
This is a list of
Arab scientists and scholars from the
Muslim World, including
Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from
antiquity
Antiquity or Antiquities may refer to:
Historical objects or periods Artifacts
*Antiquities, objects or artifacts surviving from ancient cultures
Eras
Any period before the European Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries) but still within the histo ...
up until the beginning of the
modern age
The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is applie ...
, consisting primarily of scholars during the
Middle Ages. For a list of contemporary Arab scientists and engineers see
List of modern Arab scientists and engineers
Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing:
:*''Al'' - the
:* ''Ibn'', ''bin'', ''banu'' - son of
:* ''abu, abi'' - father of, the one with
A
*
Ali (601,
Mecca – 661,
Kufa ),
Arabic grammarian,
rhetoric
Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
,
theologian,
exegesis and
mystic
*
Aisha
Aisha ( ar, , translit=ʿĀʾisha bint Abī Bakr; , also , ; ) was Muhammad's third and youngest wife. In Islamic writings, her name is thus often prefixed by the title "Mother of the Believers" ( ar, links=no, , ʾumm al-mu'min, muʾminīn), ...
(613, Mecca – 678,
Medina), Islamic scholar, hadith narrator, her intellect and knowledge in various subjects, including poetry and medicine.
*
Abbas Ibn Firnas, astronomer, mathematician, physicist, inventor
*
Aisha al-Bauniyya (1402–1475), an
Arab woman
The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between ...
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
master and poet
*
Avempace (1085,
Zaragoza – 1138,
Fez), philosopher, astronomer, physician
*
Ammar al-Mawsili (10th century, b.
Mosul), ophthalmologist and physician
*
Ali al-Uraidhi (7th century, b. Medina), Muslim scholar
*
Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal (fl. 1010), physician and ophthalmologist
*
Ali al-Hadi (829, Medina – 868,
Samarra
Samarra ( ar, سَامَرَّاء, ') is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. The city of Samarra was founded by Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutasim for his Turkish professional army ...
), Islamic scholar
*
Ali ibn al-Madini (778,
Basra – 849, Samarra), Islamic scholar and traditionalist
*
Ali ibn Ridwan (988,
Giza
Giza (; sometimes spelled ''Gizah'' arz, الجيزة ' ) is the second-largest city in Egypt after Cairo and fourth-largest city in Africa after Kinshasa, Lagos and Cairo. It is the capital of Giza Governorate with a total population of 9.2 ...
– 1061,
Baghdad), astronomer and geometer with
Khalid Ben Abdulmelik
Khālid ibn ʿAbd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrūdhī ( ar, خالد بن عبدالملك المرو الروذي) was a 9th-century Baghdadi astronomer.
In 827, Marwarrūdhī, together with the astronomer ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Asṭurlābī and a p ...
*
Ali al-Ridha (765, Medina – 818,
Tus
Tus or TUS may refer to:
* Tus (biology), a protein that binds to terminator sequences
* Thales Underwater Systems, an international defence contractor
* Tuscarora language, an Iroquoian language, ISO 639-3 code
Education
* Technological Univ ...
), Islamic scholar and theologian
*
Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780, Baghdad – 855, Baghdad), theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist
*
Ahmad al-Muhajir (873, Basra – 956,
Al-Husaisa
al-Husaisa ( ar, الحسيسه) is a village in Hadramaut, Yemen, about east of the capital city of San'a. It is located east of Seiyun and west of Taribah. The village is accessible by taking an off-ramp from N-5 highway connecting Seiyun and ...
), scholar and teacher
*
Ahmad ibn Yusuf
Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn Ibrahim ibn Tammam al-Siddiq Al-Baghdadi ( ar, أبو جعفر أحمد بن يوسف بن ابراهيم بن تمام الصديق البغدادي; 835–912), known in the West by his Latinized name Hametus, was a ...
(835, Baghdad – 912,
Cairo
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo met ...
),
mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...
*
Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri
Abū Muṣʿab Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Qāsim ibn al-Ḥārith al-Zuhri ( ar, أبو مصعب أحمد بن أبي بكر القاسم بن الحارث الزهري), 767–856 CE / 150–242 AH, was a Muslim scholar and judge () who was a s ...
(767, Medina – 856),
Maliki
The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primar ...
jurist
*
Apollodorus of Damascus
Apollodorus of Damascus ( grc, Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Δαμασκηνός) was a Nabataean architect and engineer from Damascus, Roman Syria, who flourished during the 2nd century AD. As an engineer he authored several technical treatises ...
(50,
Damascus – 130), architect, engineer, and designer
*
Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Alami
ʻAbd al-Salām ibn Mashīsh al-ʻAlamī ( ar, عبد السلام بن مشيش العلمي) (b. ?–1227), was a Moroccan Sufi saint who lived during the reign of the Almohad Caliphate.
Biography
Virtually nothing is known about him except ...
(1140, Jabal Alam – 1227, Jabal Alam), religious scholar of
Sufism
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
*
Abdullah ibn Umar (610, Mecca – 693, Mecca), Islamic scholar and hadith narrator
*
Abd Allah al-Qaysi
Abu Muhammad Abd Allah bin Muhammad bin Qasim bin Hilal bin Yazid bin 'Imran al-'Absi al-Qaysi () was an early Muslim jurist and theologian.
Life
Born in Islamic Spain, Ibn Qasim moved to Iraq for a time, and studied under Dawud al-Zahiri. He ...
(d. 885, b.
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' ( Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, ...
), Muslim jurist and theologian
*
Abd-Allah ibn Ibadh ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamīmī ( ar, عبدالله بن إباض التميمي; died c. 700) was an Arab Islamic scholar and Kharijite from Basra, of the tribe of Banū Saʿd of Tamīm. In traditional Islamic historiography, he is the found ...
(d. 708, b. Basra), hadith narrator and theologian
*
Abd al-Hamid al-Katib
Abd al-Hamid ibn Yahya al-Katib ( ar, عبد الحميد بن يحيى الكاتب) was the secretary to the last Umayyad Caliph, Marwan II, and a supreme stylist of early Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken pri ...
(d. 756), founder of Arabic prose
*
Ibn Abbas
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās ( ar, عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن عَبَّاس; c. 619 – 687 CE), also known as Ibn ʿAbbās, was one of the cousins of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is considered to be the greatest mufassir of the Qur'a ...
(619, Mecca – 687,
Ta'if
Taif ( ar, , translit=aṭ-Ṭāʾif, lit=The circulated or encircled, ) is a city and governorate in the Makkan Region of Saudi Arabia. Located at an elevation of in the slopes of the Hijaz Mountains, which themselves are part of the Sarat M ...
), jurist and theologian
*
Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
Imam Sayyid Abd Allah ibn Alawi al-Haddad ( ar-at, عبد الله ابن علوي الحدّاد, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlawī al-Ḥaddād; ) (born in 1634 CE) was a Yemeni Islamic scholar. He lived his entire life in the town of Tarim in Yeme ...
(1634,
Tarim – 1720, Tarim), Sufi saint and jurist
*
Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi
‘Abd al-Ghanī ibn ‘Abd al-Wāḥid al-Jammā’īlī al-Maqdisi ( ar, عبدالغني المقدسي) (1146-1203 CE) was a classical Sunni Islamic scholar and a prominent Hadith master. His full name was ''al-Imam al-Hafidh Abu Muhammad Abd ...
(1146,
Jamma'in
Jamma'in ( ar, جمّاعين) is a Palestinian town in the northern West Bank located southwest of Nablus, northwest of Salfit and north of Ramallah. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 6,227 ...
– 1203), Islamic scholar and a prominent hadith master
*
Abd al-Aziz Yemeni Tamimi (816,
Yemen
Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast an ...
– 944, Yemen), Sufi saint and scholar
*
Abu al-Fazal Yemeni Tamimi (842,
Hejaz – 1034, Baghdad), Sufi saint and mystic
*
Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali
Abu al-Aswad al-Duʾali ( ar, أَبُو ٱلْأَسْوَد ٱلدُّؤَلِيّ, '; -16 BH/603 CE – 69 AH/689 CE), whose full name is ʾAbū al-Aswad Ẓālim ibn ʿAmr ibn Sufyān ibn Jandal ibn Yamār ibn Hīls ibn Nufātha ibn al-ʿĀd ...
(603–689, Basra), grammarian
*
Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī (; full name: ''Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Isḥāq al-Ashʿarī''; c. 874–936 CE/260–324 AH), often reverently referred to as Imām al-Ashʿarī by Sunnī Muslims, was an Arab Muslim scholar ...
(874, Basra – 936, Baghdad), philosopher, Shafi'i scholar and theologian
*
Abu Jafar al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), an
Arab botanist, pharmacologist, physician and scholar
*
Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi or, in full Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn al-ʿArabī al-Maʿāfirī al-Ishbīlī ( ar, أبو بكر محمّد ابن عبدالله ابن العربى المعافرى الأسفلى) born in Sevilla in 1076 ...
(1076,
Seville
Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsul ...
– 1148), Islamic scholar and judge of
Maliki
The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primar ...
law
*
Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam
Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam ibn Muḥammad Ibn Shujāʿ ( Latinized as Auoquamel, ar, أبو كامل شجاع بن أسلم بن محمد بن شجاع, also known as ''Al-ḥāsib al-miṣrī''—lit. "the Egyptian reckoner") (c. 850 – ...
(850–930), mathematician
*
Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala'
Abu ʻAmr ibn al-ʻAlāʼ al-Basri ( ar, أبو عمرو بن العلاء; died 770 CE/154 AH) was the Qur'an reciter of Basra, Iraq and an Arab linguist.
He was born in Mecca in .Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by William M ...
(689, Mecca – 770, Kufa) linguists and grammarian
*
Abu Bakr al-Aydarus
Abu Bakr al-ʿAydarūs, also known as Sayyid Abū Bakr al- ʿAdanī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAydarūs ( ar, أبو بكر العدني بن عبد الله العيدروس; 1447–1508J. Spencer Trimingham, John O. Voll, ''The Sufi Orders in Isl ...
(1447, Tarim – 1508,
Aden), religious scholar of
Sufism
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
*
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Zarqali (1029–1100), was an
Arab maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer
*
Al-Ashraf Umar II
Al‐Malik Al‐Ashraf (Mumahhid Al‐Din) Umar Ibn Yūsuf Ibn Umar Ibn Alī Ibn Rasul (), also as Umar Ibn Yusuf (or also Al-Asharaf Umar II) was the third Rasulid sultan and also an mathematician, astronomer and physician.
Biography
Umar ...
(1242, Yemen – 1296, Yemen), astronomer and ruler of Yemen
*
Al-Akhfash al-Akbar
Abu al-Khaṭṭāb ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn ʻAbd al-Majīd ( ar, أبو الخطاب عبد الحميد بن عبد المجيد; died 177 AH/793 CE), commonly known as Al-Akhfash al-Akbar ( ar, الأخفش الأكبر) was an Arab grammarian who ...
(d. 793, b. Basra), Arab grammarian
*
Al-Awza'i
Abū ʿAmr ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAmr al-ʾAwzāʿī ( ar, أبو عمرو عبدُ الرحمٰن بن عمرو الأوزاعي) (707–774) was an Islamic scholar, traditionalist and the chief representative and eponym of the ʾAwzāʿī ...
(707,
Baalbek
Baalbek (; ar, بَعْلَبَكّ, Baʿlabakk, Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. In Greek and Roman ...
– 774,
Beirut
Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...
), jurist and theologian
*
Al-Asma'i (739, Basra – 831, Basra), pioneer of
zoology
Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and ...
,
botany
Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "bot ...
and
animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock. Husbandry has a long history, star ...
*
Ibn Abi Asim
Abu Bakr Ahmad bin `Amr ad-Dahhak bin Makhlad ash-Shaibani ( ar, أبو بكرأحمد بن عمرو بن الضحاك بن مخلد الشيباني), widely known as Ibn Abi Asim ( ar, ابن أبي عاصم), was an Iraqi Sunni scholar of th ...
(821, Basra – 900,
Isfahan), scholar, famous or his work in the hadith science
*
Ibn al-'Awwam
Ibn al-'Awwam ( ar, ابن العوام), also called Abu Zakariya Ibn al-Awwam ( ar, أبو زكريا بن العوام), was a Muslim Arab agriculturist who flourished at Seville (modern-day southern Spain) in the later 12th century. He wrote ...
(12th century, b. Seville), agriculturist and botanist
*
Ibn al-Adim Kamāl al-Dīn Abū ʾl-Ḳāsim ʿUmar ibn Aḥmad ibn Hibat Allāh Ibn al-ʿAdīm (1192–1262; ) was an Arab biographer and historian from Aleppo. He is best known for his work ''Bughyat al-Talab fī Tārīkh Ḥalab'' (; ''Everything Desirable ...
(1192,
Aleppo – 1262,
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...
), biographer and historian
*
Ibn al-A'lam
'Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn Abū l-Qasim al-'Alawi Ashraf al-Sharif al-Husayni, ( ar, ابن الأعلم الشريف الحسيني), (died in Baghdad, 985), was a 10th-century Islamic astronomer and astrologer.
