery N: ''American Paintings and Sculpture'' * Gallery O: ''French Paintings'' * Gallery P: ''French, English, Dutch and American Paintings'' * Gallery Q: ''French Paintings'' * Gallery R: ''French, English and Swiss Paintings''

Legacy

The original exhibition was an overwhelming success. There have been several exhibitions that were celebrations of its legacy throughout the 20th century. In 1944 the Cincinnati Art Museum mounted a smaller version, in 1958

Amherst College Amherst College ( ) is a Private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1821 as an attempt to relocate Williams College by its then-president Zepha ...

held an exhibition of 62 works, 41 of which were in the original show, and in 1963 the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute in

Utica, New York Utica () is the county seat of Oneida County, New York, United States. The tenth-most populous city in New York, its population was 65,283 in the 2020 census. It is located on the Mohawk River in the Mohawk Valley at the foot of the Adiro ...

, organized the "1913 Armory Show 50th Anniversary Exhibition" sponsored by the Henry Street Settlement in New York, which included more than 300 works. '' Experiments in Art and Technology'' (E.A.T.) was officially launched by the engineers Billy Klüver and Fred Waldhauer and the artists Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman when they collaborated in 1966 and together organized ''9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering'', a series of

performance art Performance art is an artwork or art exhibition created through actions executed by the artist or other participants. It may be witnessed live or through documentation, spontaneously developed or written, and is traditionally presented to a pu ...

presentations that united artists and engineers. Ten artists worked with more than 30 engineers to produce art performances incorporating new technology. The performances were held in the 69th Regiment Armory, as an homage to the original and historical 1913 Armory show. In February 2009, the Art Dealers Association of America (ADAA) presented its 21st annual ''Art Show'' to benefit the Henry Street Settlement, at the Seventh Regiment Armory, located between 66th and 67th Streets and

Park A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. Urban parks are urban green space, green spaces set aside for recreation inside t ...

and

Lexington Avenue Lexington Avenue, often colloquially abbreviated as "Lex", is an avenue on the East Side (Manhattan), East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The avenue carries southbound one-way traffic from East 131st Street (Manhattan), 131st Street to Gra ...

s in New York City. The exhibition began as a historical homage to the original 1913 Armory Show. Starting with a small exhibition in 1994, by 2001 The Armory Show, now held at the Javits Center, evolved into a "hugely entertaining" (''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...

'') annual contemporary arts festival with a strong commercial bent.

Commemorating the centennial

Many exhibitions in 2013 celebrated the 100th anniversary of the 1913 Armory Show, as well as a number of publications, virtual exhibitions, and programs. The first exhibition, "The New Spirit: American Art in the Armory Show, 1913," opened at the Montclair Art Museum on February 17, 2013, a hundred years to the day from the original. The second exhibition was organized by the New-York Historical Society and titled "The Armory Show at 100," taking place from October 18, 2013, through February 23, 2014. The Smithsonian's Archives of American Art, which lent dozens of historic documents to both the New York Historical Society and Montclair for the exhibitions, created an online timeline of events, ''1913 Armory Show: the Story in Primary Sources,'' to showcase the records and documents created by the show's organizers. Showing contemporary work, a third exhibition, The Fountain Art Fair, was held at the 69th Regiment Armory itself during the 100th anniversary during March 8–10, 2013. The ethos of Fountain Art Fair was inspired by Duchamp's famous "Fountain" which was the symbol of the Fair. The Art Institute of Chicago, which was the only museum to host the 1913 Armory Show, presented works February 20 – May 12, 2013, the items drawn from the museum's modern collection that were displayed in the original 1913 exhibition. The DePaul Art Museum in Chicago, Illinois presented ''For and Against Modern Art: The Armory Show +100'', from April 4 to June 16, 2013. The International Print Center in New York held an exhibition, "1913 Armory Show Revisited: the Artists and their Prints," of prints from the show or by artists whose work in other media was included.Andress, Sarah
"1913 Armory Show Revisited: The Artists and their Prints,"
''Art in Print'' Vol. 3 No. 2 (July–August 2013). In addition, the Greenwich Historical Society presented ''The New Spirit and the Cos Cob Art Colony: Before and After the Armory Show'', from October 9, 2013, through January 12, 2014. The show focused on the effects of the Armory Show on the Cos Cob Art Colony, and highlighted the involvement of artists such as Elmer Livingston MacRae and Henry Fitch Taylor in producing the show. American filmmaker Michael Maglaras produced a documentary film about the Armory Show entitled, ''The Great Confusion: The 1913 Armory Show''. The film premiered on September 26, 2013, at the New Britain Museum of American Art in

