Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1920
– November 13, 2014) was an American
quality control
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".
This approach places ...
expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired
Total Quality Management.
Biography

Feigenbaum, known as “Val”, received a bachelor's degree in industrial administration from
Union College, his master's degree from the
MIT Sloan School of Management, and his
Ph.D. in Economics from
MIT. He was Director of Manufacturing Operations at
General Electric (1958–1968), and was later the President and
CEO
A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE), is one of a number of corporate executives charged with the management of an organization especially ...
of General Systems Company of
Pittsfield, Massachusetts, an engineering firm that helps companies define
business operating systems. Feigenbaum wrote several books and served as president of the
American Society for Quality (1961–1963). He worked closely with his brother, Donald S. Feigenbaum.

He died on November 13, 2014, at the age of 94.
Key ideas
Val Feigenbaum's contributions to the quality
body of knowledge
A body of knowledge (BOK or BoK) is the complete set of concepts, terms and activities that make up a professional domain, as defined by the relevant learned society or professional association.Oliver, G.R. (2012). ''Foundations of the Assumed Bus ...
include:
*"
Total quality control
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".
This approach places ...
is an effective system for integrating the quality development, quality maintenance, and quality improvement efforts of the various groups in an organization so as to enable production and service at the most economical levels which allow full customer satisfaction."
*The concept of a "hidden" plant or factory, popularised in the 1970s: the idea that so much extra work is performed in correcting mistakes that there is effectively a hidden plant within any factory, potentially 20-40% of the total capacity.
*Accountability for quality: because quality is everybody's job, it may become nobody's job. Central to this idea is that quality must be actively managed and have visibility at the highest levels of management.
*The concept of
quality cost: the cost of achieving quality plus the cost of absence of quality.
[Powell, S.]
An interview with Armand Feigenbaum
Emerald Group Publishers, republished March 2001, archived content from an older version of the Emerald Publishing website, accessed 1 August 2021
*The time lag between the introduction of total quality initiatives inside the major companies within a country and their observed economic impact: for example,
Japanese companies
Location of Japan
This is a list of notable companies based in Japan. For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see " Business entities in Japan". Note that 株式会社 can be (and freque ...
introduced quality initiatives in the 1950s which took effect in the
Japanese economy in the 1970s and likewise the United States' quality initiatives from the 1980's saw an economic impact in the 1990s.
[Watson, G. H.]
"Feigenbaum's Enduring Influence"
in ''Quality Progress'', November 2005, p. 51, accessed 27 July 2021
*Quality is neither a department, nor a technique nor a philosophy. It is a fundamental way of managing.
Bibliography
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References
External links
ASQ Feigenbaum Biography page
1920 births
American business theorists
American chief executives
2014 deaths
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
National Medal of Technology recipients
Quality experts
Union College (New York) alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
{{US-business-bio-1920s-stub
20th-century American businesspeople