Little is known about Ibn al-A'lam's l ...
(d. 985, Baghdad), astronomer and astrologer
*
Ibn al-Athir
Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī, better known as ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī ( ar, علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري) lived 1160–1233) was an Arab or Kurdish historian ...
(1160,
Cizre
Cizre (; ar, جَزِيْرَة ٱبْن عُمَر, Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar, or ''Madinat al-Jazira'', he, גזירא, Gzira, ku, Cizîr, ''Cizîra Botan'', or ''Cizîre'', syr, ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܒܪ ܥܘܡܪ, Gāzartā,) is a city in the Cizre Dis ...
– 1233, Mosul), historian and biographer
*
Ibn al-Abbar
Ibn al-Abbār (), he was Hāfiẓ Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abū Bakr al-Qudā'ī al-Balansī () (1199–1260) a secretary to Hafsid dynasty princes, well-known poet, diplomat, jurist and hadith scholar from al ...
(1199,
Valencia
Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is also the capital of the province of the same name. The wider urban area al ...
– 1260,
Tunis
''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois
, population_note =
, population_urban =
, population_metro = 2658816
, population_density_km2 =
, timezone1 = CET
, utc_offset1 ...
), historian, poet, diplomat, theologian and scholar
*
Ibn al-Akfani Muhammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Akfani (, 1286-ca. 1348–49) was a Kurdish Cairene encyclopedist and physician.
Life
Ibn al-Akfani was born in Sinjar, Iraq and lived in Cairo, Egypt. He worked at Al-Mansuri Hospital. He died in either 1348 o ...
(1286,
Sinjar
Sinjar ( ar, سنجار, Sinjār; ku, شنگال, translit=Şingal, syr, ܫܝܓܪ, Shingar) is a town in the Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. It is located about five kilometers south of the Sinjar Mountains. Its ...
– 1348, Cairo), Arab encyclopedist and physician
*
Ibn 'Adlan
ʻAfīf al-Dīn ʻAlī ibn ʻAdlān al-Mawsilī ( ar, عفيف لدين علي بن عدلان الموصلي ; 1187–1268 CE), born in Mosul, was an Arab cryptologist, linguist and poet who is known for his early contributions to cryptanaly ...
(1187, Mosul – 1268, Cairo), cryptographer and poet
*
Ibn Arabi
Ibn ʿArabī ( ar, ابن عربي, ; full name: , ; 1165–1240), nicknamed al-Qushayrī (, ) and Sulṭān al-ʿĀrifīn (, , ' Sultan of the Knowers'), was an Arab Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, extremely influen ...
(1165,
Murcia
Murcia (, , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the Capital (political), capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the List of municipalities of Spain, seventh largest city in the country. It has a ...
– 1240, Damascus), Islamic scholar and philosopher
*
Ibn Arabshah
Abu Muhammad Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Ibrahim also known as Muhammad ibn Arabshah () (1389–1450), was an Arab writer and traveller who lived under the reign of Timur (1370–1405).AKA, ISMAIL. 1996. “THE AGRICULTURAL ...
(1389, Damascus – 1450, Egypt), writer and traveller
B
*
Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī
Bahāʾ al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn al‐ʿĀmilī (also known as Sheikh Baha'i, fa, شیخ بهایی) (18 February 1547 – 1 September 1621) was an Iranian ArabEncyclopedia of Arabic Literature'. Taylor & Francis; 1998. . p. 85. Sh ...
(1547,
Baalbek
Baalbek (; ar, بَعْلَبَكّ, Baʿlabakk, Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. In Greek and Roman ...
– 1621,
Isfahan), philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer
*
Bahlool
Bahlūl ( ar, بهلول) was the common name of Wāhab ibn Amr (Arabic: ), a companion of Musa al-Kadhim. He lived in the time of the Caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd. Bahlūl was a well known judge and scholar who came from a wealthy background.
The ...
(d. 807, b.
Baghdad), judge and scholar
*
Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad – 1037,
Esfarayen
Esfarayen ( fa, اسفراین, also Romanized as Esfarāyen; formerly, Meyanābād, Mīānābād, and Mīyānābād) is a city and capital of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province in Iran. At the 2011 census its population was 60,372 persons ...
), mathematician
*
Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī ( ar, عبداللطيف البغدادي, 1162 Baghdad–1231 Baghdad), short for Muwaffaq al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Laṭīf ibn Yūsuf al-Baghdādī ( ar, موفق الدين محمد عبد اللطيف ب� ...
(1162, Baghdad – 1231, Baghdad), physician, historian,
Egyptologist
Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Greek , '' -logia''; ar, علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious ...
and traveler
*
Al-Baqillani
Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭayyib al-Bāqillānī ( ar, أبو بكر محمد بن الطيب الباقلاني; c. 950 - 5 June 1013), often known as al-Bāqillānī for short, or reverentially as Imām al-Bāqillānī by adherents to the ...
(d. 1013, b.
Basra), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer
*
Al-Battani
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī aṣ-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī ( ar, محمد بن جابر بن سنان البتاني) ( Latinized as Albategnius, Albategni or Albatenius) (c. 858 – 929) was an astron ...
(850,
Harran
Harran (), historically known as Carrhae ( el, Kάρραι, Kárrhai), is a rural town and district of the Şanlıurfa Province in southeastern Turkey, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Urfa and 20 kilometers from the border cr ...
– 929,
Samarra
Samarra ( ar, سَامَرَّاء, ') is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. The city of Samarra was founded by Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutasim for his Turkish professional army ...
), astronomer and mathematician
*
Al-Baladhuri
ʾAḥmad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Jābir al-Balādhurī ( ar, أحمد بن يحيى بن جابر البلاذري) was a 9th-century Muslim historian. One of the eminent Middle Eastern historians of his age, he spent most of his life in Baghdad and ...
(820, Baghdad – 892, Baghdad), historian
*
Al-Buni
upShams al-Ma'arif al-Kubra, a manuscript copy, beginning of 17th century
Sharaf al-Din or Shihab al-Din or Muḥyi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Aḥmad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Qurashi al-Sufi, better known as Ahmad al-Buni ( ar, أحمد البوني), born ...
(d. 1225), writer and mathematician
*
Al-Bakri
Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb ibn ʿAmr al-Bakrī ( ar, أبو عبيد عبد الله بن عبد العزيز بن محمد بن أيوب بن عمرو البكري), or simply al-Bakrī (c. 1040–1 ...
(1014,
Huelva
Huelva (, ) is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is between two short rias though has an outlying spur including nature reserve on the Gulf of Cádiz coast. The ria ...
– 1094,
Cordoba), geographer and historian
*
Al-Baji (1156, Beja – 1231,
Sidi Bou Said
Sidi Bou Said ( ar, سيدي بو سعيد ') is a town in northern Tunisia located about 20 km from the capital, Tunis.
Named for a religious figure who lived there, Abu Said al-Baji, it was previously called Jabal el-Menar. The town its ...
), Sufi mystic and scholar
*
Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
Ibn al‐Bannāʾ al‐Marrākushī ( ar, ابن البناء المراكشي), full name: Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Azdi al-Marrakushi () (29 December 1256 – 31 July 1321), was a Moroccan polymath who was active as a math ...
(1256,
Marrakesh
Marrakesh or Marrakech ( or ; ar, مراكش, murrākuš, ; ber, ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, translit=mṛṛakc}) is the fourth largest city in the Kingdom of Morocco. It is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco and is the capital of the Marrakes ...
– 1321), mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and astrologer
*
Ibn al-Baitar
Diyāʾ al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Mālaqī, commonly known as Ibn al-Bayṭār () (1197–1248 AD) was an Andalusian Arab physician, botanist, pharmacist and scientist. His main contribution was to systematically record ...
(1197,
Malaga – 1248,
Damascus), pharmacist, botanist, physician
*
Ibn Bassal
Ibn Bassal ( ar, ابن بصال) was an 11th-century Andalusian Arab botanist and agronomist in Toledo and Seville, Spain who wrote about horticulture and arboriculture. He is best known for his book on agronomy, the ''Dīwān al-filāha'' (An ...
(b. 1085,
Toledo
Toledo most commonly refers to:
* Toledo, Spain, a city in Spain
* Province of Toledo, Spain
* Toledo, Ohio, a city in the United States
Toledo may also refer to:
Places Belize
* Toledo District
* Toledo Settlement
Bolivia
* Toledo, O ...
), botanist and agronomist
*
Ibn Bassam
Ibn Bassām or Ibn Bassām al-Shantarinī (; 1058-1147) was an Arab poet and historian from al-Andalus. He was born in Santarém (sometimes spelled Shantarin or Xantarin) and hailed from the Banu Taghlib tribe. He died in 1147.
Ibn Bassam descr ...
(1058,
Santarem – 1147), poet and historian
*
Ibn Butlan
Abū 'l-Ḥasan al-Muḫtār Yuwānnīs ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdūn ibn Saʿdūn ibn Buṭlān ( ar, أبو الحسن المختار إيوانيس بن الحسن بن عبدون بن سعدون بن بطلان; ; ca. first quarter of the 11t ...
(1038, Baghdad – 1075), Arab Christian physician
C
*
Cosmas (d. 287,
Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint
*
Calid
Khālid ibn Yazīd (full name ''Abū Hāshim Khālid ibn Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān'', ), 668–704 or 709, was an Umayyad prince and purported alchemist.
As a son of the Umayyad caliph Yazid I, Khalid was supposed to become ca ...
(d. 704,
Homs), Umayyad prince and alchemist
*
Callinicus Callinicus or Kallinikos ( el, Καλλίνικος) is a surname or male given name; the feminine form is Kalliniki, Callinice or Callinica ( el, Καλλινίκη). It is of Greek origin, meaning "beautiful victor".
People named Callinicus Seleu ...
(3rd century), historian,
orator
An orator, or oratist, is a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled.
Etymology
Recorded in English c. 1374, with a meaning of "one who pleads or argues for a cause", from Anglo-French ''oratour'', Old French ''orateur'' (14th ...
,
rhetoric
Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian and
sophist
A sophist ( el, σοφιστής, sophistes) was a teacher in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. Sophists specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics, and mathematics. They taught ...
D
*
Damian Damian ( la, links=no, Damianus) may refer to:
*Damian (given name)
*Damian (surname)
*Damian Subdistrict, in Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
See also
*Damiani, an Italian surname
*Damiano (disambiguation)
*Damien (disambiguation)
*Dam ...
(d. 287,
Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint
*
Dawud al-Antaki Dawud Ibn Umar Al-Antaki also known as Dawud Al-Antaki () was a blind Muslim physician and pharmacist active in Cairo. He was born during the XVI in Al-Foah and died around in Mecca in 1597. He lived most of his life in Antioch before made a pilgri ...
(b.
Idlib
ar, إدلبي, Idlibi
, coordinates =
, elevation_m = 500
, area_code = 23
, geocode = C3871
, blank_name = Climate
, blank_info ...
– d. 1599,
Mecca), physician and pharmacist
*
Dawud Tai
Abu Sulaiman Dawud ibn Nusair al-Tā'ī, () usually referred to as Dawud Tā'ī, (died between 776 and 783 CE) was an Islamic scholar and Sufi mystic. He resided in Kufa and was a prominent student of Abu Hanifa. His disciples included many in ...
(1344–1405),
Islamic scholar and
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
mystic
*
Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi
Ḍiyāʼ al-Dīn Abu ʻAbdallah Muhammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahid al-Saʻdi al-Maqdisi al-Hanbali ( ar, Thiyaa Al-Diin Al-Maqdisi ضياء الدين المقدسي) (569–643 AH/1173-1245 AD) was a Hanbali Islamic scholar.
Biography
Diya' al-Din w ...
(918,
Damascus – 995),
Hanbali
The Hanbali school ( ar, ٱلْمَذْهَب ٱلْحَنۢبَلِي, al-maḏhab al-ḥanbalī) is one of the four major traditional Sunni schools ('' madhahib'') of Islamic jurisprudence. It is named after the Arab scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal ...
Islamic scholar
In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious ...
*
Al-Damiri
Al-Damiri (1341–1405), the common name of Kamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Musa al-Damiri ( ar, كمال الدين محمد بن موسى الدميري), was an Arab Muslim writer from Egypt on canon law and natural history.
He wrote the first work ...
(1344,
Cairo
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo met ...
– 1405, Cairo), zoologist
*
Al-Dakhwar
Muhadhdhabuddin Abd al-Rahim bin Ali bin Hamid al-Dimashqi ( ar, مهذب الدين عبد الرحيم بن علي بن حامد الدمشقي) known as al-Dakhwar ( ar, الدخوار) (1170–1230) was a leading Arab physician who served var ...
(1170, Damascus – 1230), physician
*
Al-Darimi
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Faḍl ibn Bahrām ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-Dārimī al-Tamīmī al-Samarqandī () (181–255 AH / 797–869 CE) was a Muslim scholar and Imam of Arab ancestry or Persian background. His ...