New Britain, Connecticut New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located approximately southwest of Hartford, Connecticut, Hartford. The city is part of the Capitol Planning Region, Connecticut, Capitol ...

List of artists

Below is a partial list of the artists in the show. These artists are all listed in the 50th anniversary catalog as having exhibited in the original 1913 Armory show.''1913 Armory Show 50th Anniversary Exhibition 1963'' copyright and organized by Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute, copyright and sponsored by the Henry Street Settlement, New York City,

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It also administers Copyright law o ...

card number 63-13993 * Robert Ingersoll Aitken *

Alexander Archipenko Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko (February 25, 1964) was a Ukrainian-American avant-garde artist, sculpture, sculptor, and graphic designer, graphic artist, active in France and the United States. He was one of the first to apply the principles o ...

George Grey Barnard George Grey Barnard (May 24, 1863 – April 24, 1938), often written George Gray Barnard, was an American sculptor who trained in Paris. He is especially noted for his heroic sized ''Struggle of the Two Natures in Man'' at the Metropolitan Museum ...

* Chester Beach * Gifford Beal * Maurice Becker * George Bellows * Joseph Bernard * Guy Pène du Bois * Oscar Bluemner * Hanns Bolz * Pierre Bonnard * Solon Borglum * Antoine Bourdelle * Constantin Brâncuși * Georges Braque * Bessie Marsh Brewer * Patrick Henry Bruce * Paul Burlin * Theodore Earl Butler * Charles Camoin * Arthur Carles * Mary Cassatt * Oscar Cesare *

* Robert Winthrop Chanler *

Pierre Puvis de Chavannes Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (; 14 December 1824 – 24 October 1898) was a French painter known for his mural painting, who came to be known as "the painter for France". He became the co-founder and president of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Ar ...

* John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke * Nessa Cohen *

Camille Corot Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot ( , , ; 16 July 1796 – 22 February 1875), or simply Camille Corot, was a French landscape and portrait painter as well as a printmaker in etching. A pivotal figure in landscape painting, his vast output si ...

* Kate Cory * Gustave Courbet * Henri-Edmond Cross * Leon Dabo * Andrew Dasburg *

Honoré Daumier Honoré-Victorin Daumier (; February 26, 1808 – February 10 or 11, 1879) was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the July Revolution, Revolution of 1830 ...

* Jo Davidson * Arthur B. Davies (President) * Stuart Davis * Edgar Degas *

Eugène Delacroix Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( ; ; 26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French people, French Romanticism, Romantic artist who was regarded as the leader of the French Romantic school.Noon, Patrick, et al., ''Crossing the Channel: ...

Robert Delaunay Robert Delaunay (; 12 April 1885 – 25 October 1941) was a French artist of the School of Paris movement; who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, co-founded the Orphism (art), Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and g ...

* Maurice Denis * André Derain * Katherine Sophie Dreier * Marcel Duchamp * Georges Dufrénoy * Raoul Dufy * Jacob Epstein * Mary Foote * Roger de La Fresnaye * Othon Friesz * Paul Gauguin * William Glackens *

Vincent van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade, he created approximately 2,100 artworks ...

Francisco Goya Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (; ; 30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish Romanticism, romantic painter and Printmaking, printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Hi ...

* Marsden Hartley *

Childe Hassam Frederick Childe Hassam (; October 17, 1859 – August 27, 1935) was an American Impressionist painter, noted for his urban and coastal scenes. Along with Mary Cassatt and John Henry Twachtman, Hassam was instrumental in promulgating Impressionis ...

* Robert Henri *

Edward Hopper Edward Hopper (July 22, 1882 – May 15, 1967) was an American realism painter and printmaker. He is one of America's most renowned artists and known for his skill in depicting modern American life and landscapes. Born in Nyack, New York, to a ...

