''Apollon'' (Russian: Аполло́н) was a Russian

avant-garde In the arts and literature, the term ''avant-garde'' ( meaning or ) identifies an experimental genre or work of art, and the artist who created it, which usually is aesthetically innovative, whilst initially being ideologically unacceptable ...

literary magazine that served as a principal publication of the Russian modernist movement in the early 20th century. It was published between 1909 and 1917 in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

History and profile

''Apollon'' was established by the literary critic S. K. Makovsky in 1909 and soon became a venue for the polemics that marked the decline of the symbolist movement in Russian

poetry Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in ...

. It was first a monthly supplement of the ''Literaturny Almanakh''. Then its frequency became ten times a year. The headquarters of the magazine was in

St Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

. In 1910, two seminal essays that appeared in ''Apollon'' --

Mikhail Kuzmin Mikhail Alekseevich Kuzmin () ( – March 1, 1936) was a Russian poet, musician and novelist, as well as a prominent contributor to the Silver Age of Russian Poetry. Biography Born into a noble family in Yaroslavl, Kuzmin grew up in St. Petersb ...

's ''On Beautiful Clarity'' (''O prekrasnoy yasnosti'') and

Nikolai Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev (also Gumilyov; , ; – August 26, 1921) was a Russian poet, literary critic, traveler, and military officer. He was a co-founder of the Acmeist movement. He was the husband of Anna Akhmatova and the father of Lev ...

's ''The Life of Verse'' (''Zhizn' stikha'') -- heralded the emergence of

Acmeist poetry Acmeism, or the Guild of Poets, was a modernist transient poetic school, which emerged or in 1912 in Russia under the leadership of Nikolay Gumilev and Sergei Gorodetsky. Their ideals were compactness of form and clarity of expression. The term w ...

. The magazine ceased publication in 1917.

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* 1909 establishments in the Russian Empire 1917 disestablishments in Russia Avant-garde magazines Defunct literary magazines published in Russia Magazines established in 1909 Magazines disestablished in 1917 Defunct magazines published in Saint Petersburg Defunct poetry magazines Defunct Russian-language magazines Russian poetry Russian symbolism Monthly magazines published in Russia Ten times annually magazines {{Russia-lit-mag-stub