(797,
Samarkand
fa, سمرقند
, native_name_lang =
, settlement_type = City
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from the top: Registan square, Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, view inside Shah-i-Zi ...
– 869,
Muscat
Muscat ( ar, مَسْقَط, ) is the capital and most populated city in Oman. It is the seat of the Governorate of Muscat. According to the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), the total population of Muscat Governorate was ...
), Islamic scholar and ''
muhaddith
Hadith studies ( ar, علم الحديث ''ʻilm al-ḥadīth'' "science of hadith", also science of hadith, or science of hadith criticism or hadith criticism)
consists of several religious scholarly disciplines used by Muslim scholars in th ...
''
*
Al-Dimashqi The Arabic ''nisbah'' (attributive title) Al-Dimashqi ( ar, الدمشقي) denotes an origin from Damascus, Syria.
Al-Dimashqi may refer to:
* Al-Dimashqi (geographer): a medieval Arab geographer.
* Abu al-Fadl Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi: 12th ...
(1256, Damascus – 1327,
Safed
Safed (known in Hebrew as Tzfat; Sephardic Hebrew & Modern Hebrew: צְפַת ''Tsfat'', Ashkenazi Hebrew: ''Tzfas'', Biblical Hebrew: ''Ṣǝp̄aṯ''; ar, صفد, ''Ṣafad''), is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elevat ...
), geographer
*
Al-Dimashqi, Abu al-Fadl (12th-century), writer and economist
*
Ibn al-Durayhim ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad Ibn al-Durayhim ( ar, علي بن محمد ابن الدريهم; 1312–1359/62 CE) was an Arab cryptologist who gave detailed descriptions of eight cipher systems that discussed substitution ciphers, leading to the earliest ...
(1312–1359/62), cryptologist
*
Ibn Dihya (1150,
Valencia
Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is also the capital of the province of the same name. The wider urban area al ...
– 1235, Cairo), scholar of
Arabic language
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
and
Islamic studies
Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, and generally to academic multidisciplinary "studies" programs—programs similar to others that focus on the history, texts and theologies of other religious traditions, such as Easter ...
*
Ibn Duraid
Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Duraid al-Azdī al-Baṣrī ad-Dawsī Al-Zahrani (), or Ibn Duraid () (c. 837-933 CE), a leading grammarian of Baṣrah, was described as "the most accomplished scholar, ablest philologer and first poet of t ...
(837,
Basra – 934,
Baghdad),
geographer
A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...
,
genealogist
Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kins ...
, poet, and
philologist
Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as ...
*
Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (; 1228–1302), born in Yanbu into the Arab tribe of Banu Qushayr. He is accounted as one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of Islamic law and belief, and was an authority in the Shafi'i legal school. Although Ibn D ...
(1228,
Yanbu
Yanbu ( ar, ينبع, lit=Spring, translit=Yanbu'), also known simply as Yambu or Yenbo, is a city in the Al Madinah Province of western Saudi Arabia. It is approximately 300 kilometers northwest of Jeddah (at ). The population is 222,360 ( ...
– 1302), one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of
Islamic law
Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the ...
and belief, and was an authority in the
Shafi'i
The Shafii ( ar, شَافِعِي, translit=Shāfiʿī, also spelled Shafei) school, also known as Madhhab al-Shāfiʿī, is one of the four major traditional schools of religious law (madhhab) in the Sunnī branch of Islam. It was founded by ...
legal school
F
*
Fatima al-Fihri
Fatima bint Muhammad al-Fihri al-Quraysh ( ar, فاطمة بنت محمد الفهري القرشية) was an Arab woman who is credited with founding the al-Qarawiyyin mosque in 857–859 AD in Fez, Morocco. She is also known as "Umm al-Banayn ...
(800,
Kairouan
Kairouan (, ), also spelled El Qayrawān or Kairwan ( ar, ٱلْقَيْرَوَان, al-Qayrawān , aeb, script=Latn, Qeirwān ), is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city was founded by t ...
– 880), science patron and founder of the
Al Quaraouiyine mosque
*
Fatima bint Musa
, image =
, caption =
, father = Musa al-Kazim
, mother = Najma (or Tuktam)
, relatives = Ali al-Rida (brother)
, birth_date = 790 CE
, birth_place = Medina, Abbasid ...
(790–816), theologian and saint
*
Al-Farahidi
Abu ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad ibn ‘Amr ibn Tammām al-Farāhīdī al-Azdī al-Yaḥmadī ( ar, أبو عبدالرحمن الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي; 718 – 786 CE), known as Al-Farāhīdī, or Al-Khalīl, ...
(c. 718 – 791), writer and
philologist
Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as ...
, compiled the first dictionary of the
Arabic language
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
, the ''Kitab al-Ayn''
*
Al-Fasi, Abu al-Mahasin (1530–1604), Sufi saint
*
Al-Farghani
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī ( ar, أبو العبّاس أحمد بن محمد بن كثير الفرغاني 798/800/805–870), also known as Alfraganus in the West, was an astronomer in the Abbasid court ...
(d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus
*
Ibn al-Furat
Nāṣir al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. ʿAlī al-Miṣrī al-Ḥanafī () (1334–1405 CE), better known as Ibn al-Furāt, was an Egyptian historian, best known for his universal history, generally known as ''Taʾrīkh al-duwal wa � ...
(1334–1405), historian
*
Ibn al-Farid
Ibn al-Farid or Ibn Farid; (, ''`Umar ibn `Alī ibn al-Fārid'') (22 March 11811234) was an Arab poet. His name is Arabic for "son of the obligator" (the one who divides the inheritance between the inheritors), as his father was well regarded fo ...
(c. 1181 – 1234), Arabic poet, writer, and philosopher
*
Ibn Fadlan
Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān ibn al-ʿAbbās ibn Rāšid ibn Ḥammād, ( ar, أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حماد; ) commonly known as Ahmad ibn Fadlan, was a 10th-century Muslim traveler, famous for his account of hi ...
(10th century), writer, traveler, member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars
G
*
Genethlius Genethlius ( el, Γενέθλιος, Genéthlios) was a 3rd-century Arab sophist from Petra, Arabia Petraea. His father was also named Genethlius.
He was a pupil of the Greek sophists Minucianus ( grc, Μινουκιανός) and Agapetus ( grc, � ...
(3rd century),
sophist
A sophist ( el, σοφιστής, sophistes) was a teacher in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. Sophists specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics, and mathematics. They taught ...
and
rhetoric
Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian from
Petra
Petra ( ar, ٱلْبَتْرَاء, Al-Batrāʾ; grc, Πέτρα, "Rock", Nabataean: ), originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu or Raqēmō, is an historic and archaeological city in southern Jordan. It is adjacent to the mountain of Ja ...
*
Al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), 12th-century oculist
*
Al-Ghassani (1548–1610), physician
H
*
Haly Abenragel
Abū l-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Abī l-Rijāl al-Shaybani ( ar, أبو الحسن علي ابن أبي الرجال) (commonly known as ''Haly'', ''Hali'', ''Albohazen Haly filii Abenragel'' or ''Haly Abenragel'', from ''ibn Rijal'') was an Arab astrolog ...
(d. 1037),
astrologer
Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that claim to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects. Di ...
, best known for his ''Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm''
*
Harbi al-Himyari
Ḥarbī al-Ḥimyarī ( ar, حربي الحميري) is a semi-legendary Himyarite sage that occurs several times in the writings attributed to the Islamic alchemist Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (died c. 806−816). He is said there to have been one of ...
(8th century), alchemist
*
Hasan al-Rammah
Hasan al-Rammah (, died 1295) was a Syrian Arab chemist and engineer during the Mamluk Sultanate who studied gunpowders and explosives, and sketched prototype instruments of warfare, including the first torpedo. Al-Rammah called his early torpedo " ...
(d. 1295), chemist and engineer
*
Hamdallah Mustawfi
Hamdallah Mustawfi Qazvini ( fa, حمدالله مستوفى قزوینی, Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī; 1281 – after 1339/40) was a Persian official, historian, geographer and poet. He lived during the last era of the Mongol Ilkhanate, an ...
(1281–1349), geographer
*
Hunayn ibn Ishaq
Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (also Hunain or Hunein) ( ar, أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي; (809–873) was an influential Nestorian Christian translator, scholar, physician, and scientist. During the apex of the Islamic ...
(809–873), Arab Christian scholar, physician, and scientist
*
Heliodorus
Heliodorus is a Greek name meaning "Gift of the Sun". Several persons named Heliodorus are known to us from ancient times, the best known of which are:
*Heliodorus (minister) a minister of Seleucus IV Philopator c. 175 BC
* Heliodorus of Athen ...
(3rd century), sophist of Arab origin
*
Hisham ibn al-Kalbi
Hishām ibn al-Kalbī ( ar, هشام بن الكلبي), 737 AD – 819 AD/204 AH, also known as Ibn al-Kalbi (), was an Arab historian. His full name was Abu al-Mundhir Hisham ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sa'ib ibn Bishr al-Kalbi. Born in Kufa, he spent ...
(d. 819), historian
*
Hafsa bint Sirin
Hafsa bint Sirin (Arabic: حفصة بنت سيرين, b.651 – d.719 CE) was an early female scholar of Islam. She has been called one of the "pioneers in the history of female asceticism in Islam".
She lived and taught in Basra. She was know ...
(651–719), scholar of Islam
*
Harun ibn Musa (d. 786), scholar of the
Arabic language
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
and
Islamic studies
Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, and generally to academic multidisciplinary "studies" programs—programs similar to others that focus on the history, texts and theologies of other religious traditions, such as Easter ...
.
*
Harith al-Muhasibi
al-Muḥāsibī () was an Arab philosopher, and considered to be the founder of the Baghdad School of Islamic philosophy, and a teacher of the Sufi masters Junayd al-Baghdadi and Sirri Saqti.
His full name is Abu Abdullah Harith bin Asad bi ...
(781–857), philosopher, theologian and Sufi scholar
*
Abu'l-Hasan al-Bayhaqi (1097–1169), astronomer and historian
*
Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi (), was a 12th-century Arab''Egyptian Commercial Policy in the Middle Ages'', Subhi Labib, Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East: from the Rise of Islam, ed. M. A. Cook, (Oxford University Press, 1970), 68. Muslim ...
(12th century), traveler, merchant and sailor
*
Abul Hasan Hankari
Abul Hasan Hankari ( ar, ا بوالحسن ہنکاری) Abu Al Hasan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hashmi Hankari Harithi (born in 409 Hijri (c.1018 CE), in the town of Hankar), town of Mosul (city of northern Iraq, some 400 km north of Baghdad ...
(1018–1093), philosopher, theologian and jurist
*
Al-Hamdani (893–945), geographer, historian and astronomer
*
Al-Humaydī al-Azdi (1029–1095), historian
*
Al-Harith ibn Kalada (d. 634–35), physician
*
Al-Hilli Al-Hilli ( ar, الحلي) is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* al-Allama al-Hilli (1250–1325), theologian
* Safi al-Din al-Hilli (1278–1349), poet
* al-Hilli family, victims of the Annecy shootings
The Annecy sh ...
(1250–1325), Twelver Shia theologian
*
Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam
Abu'l Qāsim ʿAbd ar-Raḥman bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (Arabic: أبو القاسم عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم), generally known simply as Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (Arabic: ابن عبد الحكم) (801 ...
(803–871), Egyptian historian
*
Ibn al-Haj (1250–1336), scholar and theologian writer
*
Ibn al-Haytham
Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham, Latinized as Alhazen (; full name ; ), was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq.For the description of his main fields, see e.g. ("He is one of the prin ...
(965–1040), physicist and mathematician
*
Ibn Hawqal
Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (), also known as Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled during the y ...
(943–969), writer, geographer, and chronicler
*
Ibn Hubal Muhadhdhib al-Dīn Abūʼl-Hasan ʻAlī ibn Ahmad Ibn Habal ( ar, مهذب الدين أبي الحس علي بن أحمد ابن هبل) known as Ibn Habal ( ar, ابن هَبَل) (c. 1122 - 1213) was an Arab physician and scientist born in Baghda ...
(1122–1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium
*
Ibn Hisham
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām ibn Ayyūb al-Ḥimyarī al-Muʿāfirī al-Baṣrī ( ar, أبو محمد عبدالملك بن هشام ابن أيوب الحميري المعافري البصري; died 7 May 833), or Ibn Hisham, e ...
(d. 835), historian and biographer
*
Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
Shihāb al-Dīn Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī al-Makkī al-Anṣārī known as Ibn Hajar al-Haytami al-Makki ( ar, ابن حجر الهيتمي المكي) was an Egyptian Arab muhaddith and theolog ...
(1503–1566), jurist and theologian
I
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Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samura ibn Jundab al-Fazari () (died 777 CE) was an 8th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer at the Abbasid court of the Caliph Al-Mansur (r. 754–775). He should not to be confused with his son Mu� ...
(d. 777), mathematician and astronomer
*
Ibrahim al-Nakha'i
( ar, أبو عمران إبراهيم بن يزيد النخعي), also known as , c. 670 CE/50 AH - 714 CE/96 AH), was an Islamic theologian and jurist (). Though belonging to the generation following the companions of Muhammad (the ), he ...