* Ferdinand Hodler * Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres * James Dickson Innes * Augustus John * Gwen John *

Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky ( – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and art theorist. Kandinsky is generally credited as one of the pioneers of abstract art, abstraction in western art. Born in Moscow, he spent his childhood in ...

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938) was a German Expressionism, expressionist Painting, painter and printmaker and one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expr ...

* Leon Kroll * Walt Kuhn (Founder) * Gaston Lachaise * Marie Laurencin * Ernest Lawson * Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec * Arthur Lee * Fernand Léger * Wilhelm Lehmbruck * Jonas Lie * Amy Londoner * George Luks * Aristide Maillol *

Édouard Manet Édouard Manet (, ; ; 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French Modernism, modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism (art movement), R ...

* Henri Manguin * Edward Middleton Manigault * John Marin * Albert Marquet *

* Alfred Henry Maurer * Kenneth Hayes Miller * David Milne *

Claude Monet Oscar-Claude Monet (, ; ; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter and founder of Impressionism painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it. During his ...

* Adolphe Monticelli *

Edvard Munch Edvard Munch ( ; ; 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) was a Norwegian painter. His 1893 work ''The Scream'' has become one of Western art's most acclaimed images. His childhood was overshadowed by illness, bereavement and the dread of inher ...

* Ethel Myers * Jerome Myers (Founder) * Elie Nadelman * Olga Oppenheimer * Walter Pach * Jules Pascin * Agnes Pelton *

Francis Picabia Francis Picabia (: born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia; 22January 1879 – 30November 1953) was a French avant-garde painter, writer, filmmaker, magazine publisher, poet, and typography, typographist closely associated with Dada. When consid ...

Pablo Picasso Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, Ceramic art, ceramicist, and Scenic ...

* Camille Pissarro * Maurice Prendergast *

Odilon Redon Odilon Redon (born Bertrand Redon; ; 20 April 18406 July 1916) was a French Symbolist painting, Symbolist draftsman, printmaker, and painter. Early in his career, both before and after fighting in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon worked almost exc ...

* Pierre-Auguste Renoir * Boardman Robinson * Theodore Robinson *

Auguste Rodin François Auguste René Rodin (; ; 12 November 184017 November 1917) was a French sculptor generally considered the founder of modern sculpture. He was schooled traditionally and took a craftsman-like approach to his work. Rodin possessed a u ...

* Georges Rouault *

Henri Rousseau Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (; 21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910)
at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, Gug ...

* Morgan Russell *

Albert Pinkham Ryder Albert Pinkham Ryder (March 19, 1847 – March 28, 1917) was an American painter best known for his poetic and moody allegory, allegorical works and seascapes, as well as his Eccentricity (behavior), eccentric personality. While his art shared an ...

* André Dunoyer de Segonzac * Georges Seurat *

Charles Sheeler Charles Sheeler (July 16, 1883 – May 7, 1965) was an American artist known for his Precisionism, Precisionist paintings, commercial photographer, commercial photography, and the 1921 avant-garde film, ''Manhatta'', which he made in collaboratio ...

* Walter Sickert * Paul Signac * Alfred Sisley * John Sloan * Amadeo de Souza Cardoso * Joseph Stella * Felix E. Tobeen * John Henry Twachtman *

Félix Vallotton Félix Édouard Vallotton (; December 28, 1865December 29, 1925) was a Swiss and French painter and printmaker associated with the group of artists known as '. He was an important figure in the development of the modern woodcut. He painted portra ...

* Raymond Duchamp-Villon * Jacques Villon * Maurice de Vlaminck * Bessie Potter Vonnoh *

Édouard Vuillard Jean-Édouard Vuillard (; 11 November 186821 June 1940) was a French painter, decorative artist, and printmaker. From 1891 through 1900, Vuillard was a member of the avant garde artistic group Les Nabis, creating paintings that assembled areas ...

* Abraham Walkowitz * J. Alden Weir *

James Abbott McNeill Whistler James Abbott McNeill Whistler (; July 10, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter in oils and watercolor, and printmaker, active during the American Gilded Age and based primarily in the United Kingdom. He eschewed sentimentality and moral a ...

