Arachide

''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one species, the peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), is a major food crop species of global importance; some of the other species are cultivated for food to a small extent in South America. Other species such as '' A. pintoi'' are cultivated worldwide as forage and soil conditioner plants, with the leaves providing high-protein feed for grazing livestock and a nitrogen source in agroforestry and permaculture systems.

''Arachis'' species, including the peanut, are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera species, including the flame shoulder, nutmeg, and turnip moth.

Species

''Arachis'' comprises the following sections and species:

Section ''Arachis''

* '' Arachis batizocoi'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis benensis'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis cardenasii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

* '' Arachis correntina'' ( Burkart) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis cruziana'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis decora'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis diogoi'' Hoehne
* '' Arachis duranensis'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis glandulifera'' Stalker
* '' Arachis gregoryi'' C. E. Simpson et al.
* ''Arachis helodes'' Mart. ex Krapov. & Rigoni
* '' Arachis herzogii'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis hoehnei'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* ''Arachis hypogaea'' L.—peanut
** subsp. ''fastigiata'' Waldron
*** var. ''aequatoriana'' Krapov. & W. C. Greg
*** var. ''fastigiata'' (Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg
*** var. ''peruviana'' Krapov. & W. C. Greg
*** var. ''vulgaris'' Harz
** subsp. ''hypogaea'' L.
*** var. ''hirsuta'' J. Kohler
*** var. ''hypogaea'' L.
* '' Arachis ipaensis'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

* '' Arachis kempff-mercadoi'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis krapovickasii'' C. E. Simpson et al.
* '' Arachis kuhlmannii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis linearifolia'' Valls et al.
* '' Arachis magna'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis microsperma'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis monticola'' Krapov. & Rigoni

* '' Arachis palustris'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis praecox'' Krapov. et al.

* '' Arachis schininii'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis simpsonii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

* '' Arachis stenosperma'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis trinitensis'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis valida'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis villosa'' Benth.
* '' Arachis williamsii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section ''Caulorrhizae''

* '' Arachis pintoi'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis repens'' Handro

Section ''Erectoides''

* '' Arachis archeri'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis benthamii'' Handro
* '' Arachis brevipetiolata'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis cryptopotamica'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis douradiana'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis gracilis'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis hatschbachii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis hermannii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis major'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis martii'' Handro
* '' Arachis oteroi'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis paraguariensis'' Chodat & Hassl.
** subsp. ''capibarensis'' Krapov. & W. C. Greg
** subsp. ''paraguariensis'' Chodat & Hassl.
* '' Arachis porphyrocalyx'' Valls & C. E. Simpson
* '' Arachis stenophylla'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section ''Extranervosae''

* '' Arachis burchellii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis lutescens'' Krapov. & Rigoni
* '' Arachis macedoi'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis marginata'' Gardner
* '' Arachis pietrarellii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis prostrata'' Benth.—grassnut
* '' Arachis retusa'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis setinervosa'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis submarginata'' Valls et al.
* '' Arachis villosulicarpa'' Hoehne

Section ''Heteranthae''

* '' Arachis dardani'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

* '' Arachis giacomettii'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis interrupta'' Valls & C. E. Simpson
* '' Arachis pusilla'' Benth.
* '' Arachis seridoensis'' Valls et al.

* '' Arachis sylvestris'' (A. Chev.) A. Chev.

Section ''Procumbentes''

* '' Arachis appressipila'' Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
* '' Arachis chiquitana'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis kretschmeri'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis hassleri'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis lignosa'' (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis matiensis'' Krapov. et al.
* '' Arachis pflugeae'' C. E. Simpson et al.
* '' Arachis rigonii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis subcoriacea'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
* '' Arachis vallsii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section ''Rhizomatosae''

* '' Arachis nitida'' Valls et al.

Series ''Prorhizomatosae''

* '' Arachis burkartii'' Handro

Series ''Rhizomatosae''

* ''Arachis glabrata'' Benth.
** var. ''glabrata'' Benth.
** var. ''hagenbeckii'' (Harms) F. J. Herm.

* '' Arachis pseudovillosa'' (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section ''Trierectoides''

* '' Arachis guaranitica'' Chodat & Hassl.
* '' Arachis tuberosa'' Benth.

Section ''Triseminatae''

* '' Arachis triseminata'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Hybrids

* ''Arachis'' × ''batizogaea'' Krapov. & A. Fernández

References

External links

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*
Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter: Morphological characterization of ''Arachis'' species of section ''Arachis''
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{{Authority control

Fabaceae genera
Forages
Flora of Southern America