(670–717), theologian, Islamic scholar
*
Ibrahim al-Nazzam
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm Ibn Sayyār Ibn Hāni‘ an-Naẓẓām ( ar, أبو إسحاق بن سيار بن هانئ النظام) (c. 775 – c. 845) was an Arab Mu'tazilite theologian and poet. He was a nephew of the Mu'tazilite theologian Abu al- ...
(c. 775 – c. 845),
Mu'tazilite
Muʿtazila ( ar, المعتزلة ', English: "Those Who Withdraw, or Stand Apart", and who called themselves ''Ahl al-ʿAdl wa al-Tawḥīd'', English: "Party of ivineJustice and Oneness f God); was an Islamic group that appeared in early Islami ...
theologian and poet
*
Iamblichus (c. 245 – c. 325),
Neoplatonist
Neoplatonism is a strand of Platonic philosophy that emerged in the 3rd century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion. The term does not encapsulate a set of ideas as much as a chain of thinkers. But there are some i ...
philosopher, mystic and philosopher
*
Iamblichus (c. 165 – 180),
novelist
A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living wage, living writing novels and other fiction, while othe ...
and
rhetoric
Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian
*
Ismail Qureshi al Hashmi
Makhdoom Shaikh Imaduddin Ismail Qureshi(Quraishi) Asadi al Hashmi, a Suharwardi Shaikh - is one of the pioneers of Islamic preachers in Allahabad district. He is the grandson of Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria Multani and son of Shaikh Sadruddin Ari ...
(1260–1349),
Sufi scholar
*
Ismail al-Jazari
Badīʿ az-Zaman Abu l-ʿIzz ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ar-Razāz al-Jazarī (1136–1206, ar, بديع الزمان أَبُ اَلْعِزِ إبْنُ إسْماعِيلِ إبْنُ الرِّزاز الجزري, ) was a polymath: a scholar, ...
(1136–1206), scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan, artist
*
Ibrahim ibn Adham
Ibrahim ibn Adham also called Ibrahim Balkhi (); c. 718 – c. 782 / AH c. 100 – c. 165 is one of the most prominent of the early ascetic Sufi saints.
The story of his conversion is one of the most celebrated in Sufi legend, as that of a pr ...
(718–782),
ascetic
Asceticism (; from the el, ἄσκησις, áskesis, exercise', 'training) is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their p ...
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
saint
*
Ismail ibn al-Ahmar
Abū l-Walīd Ismāʿīl ibn Yūsuf Ibn al-Aḥmar () (Granada? 1324/1326 – Fes 1404/1407) was an Andalusian historian of the fourteenth century, the time of the Marinid dynasty. (1324–1407), historian
*
Ishaq ibn Hunayn
Abū Yaʿqūb Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn ( ar, إسحاق بن حنين) (c. 830 Baghdad, – c. 910-1) was an influential Arab physician and translator, known for writing the first biography of physicians in the Arabic language. He is also known for ...
(c. 830 – c. 910/1), physician and translator
*
Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
Abū Muḥammad ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz bin ʿAbd al-Salām bin Abī al-Qāsim bin Ḥasan al-Sulamī al-Shāfiʿī ( ar, أبو محمد عز الدين عبد العزيز بن عبد السلام بن أبي القاسم بن حسن ا ...
(1181–1262), theologian and jurist
*
Al-Idrisi (1099–1166),
geographer
A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...
and
cartographer
Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an i ...
*
Al-ʻIjliyyah
Al-ʻIjliyyah bint al-ʻIjliyy ( ar, العجلية بنت العجلي ) was a 10th-century maker of astrolabes active in Aleppo, in what is now northern Syria.
She is sometimes known in modern popular literature as Mariam al-Asṭurlābiyya ( ...
, (10th-century), female maker of astrolabes
*
Ibn Abi Ishaq
ʿAbd-Allāh ibn Abī Isḥāq al-Ḥaḍramī (Arabic, عَبْدُ اللّهِ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ), (died AD 735 / AH 117)Kees Versteegh, ''Arabic Grammar and Qur'anic Exegesis in Early Islam' ...
(d. 735), earliest known grammarian of the
Arabic language
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
*
Ibn Ishaq
Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Yasār ibn Khiyār (; according to some sources, ibn Khabbār, or Kūmān, or Kūtān, ar, محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار بن خيار, or simply ibn Isḥaq, , meaning "the son of Isaac"; died 767) was an 8 ...
(704–761), historian and hagiographer
J
*
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ṣādiq ( ar, جعفر بن محمد الصادق; 702 – 765 CE), commonly known as Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (), was an 8th-century Shia Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian.. He was the founder of th ...
(702–765), theologian and alchemist
*
Jabir ibn Aflah
Abū Muḥammad Jābir ibn Aflaḥ ( ar, أبو محمد جابر بن أفلح, la, Geber/Gebir; 1100–1150) was an Arab Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville, who was active in 12th century al-Andalus. His work ''Iṣlāḥ a ...
(1100–1150), astronomer and mathematician who invented torquetum
*
Jabir ibn Hayyan
Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Arabic: , variously called al-Ṣūfī, al-Azdī, al-Kūfī, or al-Ṭūsī), died 806−816, is the purported author of an enormous number and variety of works in Arabic, often called the Jabirian corpus. The ...
(died c. 806–816),
alchemist
Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim world, ...
and polymath, pioneer of organic
chemistry; may also have been Persian
*
Jābir ibn Zayd
Abu al-Sha'tha Jabir ibn Zayd al-Zahrani al-Azdi () was a Muslim theologian and one of the founding figures of the Ibadis, Donald Hawley, ''Oman'', pg. 199. Jubilee edition. Kensington: Stacey International, 1995. the third major denomination of ...
(8th century), theologian and jurist
*
Al-Jawaliqi
Abū Manṣūr Mauhūb al-Jawālīqī () (April 1074–17 July 1144), Arab grammarian, was born in Baghdād, where he studied philology under Khātib al-Tibrizī (1030 - 1109) and became famous for his handwriting. In his later years he acted ...
(1074–1144), grammarian and philologist
*
Al-Jahiz
Abū ʿUthman ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al-Baṣrī ( ar, أبو عثمان عمرو بن بحر الكناني البصري), commonly known as al-Jāḥiẓ ( ar, links=no, الجاحظ, ''The Bug Eyed'', born 776 – died December 868/Jan ...
(776–869),
historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...
,
biologist
A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell, a multicellular organism, or a community of interacting populations. They usually speciali ...
and author
*
Al-Jayyānī
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī ( ar, أبو عبد الله محمد بن معاذ الجياني; 989, Córdoba, Spain, Cordova, Al-Andalus – 1079, Jaén, Spain, Jaén, Al-Andalus) was an Arab, Islamic mathematics, math ...
(989–1079), mathematician and author
*
Al-Jawbari
ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn ʿUmar ibn Abī Bakr Jamāl al-Dīn al-Dimashqī, commonly known as al-Jawbarī ( ar, الجوبري; fl. 619/1222), was a medieval Syrian Arab author and scholar known for his denunciation of alchemy. Born in Jawbar, Syr ...
(fl. 1222), alchemist and writer
*
Al-Jabali (d. 976), physician and mathematician from Al-Andalus
*
Al-Jubba'i
Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī ( ar, أبو على محمد الجبائي; died c. 915) was an Arab Mu'tazili influenced theologian and philosopher of the 10th century. Born in Khuzistan, he studied in Basra
Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْر ...
(d. 915), Mu'tazili theologian and philosopher
*
Al-Jazari
Badīʿ az-Zaman Abu l-ʿIzz ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ar-Razāz al-Jazarī (1136–1206, ar, بديع الزمان أَبُ اَلْعِزِ إبْنُ إسْماعِيلِ إبْنُ الرِّزاز الجزري, ) was a polymath: a scholar, ...
(1136–1206), inventor, engineer, artisan, mathematician
*
Al-Jarmi
Al-Jarmī, full name Abū ‘Umar Ṣāliḥ ibn Isḥāq al-Bajīli al-Jarmī () (d.840 AD/ 225 AH), was an influential grammarian of the Basra school during the Islamic Golden Age, who took part in learned discussions at Baghdād.
He was a ...
(d. 840), grammarian of Arabic Language
*
Ibn al-Jazzar
Ahmed Bin Jaafar Bin Brahim Ibn Al Jazzar Al-Qayrawani (895–979) ( ar, أبو جعفر أحمد بن أبي خالد بن الجزار القيرواني), was an influential 10th-century Muslim Arab physician who became famous for his writings ...
(10th century), influential 10th-century physician and author
*
Ibn al-Jawzi
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad Abu 'l-Faras̲h̲ b. al-Jawzī, often referred to as Ibn al-Jawzī (Arabic: ابن الجوزي, ''Ibn al-Jawzī''; ca. 1116 – 16 June 1201) for short, or reverentially as ''Imam Ibn al-Jawzī'' by ...
(1116–1201), heresiographer, historian, hagiographer and philologist
*
Ibn Juzayy
Abu al-Qasim, Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah, Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi al-Gharnati () was an Andalusian Maliki-Ash'ari scholar and poet of Arab origin.
Works
He wrote many religious works such as his ''al-Qawanin al-Fiqhiyyah'' or "T ...
(d. 1357), historian, scholar and writer of poetry
*
Ibn Juljul
Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn Hassan Ibn Juljul ( ar, سليمان بن حسان ابن جلجل) (c. 944 Córdoba – c. 994) was an influential Andalusian Arab physician and pharmacologist of perhaps Spanish extraction. He wrote an important book on t ...
(c. 944–c. 994), physician and pharmacologist
*
Ibn Jazla
Abu Ali Yahya ibn Isa ibn Jazla al-Baghdadi or Ibn Jazlah (), Latinized as Buhahylyha Bingezla, was an 11th-century Arab physician of Baghdad and author of an influential treatise on regimen that was translated into Latin in 1280 AD by the Sicili ...
(11th century), physician and author of influential treatise on regimen
*
Ibn Jubayr
Ibn Jubayr (1 September 1145 – 29 November 1217; ar, ابن جبير), also written Ibn Jubair, Ibn Jobair, and Ibn Djubayr, was an Arab geographer, traveller and poet from al-Andalus. His travel chronicle describes the pilgrimage he made to M ...
(1145–1217), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals
K
*
Khalifah ibn Khayyat
Abū ʿAmr Khalīfa ibn Khayyāṭ al-Laythī al-ʿUṣfurī () (born : 160/161 AH/777 AD– died 239/240 AH/854 AD) was an Arab historian.
His family were natives of Basra
Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city lo ...
(777–854), Arab historian
*
Al-Khalili (1320–1380), astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use
*
Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit ibn Aḥmad ibn Māhdī al-Shāfiʿī, commonly known as al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī ( ar, الخطيب البغدادي) or "the lecturer from Baghdad" (10 May 1002 – 5 September 1071; 392 AH-463 AH), wa ...
(1002–1071), Islamic scholar and historian
*
Al-Khayyat (c. 770–c. 835), astrologer and a student of
Mashallah
''Mashallah'' ( ar, مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ, '), also written Masha'Allah, Maşallah ( Turkey and Azerbaijan), Masya Allah ( Malaysia and Indonesia), Maschallah ( Germany), and Mašallah (Bosnia), is an Arabic phrase that is used to e ...
*
Al-Kindi
Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (; ar, أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; la, Alkindus; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician ...
(c. 801–873),
Arab philosopher,
mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...
,
astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either o ...
,
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and
geographer
A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...
*
Ibn al-Khabbaza (d. 1239), historian and poet
*
Ibn al-Kammad
Abu Jafar Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn al‐Kammad () (died 1195) was a Muslim Arab astronomer born in Seville, Al-Andalus. He is known to have been educated in Córdoba, Spain, Cordoba by the students of Al-Zarqali. His works such as ''al Kawr ala al dawr ...
(d. 1195), astronomer
*
Ibn al-Kattani
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Husayn Ibn al-Kattani al-Madhiji () (951–1029), sometimes nicknamed "al-Mutatabbib" (the physician), was a well-known Arab scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet.
Born in Córdoba i ...
(951–1029), scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet
*
Ali ibn Khalaf Alī ibn Khalaf () was an Andalusian astronomer who belonged to the scientific circle of Ṣāʿid al- Andalusī.
He devised, with help from al-Zarqali, the universal astrolabe. Both Khalaf and al-Zarqali's design were included in the ''Libros del ...
(11th century), astronomer
*
Ibn al-Khatib
Lisan ad-Din Ibn al-Khatib ( ar, لسان الدين ابن الخطيب, Lisān ad-Dīn Ibn al-Khaṭīb) (Born 16 November 1313, Loja– died 1374, Fes; full name in ar, محمد بن عبد الله بن سعيد بن عبد الله بن س ...
(1313–1374), polymath, poet, writer, historian, philosopher, physician
*
Ibn Kathir (c. 1300–1373), influential Sunni scholar and historian
*
Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun (; ar, أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, ; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732-808 AH) was an Arab
The Historical Muhammad', Irving M. Zeitlin, (Polity Press, 2007), p. 21; "It is, o ...