* Enid Yandell * Jack B. Yeats * Mahonri Young * Marguerite Zorach * William Zorach

List of women artists

Women artists in the Armory Show includes those from the United States and from Europe. Approximately a fifth of the artists showing at the armory were women, many of whom have since been neglected.

Images

File:Armory Show 1.jpg, Entrance of the Exhibition, 1913, New York City File:Armory Show 2.jpg, Interior view of the exhibition, 1913, New York City File:Armory Show 3.jpg, Interior view of the exhibition, 1913, New York City File:Armory Show artists and members of the press at the beefsteak dinner given by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors, 8 March 1913.jpg, Armory Show artists and members of the press at the beefsteak dinner given by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors, March 8, 1913. Percy Rainford, photographer. Walt Kuhn family papers and Armory Show records, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution File:Installation shot of the Matisse room, 1913 Armory Show, published in the New York Tribune, February 17, 1913, p. 7.jpg, Installation shot of the Matisse room, 1913 Armory Show, published in the New York Tribune (p. 7), February 17, 1913. From the left: ''Le Luxe II'', 1907–08, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen; " Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)", 1907, Baltimore Museum of Art; '' L'Atelier Rouge'', 1911, Museum of Modern Art, New York City File:Armory Show, 1913, the Cubist room, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Albert Gleizes, Marcel Duchamp, Alexander Archipenko, New York Tribune, 17 February 1913, p. 7.jpg, Installation shot of the Cubist room, published in the New York Tribune, February 17, 1913 (p. 7). Left to right: Raymond Duchamp-Villon, ''La Maison Cubiste (Projet d'Hotel), Cubist House''; Marcel Duchamp ''Nude (Study), Sad Young Man on a Train'';

, '' L'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony''; Marcel Duchamp, '' Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2'';

, ''La Vie Familiale, Family Life''

Selected painting and sculpture

Image:Christ sur la mer de Galilée (Delacroix) Walters Art Museum 37.186.jpg,

, ''Christ on the Sea of Galilee'', 1854 Honoré Daumier (French, Marseilles 1808–1879 Valmondois) - The Third-Class Carriage - Google Art Project.jpg,

, ''The Third Class Wagon,'' 1862–1864 Edouard Manet 063.jpg,

, ''The Bullfight'', 1866 Image:Whistlers Mother high res.jpg,

, '' Arrangement in Grey and Black: The Artist's Mother'' 1871, popularly known as '' Whistler's Mother,''

Musée d'Orsay The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) () is a museum in Paris, France, on the Rive Gauche, Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux-Arts railway station built from 1898 to 1900. The museum holds mai ...

, Paris. Although Whistler was represented by four paintings in the Armory show this was not included. Pierre-Auguste Renoir - In the Garden.jpg, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, ''In The Garden'' 1885,

Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and holds the large ...

, St. Petersburg Mary Cassatt, 1902, Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window.jpg, Mary Cassatt, ''Mère et enfant (Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window)'', c.1902 Georges Seurat - Les Poseuses.jpg, Georges Seurat, ''

Models A model is an informative representation of an object, person, or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin , . Models can be divided int ...

'' (''Les Poseuses'') 1886–1888, Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait, c. 1887, oil on canvas, 15 3-4 by 13 3-8 inches. Wadsworth Athenaeum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut.jpg,

, Self-Portrait, c. 1887, oil on canvas, 40 × 34 cm ( by ). Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut Adeline Ravoux, by Vincent van Gogh, Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.31.jpg,

, ''Portrait of Adeline Ravoux'' 1890,

Cleveland Museum of Art The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Located in the Wade Park District of University Circle, the museum is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian art, Asian and Art of anc ...

