The Papuan Tip languages are a branch of the
Western Oceanic languages consisting of 60 languages.
Contact
All Papuan Tip languages, except
Nimoa,
Sudest, and the Kilivila languages (all spoken on islands off the coast of mainland
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
), have
SOV word order due to influences from nearby
Papuan languages
The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian and non- Australian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands, by around 4 million people. It is a strictly geogra ...
(Lynch, Ross, & Crowley 2002:104). Universally, this is considered to be a typologically unusual change. Since these non-
Austronesian
Austronesian may refer to:
*The Austronesian languages
*The historical Austronesian peoples
The Austronesian peoples, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of peoples in Taiwan, Maritime Southeast Asia, M ...
influences can be reconstructed for Proto-Papuan Tip, they did not simply result from recent contact among individual daughter languages.
Languages
According to Lynch, Ross, & Crowley (2002), the structure of the family is as follows:
*Nuclear Papuan Tip linkage
**Suauic linkage:
Buhutu,
'Auhelawa,
Oya'oya,
Unubahe,
Saliba,
Suau,
Bwanabwana,
Wagawaga
**North Mainland – D'Entrecasteaux linkage
***
Anuki
The Anuki language is an Austronesian language spoken by the Gabobora people along Cape Vogel in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The language was named after a highly respected deity of the people, whose sacred remains now rest in A ...
***
Gumawana
***Bwaidoga:
Bwaidoka,
Diodio (West Goodenough),
Iamalele
Iamalele (Yamalele) is an Austronesian
Austronesian may refer to:
*The Austronesian languages
*The historical Austronesian peoples
The Austronesian peoples, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of peop ...
,
Iduna,
Koluwawa,
Maiadomu
***Dobu–Duau:
Dobu
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylamphetamine (DOBU) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug and a substituted Amphetamine. DOBU was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)'', only low dosages of 2– ...
,
Molima,
Bunama,
Boselewa,
Duau,
Galeya,
Mwatebu,
Sewa Bay
***Kakabai:
Dawawa,
Kakabai
***Are–Taupota
****Are:
Are
Are commonly refers to:
* Are (unit), a unit of area equal to 100 m2
Are, ARE or Åre may also refer to:
Places
* Åre, a locality in Sweden
* Åre Municipality, a municipality in Sweden
**Åre ski resort in Sweden
* Are Parish, a municipa ...
,
Arifama-Miniafia
Arifama and Miniafia (Miniafia Oyan) are dialects of an Oceanic language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea.
References
Nuclear Papuan Tip languages
{{PapuanTip-lang-stub ...
,
Doga,
Gapapaiwa,
Ghayavi,
Kaninuwa,
Ubir
****Taupota:
Gweda,
Haigwai,
Maiwala,
Minaveha,
Taupota
Taupota is an Oceanic language of the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. It appears to be a dialect chain
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring ...
,
Tawala,
Wa'ema,
Wedau,
Yakaikeke
*Kilivila–Misima linkage
**Kilivila family:
Budibud,
Kilivila,
Muyuw
**
Misima language
Misima-Panaeati, also called Misiman, is an indigenous Austronesian language spoken on the islands of Misima, Panaeati, and the islands of the eastern half of the Calvados Chain of Papua New Guinea.
Phonology
Vowels
Misima-Paneati has 5 v ...
*Nimoa–Sudest family:
Nimoa,
Sudest
*Central Papuan Tip family
**Oumic: Magoric (
Magori,
Yoba,
Bina),
Ouma
**Sinagoro–Keapara:
Hula
Hula () is a Hawaiian dance form accompanied by chant (oli) or song ( mele). It was developed in the Hawaiian Islands by the Native Hawaiians who originally settled there. The hula dramatizes or portrays the words of the oli or mele in a visua ...
–
Keapara,
Sinaugoro
**West Central Papuan Tip
***
Motu
***
Abadi
***Nuclear West Central Papuan Tip:
Toura,
Kuni,
Mekeo,
Lala
Lala may refer to:
Geography
* Lala language (disambiguation) Places
* Lala (Naples Metro), an underground metro station in Naples, Italy
* Lala, Assam, a town in Assam, India
* Lala, Ilam, a village in Ilam Province, Iran
* Lala, Lanao del N ...
,
Waima
Maisin is difficult to classify, but its Austronesian component likely belongs with Nuclear Papuan Tip.
Yele has recently been tentatively classified as closest to Nimoa–Sudest, while others classify it as a
Papuan language.
References
{{Austronesian languages
Western Oceanic languages
Languages of Papua New Guinea