(1332–1406), historian, sociologist, and philosopher
L
*
Al-Laqani
Ibrahim al-Laqqani () was a mufti of Maliki law, a scholar of Hadith, a scholar of theology and author of one of the most popular didactic poems on Ash'ari theology (''Jawharat at-Tawhid'') which became the subject of numerous commentaries and ...
(d. 1631),
mufti
A Mufti (; ar, مفتي) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatwas'' played an important rol ...
of
Maliki
The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primar ...
law, a scholar of
Hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
, a scholar of theology and author of one of the didactic poems on
Ash'ari
Ashʿarī theology or Ashʿarism (; ar, الأشعرية: ) is one of the main Sunnī schools of Islamic theology, founded by the Muslim scholar, Shāfiʿī jurist, reformer, and scholastic theologian Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī in the 9 ...
theology
*
Al-Lakhmi
Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Qayrawani Al-Rab'i Al-Lakhmi (Arabic: علي بن محمد القيرواني الربعي اللخمي), also known as Imam al-Lakhmi (c. 1006 – 1085 CE) (390 AH – 478 AH ), was a famous jurist in the Maliki school of ...
(1006–1085), jurist in the
Maliki
The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primar ...
school
M
*
Malik ibn Anas
Malik ibn Anas ( ar, مَالِك بن أَنَس, 711–795 CE / 93–179 AH), whose full name is Mālik bin Anas bin Mālik bin Abī ʿĀmir bin ʿAmr bin Al-Ḥārith bin Ghaymān bin Khuthayn bin ʿAmr bin Al-Ḥārith al-Aṣbaḥī ...
(711–795), theologian, and hadith traditionist
*
Maslama al-Majriti (950–1007), astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist
*
Moulay Brahim
Moulay Brahim or Mawlāy Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad al-Amghārī (died 1661 CE), nicknamed Ṭayr al-Jabal "Bird of the Mountain", was a well-known Moroccan sufi saint. He was the grandson of ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥusayn al-Ḥassānī, the founder (c. 152 ...
(d. 1661 CE), Sufi saint
*
Mujir al-Din
Mujīr al-Dīn al-ʿUlaymī (Arabic: ) (1456–1522), often simply Mujir al-Din, was a Jerusalemite ''qadi'' and historian whose principal work chronicled the history of Jerusalem and Hebron in the Middle Ages.Little, 1995, p. 237.van Donze ...
(1456–1522), qadi and historian
*
Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi
Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi () also known as Abu Isa Abu Abdallah Mohammed al-Mahdi ibn Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Fihri al-Fasi was a well-known mystic, biographer and historian from Fes. A member of the prominent ''al-Fasi'' family. He was born in ...
(1624–1698), mystic, biographer and historian
*
Mohammed al-Arbi al-Fasi
Abu Abd Allah Hamid Mohammed ibn Yusuf al-Arbi al-Fasi () (1580–1642), born to the ''al-Fasi'' family in Fas in Morocco, is the author of several books among which ''Mir'at al-Mahâsin min akhbar al-shaykh Abi al-Mahasin'' (The Mirror of exemp ...
(1580–1642), author
*
Mohammed ibn Qasim al-Tamimi
Al-Tamimi, in full Abu Abd Allah Mohammed ibn Qasim ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Karim al-Tamimi al-Fasi () (born 1140/5, died 1207/8) was a Moroccan Arab hadith scholar and biographer, author of ''Al-Mustafad fi manaqib al-ubbad bi-madinat Fas wa ma ...
(1140–1207),
hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
scholar and
biographer
Biographers are authors who write an account of another person's life, while autobiographers are authors who write their own biography.
Biographers
Countries of working life: Ab=Arabia, AG=Ancient Greece, Al=Australia, Am=Armenian, AR=Ancient Rome ...
*
Mohammed ibn Nasir
Sidi Mohammed ibn Nasir ( ar, مْحَمَّد بنَّاصر) or Mohammed ibn Mohammed ibn Ahmed ibn Mohammed ibn al-Hussayn ibn Nasir ibn Amr abu Bakr al-Drawi al-Aghlabi (1603–1674) was a Moroccan Sufi and founder of the Nasiriyya ''zawiyya ...
(1603–1674), theologian, scholar and physician
*
Makhdoom Ali Mahimi
Makhdoom Ali Mahimi Shafi'i (1372–1431 A.D) was a saint and scholar of international repute. He lived during the time of the Tughlaq dynasty and that of Sultan Ahmed Shah of Gujarat, and was married to the Sultan's sister. He is widely acknowl ...
(1372–1431), Muslim scholar and saint
*
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward ibn Kawshādh Banu Qushayr, al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī ( ar, أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد ب� ...
(815–875), Islamic scholar, theologian and famous hadith compiler
*
Mujahid ibn Jabr
Abū l-Ḥajjāj Mujāhid ibn Jabr al-Qāriʾ ( ar, مُجَاهِدُ بْنُ جَبْرٍ) (642–722 CE) was a Tabi‘ and one of the major early Islamic scholars. His tafsīr of the Qur'an (exegesis/commentary) is believed to be the earlie ...
(645–722), Islamic scholar and jurist
*
Mohammed ibn al-Tayyib
Mohammed bin al-Tayyib () or Abu Abdallah Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Musa bin Mohammed al-Sharqi al-Sumayli ibn Tayyib al-Fasi al-Alami (1698–1756) was a famous Moroccan linguist, historian and scholar of fikh (law) and hadith. He is the autho ...
(1698–1756), linguist, historian and scholar of fikh and
hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
*
Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samra ibn Jundab al-Fazari () (died 796 or 806) was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He is not to be confused with his father Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer and ma ...
(d. 796 or 806), Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer
*
Muhammad al-Baghdadi
Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Bāqī al-Baghdadi al-Ansārī al-Kaabī (1050-1141) (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الباقي البغدادي) also known as Qadi al-Maristan, was an Arab jurist and mathematician.
He was the author of a comment ...
(d. 1037), mathematician
*
Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi
Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi () (d. 1165 CE) was a 12th-century Andalusian-Arab oculist
Ophthalmology ( ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.
An ophthalmologist is a physic ...
(d.1165), an
Arab doctor, ophthalmologist and pharmacist
*
Muhammad Ibn Wasi' Al-Azdi Muhammad Ibn Wasi' Al-Azdi (d.ca.744 or 751) was a '' tabi'i'' Islamic scholar of ''hadith'', judge, and soldier who was noted for his asceticism (''zuhd''). His statement, 'I never saw anything without seeing Allah therein' was much discussed by la ...
(d. 751),
Islamic scholar
In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious ...
of ''
hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
'', judge and soldier
*
Muhammad al-Shaybani
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Farqad ash-Shaybānī ( ar, أبو عبد الله محمد بن الحسن بن فرقد الشيباني; 749/50 – 805), the father of Muslim international law, was an Arab jurist and a dis ...
(749/50 – 805), father of Muslim international law
*
Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi
Muḥammad ibn Umayl al-Tamīmī ( ar, محمد بن أميل التميمي), known in Latin as Senior Zadith, was an early Muslim alchemist who lived from to
Very little is known about his life. A Vatican Library catalogue lists one manus ...
(900–960), Arab
alchemist
Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim world, ...
*
Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam
Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam Ubaydullah Ibn al-Muzaffar al-Bahili ( ar, أفضل الدولة أبو المجد محمد بن أبي الحكم عبيد اللَّه بن المظفر بن عبد اللَّه الباهلي; d. 1174 CE) was an And ...
(d. 1174), physician, musician and astrologer
*
Abu Mikhnaf
Lut ibn Yahya ibn Sa'id ibn Mikhnaf al-Azdi ( ar, لوط ابن يحيٰ ابن سعيد ابن مِخنَف الأزدي, Lūṭ ibn Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd ibn Mikhnaf al-Azdī), more commonly known by his '' kunya'' (epithet) Abu Mikhnaf ( ar, أ ...
(d. 774), historian
*
Abu Madyan
Abu Madyan Shuʿayb ibn al-Husayn al-Ansari al-Andalusi ( ar, ابو مدين شعيب بن الحسين الأنصاري الأندلسي; c. 1126 – 1198 CE), commonly known as Abū Madyan, was an influential Andalusian mystic and a great Su ...
(1126–1198), influential
Andalusian
Andalusia is a region in Spain.
Andalusian may also refer to:
Animals
*Andalusian chicken, a type of chicken
*Andalusian donkey, breed of donkey
*Andalusian hemipode, a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds
*Andalusian horse, a breed of ho ...
mystic and a
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
master
*
Al-Masudi
Al-Mas'udi ( ar, أَبُو ٱلْحَسَن عَلِيّ ٱبْن ٱلْحُسَيْن ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱلْمَسْعُودِيّ, '; –956) was an Arab historian, geographer and traveler. He is sometimes referred to as the "Herodotu ...
(896–956), historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India,
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
and China, spent his last years in
Syria and
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...
*
Al-Maʿarri
Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī ( ar, أبو العلاء المعري, full name , also known under his Latin name Abulola Moarrensis; December 973 – May 1057) was an Arab philosopher, poet, and writer. Despite holding a controversially irreli ...
(973–1057), blind Arab
philosopher, poet and writer
*
Al-Maqrizi
Al-Maqrīzī or Maḳrīzī (Arabic: ), whose full name was Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī (Arabic: ) (1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian Arab historian during the Mamluk era, kno ...
(1364–1442), historian
*
Al-Maqdisi
Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Maqdisī ( ar, شَمْس ٱلدِّيْن أَبُو عَبْد ٱلله مُحَمَّد ابْن أَحْمَد ابْن أَبِي بَكْر ٱلْمَقْدِسِي), ...
(946–991), medieval Arab
geographer
A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...
, author of ''Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim'' (''The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions'')
*
Al-Maziri
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Omar ibn Muhammad al-Tamimi al-Maziri () (1061 – 1141 CE) (453 AH – 536 AH ), simply known as Al-Maziri or as Imam al-Maziri and Imam al-Mazari, was an important Arab Muslim jurist in the Maliki school of Sunni Islamic ...
(1061–1141 CE), jurist in the
Maliki
The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primar ...
school
*
Al-Mubarrad
Al-Mubarrad () (al-Mobarrad), or Abū al-‘Abbās Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (c. 826c. 898), was a native of Baṣrah. He was a philologist, biographer and a leading grammarian of the School of Basra, a rival to the School of Kufa. In 860 he was ...
(826–898), grammarian and linguist
*
Al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik
Abu al-Wafa' al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik ( ar, ابو الوفاء المبشّر بن فاتك ) was an Arab philosopher and scholar well versed in the mathematical sciences and also wrote on logic and medicine. He was born in Damascus but lived mai ...
(11th century), mathematician
*
Al-Musabbihi Al-Amīr al-Mukhtār ʿIzz al-Mulk Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abīʾl Qāsim ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Azīz al-Ḥarranī al-Musabbiḥī al-Kātib, commonly known simply as al-Musabbihi () (4 March 977 – April/ ...
(977–1030), Fatimid historian
*
Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi
Ibn Khalaf al-Murādī, (; 11th century) was an Andalusian engineer.
Al-Murādī was the author of the technological manuscript entitled ''Kitāb al-asrār fī natā'ij al-afkār'' ('', The Book of Secrets in the Results of Thoughts'' or ''The ...
(11th century) mechanical engineer and inventor
*
Ibn al-Majdi
Shihāb al‐Dīn ibn al‐Majdī ( ar, شهاب الدين بن المجدي; 1359–1447 CE) was an Egyptian mathematician and astronomer. His most important mathematical work was "''Book of Substance''", a voluminous commentary on the ''Summar ...
(1359–1447), mathematician and astronomer
*
Ibn Manzur
Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī () also known as Ibn Manẓūr () (June–July 1233 – December 1311/January 1312) was an Arab lexicographer of the Arabic language and author o ...
(1233–1312), lexicographer and linguist
*
Ibn Malik
Abu 'Abd Allah Jamal al-Din Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh ibn Malik al-Ta'i al-Jayyani ( ar, ابو عبدالله جمال الدين محمد بن عبدالله بن محمد بن عبدالله بن مالك الطائي الجياني النحو ...
(1203/1204 or 1204/1025 – 21 February 1274) grammarian
*
Ibn Mājid (1432–1500), navigator and poet
*
Ibn Maḍāʾ
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Sa'id bin Harith bin Asim al-Lakhmi al-Qurtubi, better known as Ibn Maḍāʾ ( ar, ابن مضاء; 1116–1196) was an Arab Muslim polymath from Córdoba in Islamic Spain.Kees Versteegh, ' ...
(1116–1196), mathematician and grammarian
N
*
Niftawayh
Abu Abdillah Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin 'Urfah bin Sulaiman bin al-Mughira bin Habib bin al-Muhallab bin Abi Sufra al-Azdi () better known as Niftawayh, was a Medieval Muslim scholar. He was considered to be the best writer of his time, Al-Masudi' ...