Van Gogh - Berglandschaft in Saint-Rémy.jpeg,

, ''Mountain in Saint-Rémy'', 1889, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Albert Pinkham Ryder - Moonlit Cove - Google Art Project.jpg,

, ''Seacoast in Moonlight,'' 1890, the Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C. Words of the Devil.jpg, Paul Gauguin, ''Words of the Devil,'' 1892, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Paul Gauguin 121.jpg, Paul Gauguin, ''Nature morte à l'estampe japonaise (Flowers Against a Yellow Background)'', 1889, oil on canvas, 72.4 × 93.7 cm, Museum of Contemporary Art, Tehran Paul Gauguin 051.jpg, Paul Gauguin, ''Tahitian Pastorals, (Reo Māohi: Faa iheihe (Faaieie))'', 1898,

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of more than 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current di ...

on loan from the

Tate Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the UK ...

Henri Rousseau (French) - A Centennial of Independence - Google Art Project.jpg,

Henri Rousseau Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (; 21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910)
at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, Gug ...

, ''The Centenary of the Revolution'', 1892 Henri Rousseau, 1910, Cheval attaqué par un jaguar (Jaguar Attacking a Horse), oil on canvas, 116 x 90 cm, Pushkin Museum.jpg, Henri Rousseau, ''Cheval attaqué par un jaguar'' (''Jaguar Attacking a Horse''), 1910, oil on canvas, 116 × 90 cm,

Pushkin Museum The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (, abbreviated as , ''GMII'') is the largest museum of European art in Moscow. It is located in Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The International musical festival Sviatos ...

Edvard Munch - Vampire (1895) - Google Art Project.jpg,

, ''Vampire'' 1893–94,

Nasjonalgalleriet The National Gallery () is a gallery in Oslo, Norway. Since 2003 it is administratively a part of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design. History It was established in 1842 following a parliamentary decision from 1836. Originally lo ...

, Oslo Paul Cézanne 067.jpg,

, ''Old Woman with Rosary,'' 1895–1896 Paul Cézanne 013.jpg,

, ''Baigneuses'', 1877–1878 Julian Alden Weir 001.jpg, Julian Alden Weir, ''The Red Bridge'', 1895 Water-Lilies-and-Japanese-Bridge-(1897-1899)-Monet.jpg,

, '' Water Lilies and Japanese Bridge,'' 1897–1899 JohnTwachtman-Hemlock Pool c1900.jpg, John Twachtman, ''Hemlock Pool,'' c.1900 Image:Henri Edmond Cross 001.jpg, Henri-Edmond Cross, ''Cypresses at Cagnes,'' c.1900 Paul Signac Port de Marseille.jpg, Paul Signac, ''Port de Marseille'', 1905,

André Derain, 1912, Window on the Park (La Fênetre sur le parc), 130.8 x 89.5 cm (51.5 x 35.25 in), Museum of Modern Art, NY.jpg, André Derain, 1912, ''Window on the Park (La Fênetre sur le parc)'', 130.8 × 89.5 cm,

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

, New York Brooklyn Museum - Landscape in Provence (Paysage de Provence) - André Derain.jpg, André Derain, ''Landscape in Provence (Paysage de Provence)'' (c. 1908),

Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum in the New York City borough (New York City), borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 500,000 objects. Located near the Prospect Heig ...

, Brooklyn Odilon Redon, Le Silence.jpg,

, ''Le Silence'', 1900, pastel, 54.6 × 54 cm,

, New York Roger and Angelica-Redon.jpg,

, ''Roger and Angelica'', 1910 Both Members of This Club George Bellows.jpeg, George Bellows, '' Both Members of This Club'', × , National Gallery of Art, 1909 Landscape with Figures by Othon Friesz 1909.jpg, Othon Friesz, ''Landscape with Figures'', 1909, oil on canvas, 65 × 83 cm Cardoso02.jpg, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, ''Saut du Lapin'', 1911 Amadeo Avant la Corrida 1912 oil on canvas 60x92cm.jpg, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, ''Avant la Corrida'', 1912, oil on canvas, 60 × 92 cm,

Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (), commonly referred to simply as the Gulbenkian Foundation, is a Portuguese institution dedicated to the promotion of the arts, philanthropy, science, and education. One of the wealthiest charitable founda ...

