''Arachis'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of about 70

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

of annual and perennial

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s in the family ( Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one species, the

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible Seed, seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small ...

(''Arachis hypogaea''), is a major food crop species of global importance; some of the other species are cultivated for food to a small extent in South America. Other species such as '' A. pintoi'' are cultivated worldwide as forage and soil conditioner plants, with the leaves providing high-protein feed for grazing livestock and a nitrogen source in agroforestry and

permaculture Permaculture is an approach to land management and settlement design that adopts arrangements observed in flourishing natural ecosystems. It includes a set of design principles derived using whole-systems thinking. It applies these principle ...

systems. ''Arachis'' species, including the peanut, are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera species, including the flame shoulder,

nutmeg Nutmeg is the seed or ground spice of several species of the genus '' Myristica''. '' Myristica fragrans'' (fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, ...

, and turnip moth.

Species

''Arachis'' comprises the following

sections Section, Sectioning or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

and species:

Section ''Arachis''

* '' Arachis batizocoi'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis benensis'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis cardenasii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis correntina'' ( Burkart) Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis cruziana'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis decora'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis diogoi'' Hoehne * ''

Arachis duranensis ''Arachis duranensis'' (syn. ''Arachis argentinensis'' Speg., ''Arachis spegazzinii'' M.Gregory & W.Gregory) is a herb found in South America, specially in North Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. This plant is cited as gene sources for research i ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis glandulifera'' Stalker * ''

Arachis gregoryi ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyly, monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At ...

'' C. E. Simpson et al. * '' Arachis helodes''

Mart. Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer. Life Martius was born at Erlangen, the son of Prof Ernst Wilhelm Martius, court apothecary. He graduated PhD f ...

ex Krapov. &

Rigoni Rigoni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alberto Rigoni, Italian bass guitarist and composer *Beatrice Rigoni (born 1995), Italian rugby union player *Benito Rigoni (1936–2021), Italian bobsledder *Emiliano Rigoni ...

* '' Arachis herzogii'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis hoehnei'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis hypogaea'' L.—peanut ** subsp. ''fastigiata'' Waldron *** var. ''aequatoriana'' Krapov. & W. C. Greg *** var. ''fastigiata'' (Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg *** var. ''peruviana'' Krapov. & W. C. Greg *** var. ''vulgaris'' Harz ** subsp. ''hypogaea'' L. *** var. ''hirsuta'' J. Kohler *** var. ''hypogaea'' L. * '' Arachis ipaensis'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis kempff-mercadoi ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. et al. * ''

Arachis krapovickasii ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' C. E. Simpson et al. * '' Arachis kuhlmannii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis linearifolia'' Valls et al. * '' Arachis magna'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis microsperma'' Krapov. et al. * ''

Arachis monticola ''Arachis monticola'' is a close relative of the domesticated peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''). Besides the peanut, it is the only other tetraploid species in the genus ''Arachis ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial ...

'' Krapov. & Rigoni * ''

Arachis palustris ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least ...

'' Krapov. et al. * ''

Arachis praecox ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least ...

'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis schininii'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis simpsonii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis stenosperma'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis trinitensis ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis valida'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis villosa'' Benth. * ''

Arachis williamsii ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section ''Caulorrhizae''

* '' Arachis pintoi'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis repens ''Arachis repens'' (Portuguese common name: ''grama-amendoim'', ″peanut grass″) is a species in the family Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,Arachis archeri ''Arachis archeri'' (Portuguese common name: ''amendoim do campo limpo'') is a herb native to Mato Grosso vegetation in Brazil. This plant is cited as gene sources for research in plant biology of peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis benthamii''

Handro Oswaldo Handro. Oswaldo Handro (1908–1986) was a Brazilian botanist who specialized in pteridophyte A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, ...

* '' Arachis brevipetiolata'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis cryptopotamica'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis douradiana ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis gracilis'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis hatschbachii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis hermannii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis major'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis martii'' Handro * '' Arachis oteroi'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis paraguariensis'' Chodat & Hassl. ** subsp. ''capibarensis'' Krapov. & W. C. Greg ** subsp. ''paraguariensis'' Chodat & Hassl. * '' Arachis porphyrocalyx'' Valls & C. E. Simpson * ''

Arachis stenophylla ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section ''Extranervosae''

* '' Arachis burchellii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis lutescens ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least ...