(858–935), grammarian
*
Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji
Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji () (also spelled Nur al-Din Ibn Ishaq al-Betrugi and Abu Ishâk ibn al-Bitrogi) (known in the West by the Latinized name of Alpetragius) (died c. 1204) was an Iberian-Arab astronomer and a Qadi in al-Andalus. Al-Biṭrūjī ...
(d. 1204),
astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either o ...
and
philosopher; the
Alpetragius
Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji () (also spelled Nur al-Din Ibn Ishaq al-Betrugi and Abu Ishâk ibn al-Bitrogi) (known in the West by the Latinized name of Alpetragius) (died c. 1204) was an Iberian-Arab astronomer and a Qadi in al-Andalus. Al-Biṭrūjī ...
crater on the Moon is named after him
*
Nadr ibn al-Harith
Al-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith ibn ʿAlqama ibn Kalada ibn ʿAbd Manāf ibn Abd al-Dār ibn Quṣayy () (d. 624 CE) was an Arab pagan physician who lived in the same time and region as the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was captured after the Battle ...
(d. 624 CE), physician and practitioner
*
Nafi ibn al-Harith
Nāfiʿ ibn al-Ḥārith ibn Kalada al-Thaqafī ( ar, نَـافِـع ابْـن الْـحَـارِث ابْـن كَـلَـدة الـثَّـقَـفِي) (died 13 AH / 634 – 635 CE)) was an Arab physician of the Banu Thaqif. He was reco ...
(d. 13 AH/634–35), physician
*
Abu Jaʿfar an-Nahhas
Abu Jaʿfar An-Nahhas (; died 949 AD / AH 338) was an Egyptian Muslim scholar of grammar and Qur'anic exegete during the
10th-century Abbasid period. His full name was ''Abū Jaʿfar Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ismail Ibn Yūnus al-Murādi'', surname ...
(d. 338), grammarian
*
Al-Nawawi
Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī ( ar, أبو زكريا يحيى بن شرف النووي; (631A.H-676A.H) (October 1230–21 December 1277), popularly known as al-Nawawī or Imam Nawawī, was a Sunni Shafi'ite jurist and ...
(1234–1277), hadith scholar
*
Al-Nuwayri
Al-Nuwayrī, full name Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī ( ar, شهاب الدين أحمد بن عبد الوهاب النويري, born April 5, 1279 in Akhmim, present-day Egypt – died June 5, 1333 in Cairo) was an E ...
(1279–1333), historian and encyclopedist
*
Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and author, the first to describe
pulmonary circulation
The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lung ...
, compiled a medical encyclopedia and wrote numerous works on other subjects
*
Ibn al-Nadim
Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Nadīm ( ar, ابو الفرج محمد بن إسحاق النديم), also ibn Abī Ya'qūb Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Warrāq, and commonly known by the '' nasab'' (patronymic) Ibn al-Nadīm ...
(d. 995),
bibliophile
Bibliophilia or bibliophilism is the love of books. A bibliophile or bookworm is an individual who loves and frequently reads and/or collects books.
Profile
The classic bibliophile is one who loves to read, admire and collect books, often ama ...
of
Baghdad and compiler of the
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...
encyclopedic catalogue known as '
Kitāb al-Fihrist
The ''Kitāb al-Fihrist'' ( ar, كتاب الفهرست) (''The Book Catalogue'') is a compendium of the knowledge and literature of tenth-century Islam compiled by Ibn Al-Nadim (c.998). It references approx. 10,000 books and 2,000 authors.''The ...
'
Q
*
Qadi Ayyad
ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā (1083–1149) ( ar, القاضي عياض بن موسى, formally Abū al-Faḍl ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī ...
(1083–1149), biographer and historian
*
Qatāda ibn Di'āma Qatada ibn Di'amah al-Sadusi or Abu Khattab () (d. 117/735) was a mufassir and Muhaddith who lived in Basra, Iraq.
Life
He came from the clan of Sadus, from the northern Arab tribe of Banu Shayban. Little is known about his life, and the earliest ...
(d. 735/736), traditionalist,
hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
,
tafsir
Tafsir ( ar, تفسير, tafsīr ) refers to exegesis, usually of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' ( ar, مُفسّر; plural: ar, مفسّرون, mufassirūn). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, in ...
,
Arabic poetry
Arabic poetry ( ar, الشعر العربي ''ash-shi‘ru al-‘Arabīyyu'') is the earliest form of Arabic literature. Present knowledge of poetry in Arabic dates from the 6th century, but oral poetry is believed to predate that.
Arabic poetry ...
and
genealogy
Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kins ...
*
Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
Al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ( ar, قاسم بن محمد) (born 36 or 38 AH and died 106 AH or 108 AH; corresponding to 660/662 and 728/730)The Four Imams by Muhammad Abu Zahrahchapter on Imam Malik was a jurist in early Islam.
...
(660/62–728/30), Islamic scholar
*
Abū al-Ḥasan al-Qalaṣādī (1412–1486), mathematician from Al-Andalus specializing in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence
*
Al-Qabisi
Abu al-Saqr Abd al-Aziz ibn Uthman ibn Ali al-Qabisi, generally known as Al-Qabisi, (Latinised as Alchabitius or Alcabitius), and sometimes known as ''Alchabiz'', ''Abdelazys'', ''Abdilaziz'' (Arabic:'' 'Abd al-Azîz'', عبدالعزيز ال ...
(d. 967), astrologer and mathematician
*
Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥayyūn al-Tamīmiyy ( ar, النعمان بن محمد بن منصور بن أحمد بن حيون التميمي, generally known as al-Qāḍī al-Nu‘mān () or as ibn ...
(d. 974), official historian of the Fatimid caliphs
*
Al-Qalqashandi
Shihāb al-Dīn Abū 'l-Abbās Aḥmad ibn ‘Alī ibn Aḥmad ‘Abd Allāh al-Fazārī al-Shāfiʿī better known by the epithet al-Qalqashandī ( ar, شهاب الدين أحمد بن علي بن أحمد القلقشندي; 1355 or 1356 &ndash ...
(1355/56–1418), writer and mathematician
*
Al-Qushayri
'Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawazin Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī al-Naysābūrī ( fa, , ar, عبد الكريم بن هوازن بن عبد الملك بن طلحة أبو القاسم القشيري; 986 – 30 December 1072) was an Arab Muslim sch ...
(986–1074), theologian and philosopher
*
Al-Qastallani
Shihāb al-Dīn Abu'l-‘Abbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Qasṭallānī al-Qutaybī al-Shāfi‘ī ( ar, أحمد بن محمد ابن أبي بكر ابن عبد الملك بن أحمد بن حسين بن علي القسطلاني ...
(1448–1517), jurist and theologian
*
Al-Qifti
'Alī ibn Yūsuf al-Qifṭī or Ali Ibn Yusuf the Qifti (of Qift, his home city) (), he was ''Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Yūsuf ibn Ibrāhīm ibn 'Abd al-Wahid al-Shaybānī'' () (ca. 1172–1248); an Egyptian Arab historian, biog ...
(1172–1248), historian
*
Al-Qurtubi
Imam Abū ʿAbdullāh Al-Qurṭubī or Abū ʿAbdullāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Anṣārī al-Qurṭubī ( ar, أبو عبدالله القرطبي) (121429 April 1273) was an Andalusian jurist, Islamic scholar and muhaddith. He ...
(1233–1286), muhaddith and faqih
*
Ibn al-Qūṭiyya
Ibn al-Qūṭiyya (, died 6 November 977), born Muḥammad Ibn ʿUmar Ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʾIbrāhīm ibn ʿIsā ibn Muzāḥim (), also known as Abu Bakr or al-Qurtubi ("the Córdoban"), was an Andalusian historian and the greatest philologis ...
(d. 977), Andalusian historian
*
Ibn al-Quff Amīn-ad-Daula Abu-'l-Faraǧ ibn Yaʻqūb ibn Isḥāq Ibn al-Quff al-Karaki ( ar, أمين الدولة أبو الفرج بن يعقوب بن إسحاق بن القف الكركي; AD 1233–1286) was an Arab physician and surgeon and author of t ...
(1233–1286), physician
*
Ibn al-Qasim Ibn al-Qasim is a component of Arabic masculine names. Notable people whose full name includes "Ibn al-Qasim" or "Ibn al-Kasim" include:
* Ibn al-Qasim ('Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim al-'Utaqi), prominent early jurist in the Maliki school from Egypt
...
(750–806), jurist in the
Maliki
The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primar ...
school
*
Ibn al-Qalanisi
Abū Yaʿlā Ḥamzah ibn al-Asad ibn al-Qalānisī ( ar, ابو يعلى حمزة ابن الاسد ابن القلانسي; c. 1071 – 18 March 1160) was an Arab politician and chronicler in 12th-century Damascus.
Biography
Abu Ya‘la ('fath ...
(c. 1071–1160), chronicler and historian
*
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ibn Ayyūb al-Zurʿī l-Dimashqī l-Ḥanbalī (29 January 1292–15 September 1350 CE / 691 AH–751 AH), commonly known as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya ("The son of the principal of he school ...
(1292–1350), theologian, and spiritual writer
*
Ibn Qudamah
Ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdisī Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad ( ar, ابن قدامة المقدسي موفق الدين ابو محمد عبد الله بن احمد بن محمد ; 1147 - 7 July 1223), often re ...
(1147–1223), theologian
R
*
Rabia of Basra
Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya ( ar, رابعة العدوية القيسية) (714/717/718 — 801 CE) was an Arab Muslim saint and Sufi mystic and carried her life out as an influential religious figure. She is known in some parts of t ...
(714–801), philosopher and Sufi mystic
*
Rashidun al-Suri
Rashid al-Din al-Suri ( ar, رشيد الدين الصوري, translit=Rashid ad-din as-Sury, 1177–1241) was a leading physician and botanist in the Islamic world in the 13th century. He served the leading figures of the Ayyubid dynasty.Ali, 199 ...
(1177–1241), physician and botanist
*
Raja ibn Haywah
Rajaʾ ibn Ḥaywa ibn Khanzal al-Kindī () was a prominent Muslim theological and political adviser of the Umayyad caliphs Abd al-Malik (), al-Walid I (), Sulayman () and Umar II (). He was a staunch defender of the religious conduct of the calip ...
(7th century), architect, jurist and
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...
calligraphist
*
Rufaida Al-Aslamia
Rufaida Al-Aslamia (also transliterated Rufaida Al-Aslamiya or Rufaydah bint Sa`ad) ( ar, رفيدة الأسلمية) (born approx. 620 AD; 2 BH), was an Islamic medical and social worker recognized as the first female Muslim nurse and the first ...
(b. 620), physician
*
Al-Ruhawi Ishāq bin Ali al-Rohawi ( ar, إسحاق بن علي الرهاوي) was a 9th-century author of the first medical ethics book in Arabic medicine.
His ''Ethics of the Physician'' contains the first documented description for peer review processes. ...
(9th century), physician
*
Ibn Abi Ramtha (7th century), physician
*
Ibn al‐Raqqam
Ibn Al‐Raqqam Muḥammad Ibn Ibrahim Al‐Mursi Al‐Andalusi Al‐Tunisi Al‐Awsi ( ar, ابن الرقام الأوسي) also known as Ibn Al‐Raqqam was a 13th century Andalusian-Arab astronomer, mathematician and physician; but also a Su ...
(1250–1315), astronomer, mathematician and physician
*
Ibn Rajab
Imam Abd Al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Rajab (736-795 AH/1335–1393 CE), best known as ''Ibn Rajab Al-Hanbali'' and also ''Ibn Rajab'', which was a nickname he inherited from his grandfather who was born in the month of Rajab, was a Muslim scholar.
B ...
(1335–1392/93), Islamic scholar
S
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Sahnun
Sahnun ibn Sa'id ibn Habib at-Tanukhi () (c. 776/77 – 854/55) (160 AH – 240 AH ) was a jurist in the Maliki school from Qayrawan in modern-day Tunisia.
Biography
His original name was Abdu Salaam Ibn Said Ibn Habib () He gained the nickna ...
(776–854), Islamic scholar and
Maliki
The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primar ...
jurist
*
Said al-Andalusi
Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī (); he was Abū al-Qāsim Ṣāʿid ibn Abū al-Walīd Aḥmad ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṣāʿid ibn ʿUthmān al-Taghlibi al-Qūrtūbi () (1029July 6, 1070 AD; 4206 Shawwal, 462 AH); an Arab qadi of Toledo ...
(1029–1070), astronomer, historian and philosopher
*
Said ibn al-Musayyib
Abu Muhammad Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib ibn Hazn al-Makhzumi ( ar, سعید بن المسیب, Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib; 642–715) was one of the foremost authorities of jurisprudence (''fiqh'') among the '' taba'een'' (generation succeeding the comp ...
(642–715 CE), jurist and theologian
*
Sa'id ibn Aws al-Ansari
Abū Zayd Sa’īd ibn Aws al-Anṣārī (; died 830 CE/215 AH) was an Arab linguist and a reputable narrator of hadith. Sibawayh and al-Jāḥiẓ were among his pupils.