, Lisbon, Portugal Robert W. Chanler, Leopard and Deer.jpg, Robert Winthrop Chanler, ''Leopard and Deer'', 1912, gouache or tempera on canvas, mounted on wood, 194.3 × 133.4 cm, Rokeby Collection Edward Middleton Manigault - The Clown (1912).jpg, Edward Middleton Manigault, ''The Clown'', 1910–12, oil on canvas, 86.4 × 63.2 cm, Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio Still Life Patrick Henry Bruce.jpeg, Patrick Henry Bruce, ''Still Life'', Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Spielende nackte Menschen 1910-1.jpg,

, ''Naked Playing People'', 1910 Vassily Kandinsky, 1912 - Improvisation 27, Garden of Love II.jpg,

, ''Improvisation 27 (Garden of Love II)'', 1912, oil on canvas, , The

, New York Maurice B. Prendergast, Landscape With Figures, 1913.jpg, Maurice Prendergast, ''Landscape With Figures'', 1913 Robert Henri - Figure en mouvement.jpg, Robert Henri, ''Figure in Motion'', 1913 Arthur B. Davies - Reclining Woman (Drawing), 1911.jpg, Arthur B. Davies, ''Reclining Woman (Drawing)'', 1911, Pastel on gray paper Matisse.mme-matisse-madras.jpg,

, '' Madras Rouge'', ''The Red Turban'', 1907, Barnes Foundation Matisse Souvenir de Biskra.jpg,

, '' Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)'', 1907, Baltimore Museum of Art Henri Matisse, Le Luxe II, 1907–8, Distemper on canvas; 82 1-2 x 54 3-4 in. (209.5 x 138 cm), Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen.jpg,

, ''Le Luxe II'', 1907–08, distemper on canvas, 209.5 × 138 cm, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen Atelier rouge matisse 1.jpg,

, '' L'Atelier Rouge'', 1911, oil on canvas, 162 × 130 cm., The Museum of Modern Art Pablo Picasso, 1910, Woman with Mustard Pot (La Femme au pot de moutarde), oil on canvas, 73 x 60 cm, Gemeentemuseum, The Hague. Exhibited at the Armory Show, New York, Chicago, Boston 1913.jpg,

, 1910, '' Woman with Mustard Pot (La Femme au pot de moutarde)'', oil on canvas, 73 × 60 cm, Gemeentemuseum, The Hague Georges Braque, 1912, Violin, Mozart Kubelick, oil on canvas, 45.7 x 61 cm (18 x 24 in), Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg, Georges Braque, ''Violin: "Mozart Kubelick"'', 1912, oil on canvas, 45.7 × 61 cm,

Albert Gleizes, 1910, Femme aux Phlox, oil on canvas, 81 x 100 cm, exhibited Armory Show, New York, 1913, The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston..jpg,

, 1910, '' La Femme aux Phlox (Woman with Phlox)'', oil on canvas, 81 × 100 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Albert Gleizes, l'Homme au Balcon, 1912, oil on canvas, 195.6 x 114.9 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg,

, '' L'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony (Portrait of Dr. Théo Morinaud)'', 1912,

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMA) is an List of art museums#North America, art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at ...

. Published in th
Record Herald, Chicago, 25 March 1913
(see page 140) Duchamp - Nude Descending a Staircase.jpg, Marcel Duchamp, '' Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2,'' 1912,

Marcel Duchamp, 1911-12, Nude (Study), Sad Young Man on a Train (Nu -esquisse-, jeune homme triste dans un train), Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice.jpg, Marcel Duchamp, 1911–1912, ''Nude (Study), Sad Young Man on a Train (Nu, esquisse, jeune homme triste dans un train)'', oil on cardboard mounted on Masonite, 100 × 73 cm, Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice Francis Picabia, ca.1910, Grimaldi après la pluie (after the rain), location unknown.jpg,

, ''Grimaldi après la pluie'' (believed to be ''Souvenir of Grimaldi, Italy''), , location unknown Francis Picabia, The Dance at the Spring, 1912, oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg,

, ''The Dance at the Spring'', 1912, oil on canvas, ,

, Philadelphia Francis Picabia, 1912, The Procession, Seville, oil on canvas, 121.9 x 121.9 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.jpg,

, ''The Procession, Seville'', 1912, oil on canvas, 121.9 × 121.9 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Robert Delaunay- Window on the City, No. 4 1910-11 (1912).jpg,

