''Aquareovirus'' is a genus of

double-stranded RNA viruses Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to ...

in the order ''

Reovirales ''Reovirales'' is an Order (biology), order of double-stranded RNA viruses. Member viruses, called reoviruses, have a wide Host (biology), host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists and fungi. They lack lipid Viral envelop ...

'' and family ''

Spinareoviridae ''Spinareoviridae'' is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses in the order ''Reovirales''. Viruses in this group are distinguished by the presence of a turreted protein on the inner capsid. (''Spina'' = spiny or thorny in Latin.) Taxonomy The ...

''.

Fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...

shellfish Shellfish, in colloquial and fisheries usage, are exoskeleton-bearing Aquatic animal, aquatic invertebrates used as Human food, food, including various species of Mollusca, molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish ...

, and

crustacean Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...

species serve as natural hosts. Aquareoviruses in general have low or no pathogenicity for fish. However, some cause hemorrhagic disease,

hepatitis Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver parenchyma, liver tissue. Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Anorexia (symptom), poor appetite ...

and

pancreatitis Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormone A hormone (from the Ancient Greek, Greek participle , "se ...

. Grass carp hemorrhage virus (causes hemorrhagic disease of grass carp) is the most pathogenic aquareovirus. There are seven species in this genus.

Structure

Aquareoviruses are non-enveloped, with a double

capsid A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or m ...

structure that has

icosahedral In geometry, an icosahedron ( or ) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes . The plural can be either "icosahedra" () or "icosahedrons". There are infinitely many non- similar shapes of icosahedra, some of them being more symmetrical tha ...

geometries, and T=13, T=2 symmetry. The diameter is around 75 nm.

Genome

Aquareoviruses have double-stranded RNA genomes which are linear and segmented. The total genome length ranges from 18.2 to 30.5 kbp. The genome has eleven segments and codes for twelve proteins.

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host cell receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Fish, shellfish, and crustacean species serve as the natural host.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Aquareovirus'' has seven member species: * ''Aquareovirus ctenopharyngodontis'', which includes Golden shiner virus and Grass carp virus * ''Aquareovirus graminis'' * ''Aquareovirus ictaluri'' * ''Aquareovirus maculosi'' * ''Aquareovirus oncorhynchi'' * ''Aquareovirus salmonis'' * ''Aquareovirus scophthalmi''

References

External links

Viralzone: Aquareovirus

ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q18822276 Spinareovirinae Virus genera