His father was Aws ibn Thabit also a hadith narrator, while his grandfather ...
(d. 830), linguist
*
Shihab al-Umari
Shihab al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Fadlallah al-Umari ( ar, شهاب الدين أبو العبّاس أحمد بن فضل الله العمري, Shihāb al-Dīn Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Faḍlallāh al-ʿUmarī), commonly known as Ibn Fadlal ...
(1300–1349), historian
*
Sayf ibn Umar
}) was an 8th-century Islamic historian and compiler of reports who lived in Kufa. He wrote the ('The Great book of Conquests and Apostasy Wars'), which was the later historian al-Tabari's (839–923) main source for the Ridda wars and the early ...
(1428–1497), historian
*
Sufyan al-Thawri
Sufyan al-Thawri ( ar, أبو عبد الله سفيان بن سعيد بن مسروق الثوري, ʼAbu ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʻīd ibn Masrūq al-Thawrī ; 716–778) was a ''Tābi‘ al-Tābi‘īn'' Islamic scholar, jurist, and founder ...
(716–778), Islamic scholar and jurist
*
Sa'id ibn Jubayr
Sa'id ibn Jubayr (665–714) ( ar, سعيد بن جبير), also known as Abū Muhammad, was originally from Kufa, in modern-day Iraq. He was regarded as one of the leading members of the Tabi'in (d. ca. 712). Sa'īd is held in the highest es ...
(665–714), theologian and jurist
*
Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah Sufyan is an Arabic name.
* Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi (born 1954), Indian Islamic scholar, rector of Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband
* Nader Sufyan Abbas (born 1975), Qatari weightlifter
*Abu Sufyan Al-Azdi (1973–2013), Saudi Arabian deputy leader of the t ...
(725–814), religious scholar and theologian
*
Sidi Mahrez
Sidi Mahrez ben Khalaf or Abu Mohamed Mahrez ben Khalaf ben Zayn ( ar, سيدي محرز بن خلف; 951–1022) was a Tunisian Wali, scholar of the Maliki school of jurisprudence and a Qadi. He is considered to be the patron-saint of the city of ...
(951–1022), scholar, jurist and
Qadi
A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a ''sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minor ...
*
Sibt al-Maridini
Sibt al-Maridini, full name Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Abū ʿAbd Allāh Badr hamsal‐Dīnal‐Miṣrī al‐Dimashqī (1423 – 1506 AD), was an astronomer and mathematician. () His father came from Damascus. The word "Sibt al ...
(1423–1506), astronomer and mathematician
*
Sitt al-Wuzara al-Tanukhiyyah (1226/1226-1338), an
Arab woman
The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between ...
scholar
*
Sulaiman al-Mahri (1480–1550), geographer
*
Abu al-Salt
Abū aṣ‐Ṣalt Umayya ibn ʿAbd al‐ʿAzīz ibn Abī aṣ‐Ṣalt ad‐Dānī al‐Andalusī () (October 23, 1134), known in Latin as Albuzale, was an Andalusian- Arab polymath who wrote about pharmacology, geometry, Aristotelian physics ...
(c. 1068–1134), astronomer, physician and alchemist
*
Abu Amr al-Shaybani ((d. 821/28), lexicographer and collector of Arabic poetry
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Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi ( ar, ابوسعیدمبارک مخزومی), known also as Mubarak bin Ali Makhzoomi and Abu Saeed and Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak (rarely known as Qazi Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak al-Mukharrimi) was a Sufi saint as well as a Musli ...
(1013–1119), theologian
*
Al-Shafi‘i
Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī ( ar, أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ٱلشَّافِعِيُّ, 767–19 January 820 CE) was an Arab Muslim theologian, writer, and schol ...
(767–820 CE), Islamic scholar
*
Al-Sakhawi
Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sakhāwī ( ar, شمس الدين محمد بن عبدالرحمن السخاوي, 1428/831 AH – 1497/902 AH) was a reputable Shafi‘i Muslim hadith scholar and historian who was born in ...
(1428–1497), hadith scholar and historian
*
Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man al-'Ukbari al-Baghdadi, known as al-Shaykh al-Mufid () and Ibn al-Mu'allim (c.9481022 CE), was a prominent Twelver Shia theologian. His father was a teacher (''mu'allim''), hence the name ...
(c. 948–1022 CE), Twelver Shia theologian
*
Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Shāṭibī (720 – 790 A.H./1320 – 1388 C.E.) was an Andalusí Sunni Islamic legal scholar following the Maliki madhab.Dr. Ahmad Raysuni, ''Imam Shatibi's Theory of the Higher Objectives and Intents ...
(1320–1388),
Islamic
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main ...
legal scholar
*
Al-Suwaydi (1204–1292), physician
*
Al-Shifa' bint Abdullah
Al-Shifāʾ bint ʿAbd Allāh ( ar, الشفاء بنت عبد الله), whose given name was Laylā, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Biography
She was the daughter of Abdullah ibn Abdshams and Fatima bint WahbMuhammad ibn Saad. ...
(7th century), healer, wise woman and practiced folk-medicine
*
Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi
Al-Amir al-Sayyid Jamal al-Din 'Abdalla Tanukhids, al-Tanukhi (May 1417 – September 1479) was a Druze theologian and commentator. He has been described as "the most deeply revered individual in Druze history after the ''hudud'' who founded and p ...
(951–1022),
Druze
The Druze (; ar, دَرْزِيٌّ, ' or ', , ') are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from Western Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion based on the teachings o ...
theologian and commentator
*
Al-Suhayli
Sidi Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Suhayli () (1114 – 1185), was born in Al-Andalus, Fuengirola (formerly called Suhayl) and died in Marrakesh. He is one of the seven saints of that city. Al-Suhayli wrote books on grammar and I ...
(1114–1185), grammarian and scholar of law.
*
Al-Ṣaidanānī (10th century), astronomer
*
Ibn al-Shatir
ʿAbu al-Ḥasan Alāʾ al‐Dīn ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ansari known as Ibn al-Shatir or Ibn ash-Shatir ( ar, ابن الشاطر; 1304–1375) was an Arab astronomer, mathematician and engineer. He worked as ''muwaqqit'' (موقت, religious t ...
(1304–1375), astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the
Umayyad Mosque
The Umayyad Mosque ( ar, الجامع الأموي, al-Jāmiʿ al-Umawī), also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus ( ar, الجامع الدمشق, al-Jāmiʿ al-Damishq), located in the old city of Damascus, the capital of Syria, is one of t ...
in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model
*
Ibn al-Saffar
Abu al‐Qasim Ahmad ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar al‐Ghafiqī ibn as-Saffar al‐Andalusi (born in Cordoba, died in the year 1035 at Denia), also known as Ibn as-Saffar (, literally: son of the brass worker), was a Spanish-Arab astronomer in Al-Anda ...
(d. 1035), astronomer
*
Ibn al-Samh
Abū al‐Qāsim Aṣbagh ibn Muḥammad ibn al‐Samḥ al‐Gharnāṭī al-Mahri () (born 979, Córdoba; died 1035, Granada), also known as Ibn al‐Samḥ, was an Arab mathematician and astronomer from Al-Andalus. He worked at the school founde ...
(979–1035), mathematician and astronomer
*
Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi
Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Mūsā ibn Saʿīd al-Maghribī ( ar, علي بن موسى المغربي بن سعيد) (1213–1286), also known as Ibn Saʿīd al-Andalusī, was an Arab geographer, historian, poet, and the most important collector o ...
(1213–1286), geographer
*
Ibn Sab'in
Ibn Sab'īn ( ar, محمدبن عبدالحق بن سبعين ') was an Arab Sufi philosopher, the last philosopher of the Andalus in the west land of Islamic world. He was born in 1217 in Spain and lived in Ceuta. He was known for his replies ...
(d. 1271), last philosopher of the
Andalus
*
Ibn Sidah
Abū’l-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn Ismāʻīl (), known as Ibn Sīdah (), or Ibn Sīdah'l-Mursī (), (c.1007-1066), was a linguist, philologist and lexicographer of Classical Arabic from Andalusia. He compiled the encyclopedia ' ()(Book of Customs) an ...
(c.1007–1066), grammarian and lexicographer
*
Ibn Sirin
Muhammad Ibn Sirin ( ar, محمد بن سيرين) (born in Basra) was a Muslim tabi' who lived in the 8th century CE. He was a contemporary of Anas ibn Malik. He is claimed by some to have been an interpreter of dreams, though others regard ...
(d. 729), mystic, psychologist and interpreter of dreams
*
Ibn Sa'd
Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī or simply Ibn Sa'd ( ar, ابن سعد) and nicknamed ''Scribe of Waqidi'' (''Katib al-Waqidi''), was a scholar and Arabian biographer. Ibn Sa'd was born in 784/785 CE ...
(784–845), scholar and Arabian biographer
*
Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri
Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Shihab al-Zuhri ( ar, محمد بن مسلم بن عبید الله بن عبد الله بن شهاب الزهری, translit=Muḥammad ibn Muslim ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh b. S̲h̲i ...
(670–741), historian
*
Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Abu Bakr (1200–1261), Medieval theologian
*
Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Fath al-Din (1272–1334), Medieval theologian
T
*
Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami al-Asadi ( ar, تقي الدين محمد بن معروف الشامي; ota, تقي الدين محمد بن معروف الشامي السعدي; tr, Takiyüddin 1526–1585) was an Ottoman poly ...
(1526–1585), physician, mathematician, clockmaker and astronomer
*
Taqi al-Din al-Subki
Abu Al-Hasan Taqī al-Dīn Ali ibn Abd al-Kafi ibn Ali al-Khazraji al-Ansari al-Subkī ( ar, أبو الحسن تقي الدين علي بن عبد الكافي بن علي الخزرجي الأنصاري السبكي), was a leading polymath a ...
(1284 CE–1355 CE), scholar, jurist and judge
*
Taj al-Din al-Subki
Abū Naṣr Tāj al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAlī ibn ʻAbd al-Kāfī al-Subkī (), or Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī ()or simply Ibn al-Subki was a leading Islamic scholar, a faqīh, a muḥaddith and a historian from the celebrated al-Subkī family ...
(1327/28–1370), historian and jurist
*
Taqi al-Din Muhammad al-Fasi (1373–1429),
historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...
, scholar,
hafith,
faqih and
Maliki
The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primar ...
qadi
A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a ''sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minor ...
*
Taqiyya Umm Ali bint Ghaith ibn Ali al-Armanazi (1111-1183), an
Arab woman
The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between ...
poet and scholar
*
Theodore Abu Qurrah Theodore Abū Qurrah ( gr, Θεόδωρος Ἀβουκάρας, Theodoros Aboukaras; ar, تواضروس أبو قرة, Tawadrūs Abū Qurrah; c. 750, – c. 825) was a 9th-century Melkite bishop and theologian who lived in the early Islamic period ...
(750–825), theologian and bishop
*
Thābit ibn Qurra
Thābit ibn Qurra (full name: , ar, أبو الحسن ثابت بن قرة بن زهرون الحراني الصابئ, la, Thebit/Thebith/Tebit); 826 or 836 – February 19, 901, was a mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator ...
(826–902), mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator
*
Al-Tabarani
Abū al-Qāsim Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad ibn Ayyūb ibn Muṭayyir al-Lakhmī al-Shāmī al-Ṭabarānī (Arabic: أبو القاسم سليمان بن أحمد بن أيوب بن مطير اللَّخمي الشامي الطبراني) (AH 260/c. 87 ...
(873–970), Islamic scholar
*
Al-Tughrai
Mu'ayyad al-Din Abu Isma‘il al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Samad al-Du'ali al-Kināni al-Tughra'i (Arabic: العميد فخر الكتاب مؤيد الدين أبو إسماعيل الحسين بن علي بن محمد بن عبد ا ...
(c. 1061–1122), physician and alchemist
*
Al-Tahawi
Abu Ja'far Ahmad al-Tahawi ( ar, أبو جعفر الطحاوي, translit=Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī) (843 – 5 November 933), or simply aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī (Arabic: ), was an Egyptian Arab Hanafi jurist and Athari theologian. He studie ...
(843–933), jurist and a
hadith scholar
Hadith studies ( ar, علم الحديث ''ʻilm al-ḥadīth'' "science of hadith", also science of hadith, or science of hadith criticism or hadith criticism)
consists of several religious scholarly disciplines used by Muslim scholars in th ...
*
Al-Tighnari
Al-Tighnari (meaning "from Tignar", ; full name: Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Malik al-Murri al-Tighnari al-Gharnati ; ) was an Andalusian Arab Muslim agronomist, botanist, poet, traveler, and physician. Al-Tighnari wrote a treatise on agronomy call ...
(1073–1118), agronomist, botanist, biologist
*
Al-Tamimi
Banū Tamīm ( ar, بَنُو تَمِيم) is an Arab tribe that originated in Najd in the Arabian Peninsula. It is mainly present in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Algeria, and has a strong presence in Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia, ...