, ''Window on the City, No. 4'', 1910–11 (1912) Jacques Villon, 1912, Girl at the Piano, oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.4 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York...jpg, Jacques Villon, 1912, ''Girl at the Piano (Fillette au piano)'', oil on canvas, 129.2 × 96.4 cm, oval,

, New York. Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, New York, Chicago and Boston. Purchased from the Armory Show by John Quinn Aristide Maillol, Bas Relief, terracota, Armory Show catalogue image.jpg, Aristide Maillol, ''Bas Relief'', terracotta. Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, New York, Chicago, Boston. Catalogue image (no. 110) Alexander Archipenko, 1910-11, Negress (La Negresse), Armory Show catalogue photo.jpg,

, 1910–11, ''Negress (La Negresse)'', Armory Show catalogue photo Alexander Archipenko, La Vie Familiale, Family Life, 1912.jpg,

, ''La Vie Familiale'' (''Family Life''), 1912. Exhibited at the 1912 Salon d'Automne, Paris and the 1913 Armory Show in New York, Chicago and Boston. The original sculpture (approx six feet tall) was accidentally destroyed Alexander Archipenko, 1912, Le Repos, Armory Show post card, 1913.jpg,

, ''Le Repos'', 1912, Armory Show postcard published in 1913 Constantin Brancusi, 1909, Portrait De Femme (La Baronne Renée Frachon), now lost. Armory Show, published press clipping, 1913.jpg, Constantin Brâncuși, 1909, ''Portrait De Femme (La Baronne Renée Frachon)'', now lost. Armory Show, published press clipping, 1913 Constantin Brancusi, Portrait of Mlle Pogany, 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Modern Art, Philadelphia..jpg, Constantin Brâncuși, 1912, ''Portrait of Mlle Pogany'',

. Armory Show postcard Constantin Brancusi, 1907-08, The Kiss, Exhibited at the Armory Show and published in the Chicago Tribune, 25 March 1913..jpg, Constantin Brâncuși, ''The Kiss'', 1907–1908, published in the ''Chicago Tribune'', March 25, 1913 Constantine Brancusi, Une Muse, 1912, plaster, 45.7 cm (18 in.). Armory Show postcard.jpg, Constantin Brâncuși, ''Une Muse'', 1912, plaster, 45.7 cm (18 in.) Armory Show postcard. Exhibited: New York (no. 618); The Art Institute of Chicago (no. 26) and Boston, Copley Hall (no. 8) Andrew Dasburg, Lucifer, 1913, plaster of Paris, exhibited at the 1913 Armory show, no. 647.jpg, Andrew Dasburg, , ''Lucifer'', plaster of Paris, no. 647 of the catalogue. Dasburg extensively reworked by carving directly into a sculpture of a life-size plaster head by Arthur Lee. Abastenia St. Leger Eberle, 1912-13, The White Slave.jpg, Abastenia St. Leger Eberle, 1912–13, ''The White Slave''. Photograph from ''The Survey'', Journal Publication, Ohio, May 3, 1913 John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke, Group, Armory show postcard, 1913.jpg, John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke, , ''Group'', sculpture, Armory show postcard Wilhelm Lehmbruck, 1911, Femme á genoux (The Kneeling One), cast stone, plaster, 176 x 138 x 70 cm (69.2 x 54.5 x 27.5 in), Armory Show postcard.jpg, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, 1911, ''Femme á genoux (The Kneeling One)'', cast stone, 176 × 138 × 70 cm, Armory Show postcard Raymond Duchamp-Villon, 1910, Torse de jeune homme (Torso of a young man), terracotta, Armory Show postcard, published 1913.jpg, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, 1910–11, ''Torse de jeune homme (Torso of a young man)'', terracotta, 60.4 cm ( in), Armory Show postcard, published 1913. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Rock Drill by Jacob Epstein.jpg, Jacob Epstein, ''The Rock Drill,'' 1913, in its original form, it is now lost. Héraklès tue les oiseaux du lac Stymphale.jpg, Antoine Bourdelle, ''Herakles the Archer,'' 1909 George Grey Barnard, The Birth, marble, exhibited at the Armory Show, 1913.jpg,

, ''The Birth'', c. 1913, marble

Special installation

La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House)