'' Krapov. & Rigoni * '' Arachis macedoi'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis marginata ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Gardner * ''

Arachis pietrarellii ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis prostrata'' Benth.—grassnut * ''

Arachis retusa ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least ...

'' Krapov. et al. * ''

Arachis setinervosa ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis submarginata'' Valls et al. * ''

Arachis villosulicarpa ''Arachis villosulicarpa'' is a perennial peanut species, which is cultivated by indigenous people in Mato Grosso, a state of Brazil. Its wild progenitor is thought to be '' Arachis pietrarellii''. Although it is related to the common peanut, ''A ...

'' Hoehne

Section ''Heteranthae''

* '' Arachis dardani'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis giacomettii ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least ...

'' Krapov. et al. * ''

Arachis interrupta ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

Valls Valls () is a city and municipality in the province of Tarragona in Catalonia, Spain. According to the 2014 census it has a population of 24,570. Valls is known for its calçots – a type of scallion or green onion – and the human towers trad ...

& C. E. Simpson * ''

Arachis pusilla ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

* ''

Arachis seridoensis ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Valls et al. * '' Arachis sylvestris'' (A. Chev.) A. Chev.

Section ''Procumbentes''

* '' Arachis appressipila''

Krapov. Antonio Krapovickas (8 October 1921 – 17 August 2015) was an Argentine agronomist. Krapovickas received a degree in 1948 in agronomic engineering from the University of Buenos Aires and began teaching in 1949 as Professor of Genetics and ...

W. C. Greg. W. may refer to: * SoHo (Australian TV channel) (previously W.), an Australian pay television channel * ''W.'' (film), a 2008 American biographical drama film based on the life of George W. Bush * "W.", the fifth track from Codeine's 1992 EP ''Bar ...

* '' Arachis chiquitana'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis kretschmeri'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis hassleri'' Krapov. et al. * ''

Arachis lignosa ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * '' Arachis matiensis'' Krapov. et al. * '' Arachis pflugeae'' C. E. Simpson et al. * '' Arachis rigonii'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis subcoriacea ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg. * ''

Arachis vallsii ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section ''Rhizomatosae''

* '' Arachis nitida'' Valls et al.

Series ''Prorhizomatosae''

* ''

Arachis burkartii ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Handro

Series ''Rhizomatosae''

* ''

Arachis glabrata ''Arachis glabrata'' (creeping forage peanut, rhizoma peanut, rhizoma perennial peanut, perennial forage peanut, golden glory, ornamental peanut grass) is a high-quality forage plant native to Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay vegetation. This ...

'' Benth. ** var. ''glabrata'' Benth. ** var. ''hagenbeckii'' (Harms) F. J. Herm. * ''

Arachis pseudovillosa ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg. Arachis_glabrata_at_DGR

Section ''Trierectoides''

* ''

Arachis guaranitica ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

Chodat Robert Hippolyte Chodat (4 June 1865, Moutier – 28 April 1934) was a Swiss botanist and phycologist who was a professor and director of the botanical institute at the University of Geneva. He studied medicine and botany at Geneva, where he wa ...

Hassl. Emil Hassler (20 June 1864 – 4 November 1937) (French:, Spanish: ) was a Swiss physician, ethnographer, naturalist and botanist well known for his collections and contributions to the description of the flora and culture of Paraguay. Hassl ...

* ''

Arachis tuberosa ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Benth.

Section ''Triseminatae''

* ''

Arachis triseminata ''Arachis'' is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic ''Pterocarpus'' clade of the Dalbergieae. At least one ...

'' Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Hybrids

* ''Arachis'' × ''batizogaea'' Krapov. & A. Fernández

References

External links

* *
Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter: Morphological characterization of ''Arachis'' species of section ''Arachis''
* {{Authority control Fabaceae genera Forages