(10th-century), physician from
Palestine
__NOTOC__
Palestine may refer to:
* State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia
* Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia
* Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East J ...
*
Al-Tawhīdī (923–1023), philosopher and thinker
*
Ibn Taymiyyah
Ibn Taymiyyah (January 22, 1263 – September 26, 1328; ar, ابن تيمية), birth name Taqī ad-Dīn ʾAḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm ibn ʿAbd al-Salām al-Numayrī al-Ḥarrānī ( ar, تقي الدين أحمد بن عبد الحليم � ...
(d. 1328), theologian and logician
*
Ibn al-Tiqtaqa
Ṣafī al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ṭabāṭabā (; 1262– 1309) also known as Ibn al-Tiqtaqa, was a historian and ''naqib'' of Alids in Hillah, Ḥilla.
He was a direct descendant of Hasan ibn Ali, Ḥasan ibn Ali, Ali ibn Abi Ṭal ...
(d. 1310), historian
*
Ibn Tawus
Sayyed Radhi ud-Deen Ali ibn Musa ibn Tawus al Hasani wal Husaini (1193-1266 AD) commonly called Sayyed Ibn Tawus () was a Shiite jurist, theologian, historian and astrologer. He was a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali through his father and a descendan ...
(1193–1266), astrologer
*
Ibn Tufail
Ibn Ṭufail (full Arabic name: ; Latinized form: ''Abubacer Aben Tofail''; Anglicized form: ''Abubekar'' or ''Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail''; c. 1105 – 1185) was an Arab Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theo ...
(1105–1185), Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official
*
Ibn al-Thahabi
Abu Mohammed Abdellah Ibn Mohammed Al-Azdi ( ar, ابو محمد عبدالله بن محمد الأزدي) (ca. ? - 1033 CE), known also as Ibn Al-Thahabi or Ibn al-Zahabi was an Arab physician, famous for writing the first known alphabetical ency ...
(d. 1033),
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and author of the first known alphabetical encyclopedia of medicine
U
*
Usama ibn Munqidh
Majd ad-Dīn Usāma ibn Murshid ibn ʿAlī ibn Munqidh al-Kināni al-Kalbī (also Usamah, Ousama, etc.; ar, مجد الدّين اُسامة ابن مُرشد ابن على ابن مُنقذ الكنانى الكلبى) (4 July 1095 – 17 Nove ...
(1095–1188), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat
*
Urwah ibn Zubayr
ʿUrwah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām al-Asadī ( ar , عروة بن الزبير بن العوام الأسدي, ) was among the seven '' fuqaha'' (jurists) who formulated the fiqh of Medina in the time of the Tabi‘in and one of the Muslim ...
(7th century), historian and jurist
*
Umm al-Darda
Umm al-Darda al-Kubra ( Arabic: أم الدرداء الكبرى) was a companion of prophet Muhammad. She was a prominent jurist during the 7th century in Damascus.
One of her students, ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān, was the 5th Umayyad caliph. H ...
(7th century), jurist and theologian
*
Umm Darda al-Sughra (7th century),
jurist
A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Un ...
and
scholar of Islam
In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious ...
*
Umm Farwah (8th century), hadith narrator and saint
*
Al-Uqlidisi Abu'l Hasan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim Al-Uqlidisi ( ar, أبو الحسن أحمد بن ابراهيم الإقليدسي) was a Muslim Arab mathematician, who was active in Damascus and Baghdad. He wrote the earliest surviving book on the positional use ...
(920–980), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals
*
Al-Urḍī (d. 1266), astronomer
*
Ibn Abi Usaibia
Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa Muʾaffaq al-Dīn Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Ibn Al-Qāsim Ibn Khalīfa al-Khazrajī ( ar, ابن أبي أصيبعة; 1203–1270), commonly referred to as Ibn Abi Usaibia (also ''Usaibi'ah, Usaybea, Usaibi`a, Usaybiʿah'' ...
(1203–1270),
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and
historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...
, wrote ''Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba'' (''Lives of the Physicians'')
*
Ibn Uthal (7th century), physician
*
Ibn Umail
Muḥammad ibn Umayl al-Tamīmī ( ar, محمد بن أميل التميمي), known in Latin as Senior Zadith, was an early Muslim alchemist who lived from to
Very little is known about his life. A Vatican Library catalogue lists one manus ...
, (10th century), alchemist and mystic
W
*
Waddah al-Yaman
Waddah al-Yaman ( ar, وضّاح اليمن), born Abdul Rahman bin Isma’il al-Khawlani ( ar, عبدالرحمن بن اسماعيل الخولاني) (died 708), was an Arab poet.
Biography
Al-Yaman was born in Yemen in the second half of th ...
(d. 709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems
*
Wasil ibn Ata
Wāṣil ibn ʿAtāʾ (700–748) ( ar, واصل بن عطاء) was an important Muslim theologian and jurist of his time, and by many accounts is considered to be the founder of the Muʿtazilite school of Kalam.
Born around the year 700 in th ...
(700–748), theologian and founder of the Mutazilite school of Islamic thought
*
Al-Warraq (889–994), scholar and critic of religions
*
Al-Wafa'i (1408–1471), astronomer
*
Ibn al-Wafid
ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Wāfid al-Lakhmī () (c. 1008 – 1074), known in Latin Europe as , was an Andalusian Arab pharmacologist and physician from Toledo. He was the vizier of Al-Mamun of Toledo. His main work is ''Kitāb al-adwiya al-m ...
(997–1074), pharmacologist and physician
*
Ibn al-Wardi Abū Ḥafs Zayn al-Dīn ʻUmar ibn al-Muẓaffar Ibn al-Wardī ( ar, عمر ابن مظفر ابن الوردي), known as Ibn al-Wardi, was an Arab historian -, the author of ''Kharīdat al-ʿAjā'ib wa farīdat al-gha'rāib'' ("The Pearl of wond ...
(1292–1342), historian
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Ibn Wahb
Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Wahb ibn Muslim al-Fihri al-Qurashi al-Misri (743 – 813 CE) (125 – 197 AH ), better known as Ibn Wahb was an important Egyptian early jurist in the Maliki school. He was one of Malik's best known companions and h ...
(743–813 CE), jurist of Maliki school
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Ibn Wahshiyya
( ar, ابن وحشية), died , was a Nabataean (Aramaic-speaking, rural Iraqi) agriculturalist, toxicologist, and alchemist born in Qussīn, near Kufa in Iraq. He is the author of the '' Nabataean Agriculture'' (), an influential Arabic work ...
(10th century), Arab alchemist and agriculturalist
Y
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Yahya ibn Aktham
Abu Muhammad Yahya ibn Aktham ( ar, أبو محمد يحيى بن أكثم, died 857) was a ninth century Arab Islamic jurist. He twice served as the chief judge of the Abbasid Caliphate, from ca. 825 to 833 and 851 to 854.
Career
Yahya was bo ...
(d. 857), jurist
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Yaʿīsh al-Umawī (1400–1489), mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic
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Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
Abu Amir Yusuf ibn Ahmad ibn Hud ( ar, أبو عامر يوسف إبن أحمد إبن هود, Abū ʿĀmir Yūsuf ibn Aḥmad ibn Hūd; died ), more commonly known as al-Mu'taman, was a mathematician, and also one of the kings of the Taifa of Za ...
(11th century), mathematician
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Abu Yusuf
Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari () better known as Abu Yusuf ( ar, أبو يوسف, Abū Yūsuf) (d.798) was a student of jurist Abu Hanifa (d.767) who helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school of Islamic law through his writings and the g ...
(735–798), Islamic scholar
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Ibn Yunus
Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi al-Misri (Arabic: ابن يونس; c. 950 – 1009) was an important Egyptian astronomer and mathematician, whose works are noted for being ahead of their time, having been based ...
(c. 950–1009), mathematician and astronomer
Z
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Zayn al-Din al-Amidi Zayn al-Din 'Ali ibn Ahmad al-Amidi ( ar, زين الدين علي بن أحمد الآمدي; died 712 H/1312 AD) was a blind Arab scholar most known for inventing a system before Braille that allowed him to study and recognize his books. His meth ...
(d. 1312 AD), Islamic scholar and inventor
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Zaynab bint al-Kamal
Zaynab bint al-Kamāl (646-740 AH/1248-1339 AD) was a hadith scholar and teacher from Damascus. Her full name was Um Abdullah Zaynab bint Ahmad b. Abdulraheem al-Maqdisiya al-Dimashqiya, but biographers and historians more commonly refer to her un ...
(1248–1339),
Arab woman
The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between ...
scholar
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Zethos
Amphion ( ()) and Zethus (; Ζῆθος ''Zēthos'') were, in ancient Greek mythology, the twin sons of Zeus (or Theobus) by Antiope. They are important characters in one of the two founding myths of the city of Thebes, because they constructed ...
(3rd-century), neoplatonist and disciple of
Plotinus
Plotinus (; grc-gre, Πλωτῖνος, ''Plōtînos''; – 270 CE) was a philosopher in the Hellenistic philosophy, Hellenistic tradition, born and raised in Roman Egypt. Plotinus is regarded by modern scholarship as the founder of Neop ...
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Zakariya al-Qazwini
Zakariyya' al-Qazwini ( , ar, أبو يحيى زكرياء بن محمد بن محمود القزويني), also known as Qazvini ( fa, قزوینی), born in Qazvin (Iran) and died 1283, was a Persian cosmographer and geographer of Arab anc ...
(d. 1283), physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer
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Zakariyya al-Ansari
Zakariyyā al-Ansārī was a leading Sunni Muslim polymath ʿĀlim of the 15th century.
Biography Birth
He was born in or around 1420 CE, in Sunaika, located in the Egyptian province of Sharqiyya. Education
During his adolescence, al- Ans ...
(c. 1420–1520), Islamic scholar and mystic
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Zayn al-Abidin
ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ( ar, علي بن الحسين زين العابدين), also known as al-Sajjād (, ) or simply as Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (), , was an Imam in Shiʻi Islam after his father Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle Hasan ...
(659–713), Muslim scholar and Twelver Imam
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Al-Zahrawi
Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn al-'Abbās al-Zahrāwī al-Ansari ( ar, أبو القاسم خلف بن العباس الزهراوي; 936–1013), popularly known as al-Zahrawi (), Latinisation of names, Latinised as Albucasis (from Arabic ''A ...
(936–1013), Islam's greatest medieval
surgeon, wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the
Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass id ...
, considered the "father of
surgery", wrote ''
Al-Tasrif
The ''Kitāb al-Taṣrīf'' ( ar, كتاب التصريف لمن عجز عن التأليف, lit=The Arrangement of Medical Knowledge for One Who is Not Able to Compile a Book for Himself), known in English as The Method of Medicine, is a 30-volume ...
'', a thirty-volume collection of
medical practice
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practic ...
*
Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar
Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkār ( ar , أبو عبدالله الزبير بن بكار بن عبد الله بن مصعب بن ثابت بن عبد الله بن الزبير بن العوام, (788-870 CE / 172-256 AH), a descendant of Al-Zubayr ibn al ...
(788–870), historian and genealogist
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Al-Zarqali (1028–1087),
mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...
, influential
astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either o ...
, and instrument maker, contributed to the famous
Tables of Toledo
The ''Toledan Tables'', or ''Tables of Toledo'', were astronomical tables which were used to predict the movements of the Sun, Moon and planets relative to the fixed stars. They were a collection of mathematic tables that describe different aspec ...
*
Ibn Zuhr
Abū Marwān ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Zuhr ( ar, أبو مروان عبد الملك بن زهر), traditionally known by his Latinized name Avenzoar (; 1094–1162), was an Arab physician, surgeon, and poet. He was born at Seville in medieval An ...
(1091–1161), prominent
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
of the Medieval Islamic period
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Ibn Zafar al Siqilli
Hujjat al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Abi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Zafar al-Siqilli ( ar, حجة الدين أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي محمد بن محمد بن ظفر الصقلي, Ḥujjat al-Dīn Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥ ...
(1104–1172), Arab-Sicilian philosopher and polymath
Notes
See also
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Science in the medieval Islamic world
Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids in Persia, the Abbasid Caliphate an ...
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List of scientists in medieval Islamic world
This is a list of Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization in the Islamic Golden Age (i.e. from the 8th century to the 14th century).
Astronomers and astrologers
* Ibrahim al-Fazari (d. 777)
* Muhammad ...
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List of modern Arab scientists and engineers
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List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars
The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age. For the modern era, see List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers ...
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List of Turkic scholars
The following is a list of Turkic scholars.
Pre-Ottoman era
The following is a non-comprehensive list of Central Asian scientists and engineers who lived from antiquity up until the Ottoman era.
*Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), phi ...
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List of Arabs
This is a list of notable Arabs.
Public figures Politicians Presidents
* Adib Shishakli (born 1909), President of Syria
* Houari Boumédiène (1932–1978), second president of Algeria.
* Anwar Sadat (1918–1981), third president of Egyp ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arab Scientists And Scholars
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Scientists and scholars
Lists of scientists by nationality
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Medieval Islamic world-related lists
People of the medieval Islamic world by ethnicity