At the 1912 Salon d'Automne an architectural installation was exhibited that quickly became known as ''Maison Cubiste'' (Cubist House), signed Raymond Duchamp-Villon and André Mare along with a group of collaborators. Metzinger and Gleizes in ''Du "Cubisme"'', written during the assemblage of the "Maison Cubiste", wrote about the autonomous nature of art, stressing the point that decorative considerations should not govern the spirit of art. Decorative work, to them, was the "antithesis of the picture". "The true picture" wrote Metzinger and Gleizes, "bears its ''raison d'être'' within itself. It can be moved from a church to a drawing-room, from a museum to a study. Essentially independent, necessarily complete, it need not immediately satisfy the mind: on the contrary, it should lead it, little by little, towards the fictitious depths in which the coordinative light resides. It does not harmonize with this or that ensemble; it harmonizes with things in general, with the universe: it is an organism...". "Mare's ensembles were accepted as frames for Cubist works because they allowed paintings and sculptures their independence", writes Christopher Green, "creating a play of contrasts, hence the involvement not only of Gleizes and Metzinger themselves, but of Marie Laurencin, the Duchamp brothers (Raymond Duchamp-Villon designed the facade) and Mare's old friends Léger and Roger La Fresnaye". ''La Maison Cubiste'' was a fully furnished house, with a staircase, wrought iron banisters, a living room—the ''Salon Bourgeois'', where paintings by Marcel Duchamp, Metzinger (''Woman with a Fan''), Gleizes, Laurencin and Léger were hung—and a bedroom. It was an example of ''L'art décoratif'', a home within which Cubist art could be displayed in the comfort and style of modern, bourgeois life. Spectators at the Salon d'Automne passed through the full-scale 10-by-3-meter plaster model of the ground floor of the facade, designed by Duchamp-Villon. This architectural installation was subsequently exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, New York, Chicago and Boston, listed in the catalogue of the New York exhibit as Raymond Duchamp-Villon, number 609, and entitled ''"Facade architectural, plaster"'' (''Façade architecturale'')."Catalogue of international exhibition of modern art: at the Armory of the Sixty-ninth Infantry, 1913, Duchamp-Villon, Raymond, ''Facade Architectural''
/ref>

Sources

* Sarah Douglas.
Pier Pressure
" March 26, 2008. Archived on April 11, 2008. * ''Catalogue of International Exhibition of Modern Art, at the Armory of the Sixty-Ninth Infantry, Feb 15 to March 15, 1913.'' Association of American Painters and Sculptors, 1913. * Walt Kuhn. ''The Story of the Armory Show.'' New York, 1938. * Milton W. Brown. ''The Story of the Armory Show.'' Joseph H. Hirshhorn Foundation, distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1963. epublished by Abbeville Press, 1988.* ''1913 Armory Show 50th Anniversary Exhibition.'' Text by Milton W. Brown. Utica: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1963.
Walter Pach Papers
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Walt Kuhn, Kuhn Family Papers, and Armory Show Records
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

References

External links

1913 Armory Show

''The Armory Show at 100: Modern Art and Revolution'', The New-York Historical Society

Smithsonian, Archives of American Art, Walt Kuhn scrapbook of press clippings documenting the Armory Show, vol. 2, 1913. Armory Show catalogue (illustrated) from pages 159 through 236

Catalogue of international exhibition of modern art Association of American Painters and Sculptors. Published 1913 by the Association in New York

1913 Armory Show: the Story in Primary Sources
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

from the American Studies Programs at the University of Virginia
Works of art exhibited at the Armory Show of the association of American Painters and Sculptors, New York
Library of Congress
''The Armory Show at 100: Armory Show 1913 Complete List'', The New-York Historical Society

Armory shows after 1913

The "New" Armory Show

Artkrush.com feature on the 2006 Armory Show (March, 2006)

2010 Armory Show

Swann Galleries – The Armory Show at 100 – Exhibition through November 5, 2013

Armory Show 2014: List of exhibiting galleries
{{Authority control Art exhibitions in the United States Modern art 1913 in art 1913 in New York City Cultural history of the United States Culture of New York City February 1913 in the United States March 1913 in the United States