The

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Aphaeninae is a group of

hemiptera Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising more than 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from ...

insect Insects (from Latin ') are Hexapoda, hexapod invertebrates of the class (biology), class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (Insect morphology#Head, head, ...

s, especially abundant and diverse in the

tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

, in the family

Fulgoridae The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. They are mostly of moderate to large size, many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due t ...

, or "lanternflies". The future of the Aphaeninae as a subfamily is unclear since the taxa assigned to it do not form a monophyletic group in recent molecular analyses. The tribe Enchophorini, previously placed here, has been raised to a subfamily.

Tribes and genera

Recent research has resulted in the reclassification of the former tribe Enchophorini to a separate subfamily (e.g. ), while the tribe Pyropsini is now included here (e.g.,).

Aphaenini

Auth.: Blanchard, 1847 and Distant, 1906 (distribution: worldwide tropics) * '' Anecphora'' Karsch, 1890 (equatorial Africa) * ''

Aphaena ''Aphaena'' is a genus of planthoppers in the sub-family Aphaeninae of Fulgoridae. Species are distributed from eastern India, Indo-China, China and Malesia. Species ''Fulgoromorpha Lists on the Web'' lists: ;subgenus ''Aphaena'' * ''Aphaena am ...

'' Guérin-Méneville, 1834 (type genus: Asia) * '' Calmar'' Kirkaldy, 1901 (Gambia) * '' Coelodictya'' Jacobi, 1910 (E. Africa) * '' Copidocephala'' Stål, 1869 (Central Americas) * '' Eddara'' Walker, 1858 (Sub-Saharan Africa) * '' Egregia'' Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010 (Malesia) * '' Holodictya'' Gerstaecker, 1895 (Equatorial Africa) * '' Hypselometopum'' Stål, 1853 (Sub-Saharan Africa) * ''

Kalidasa Kālidāsa (, "Servant of Kali"; 4th–5th century CE) was a Classical Sanskrit author who is often considered ancient India's greatest poet and playwright. His plays and poetry are primarily based on Hindu Puranas and philosophy. His surviv ...

'' Kirkaldy, 1900 (India, Indo-China) * ''

Lycorma ''Lycorma'' is a genus of planthoppers native to Asia. The first species within the genus was described by Frederick William Hope in 1843 and the genus was formally established by Carl Stål in 1863. ''L. delicatula'', known as the spotted lan ...

'' Stål, 1863 (Asia: incl. invasive sp.) * '' Malfeytia'' Schmidt, 1905 (Congo basin) * '' Metaphaena'' Schmidt, 1905 (Central Africa) * '' Novodictya'' Lallemand, 1928 (Congo basin) * ''

Omalocephala ''Omalocephala'' is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Fulgoridae The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. They are mostly o ...

'' Spinola, 1839 (Africa, S. India, Sri Lanka) * ''

Penthicodes ''Penthicodes'' is a genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Fulgoridae, subfamily Aphaeninae: found in South-East Asia. The genus name was formerly treated as feminine, but in 2022 it was revised to masculine in accordance with ICZN Th ...

'' Blanchard, 1845 (South-East Asia: esp. Indo-China & Malesia) ** Species in the "artificial, heterogenous genus" ''Aphaenina'' Metcalf, 1947 are now synonyms of ''Penthicodes'' spp. * '' Prolepta'' Walker, 1851 (Malesia) * ''

Scamandra ''Scamandra'' is a genus of planthoppers in the subfamily Aphaeninae (Fulgoridae): found in Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeo ...

'' Stål, 1863 (Malesia) * '' Ulasia'' Stål, 1863 (PNG)

Benamatapini

Auth.: Lallemand, 1959 (central Africa) # '' Benamatapa'' Distant, 1899

Limoisini

Auth.: Lallemand, 1963 (East Asian mainland, New Guinea, Australia) # '' Bloeteanella'' Lallemand, 1959 (New Guinea) # '' Erilla'' Distant, 1906 # ''

Limois ''Limois'' is a genus of Asian bugs in the subfamily Aphaeninae and tribe Limoisini, erected by Carl Stål in 1863. Species have been recorded from: West Himalayas ( Uttaranchal, Tibet), Bangladesh, China (including Taiwan and Liaoning, Manch ...

'' Stål, 1863 (Asia: esp. China) - type genus # '' Neolieftinckana'' Lallemand, 1963 (New Guinea) # '' Nisax'' Fennah, 1977 # '' Ombro'' Fennah, 1977 # '' Saramel'' Fennah, 1977 (New Guinea)

Pyropsini

Auth.: Haupt, 1929 (tropical Asia) (Synonym: Laternariini Distant, 1906 - unavailable, suppressed by ICZN ruling) # '' Datua'' Schmidt, 1911 # '' Hariola'' Stål, 1863 # ''

Pyrops ''Pyrops'' is a genus of planthoppers that occur primarily in southeast Asia, containing about 70 species. They are fairly large insects, with much of the length due to an elongated, upcurving, snout-like projection of the head. The wings are gen ...

'' Spinola, 1839 (previously ''Laternaria'', the genus may be ''

incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' by some authorities) # ''

Saiva ''Saiva'' is a genus of Asian planthoppers, family Fulgoridae. They are colourful insects, marked boldly in red, blue, white and black, with a prominent slender stalk like structure arising on the head that points upwards or forward. The know ...

'' Distant, 1906 Hariola tiarata head lateral.jpg, ''Hariola tiarata'' head lateral Pyrops coelestinus.jpg, ''

coelestinus'' Saiva_gemmata_FBI.jpg, ''

Saiva gemmata ''Saiva gemmata'' is the type species of the genus '' Saiva,'' which are lantern bugs found from the North-East of India to Indo-China (Thailand and Vietnam). No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is a ...

''
Incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''

# '' Bhaskaraena'' Constant, 2016 (Malesia) # '' Birdantis'' Stål, 1863 # '' Neoalcathous'' Wang & Huang, 1989 (China, Vietnam)

Genera formerly placed here

* ''Hellerides'' Lallemand, 1963 is a junior synonym of ''

Zophiuma ''Zophiuma''Fennah RG (1955) New and little-known Lophopidae and Issidae from Australasia (Homoptera : Fulgoroidea). ''Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London.'' 24(9-10): 165-173 70 is a genus of planthoppers in the tribe Acar ...

'' Fennah, 1955 in the

Lophopidae Lophopidae is a family of fulgoroidea, fulgoroid plant-hoppers with most species found in tropical South America and Asia (two genera occur in Africa). Characteristics Most members of the family are characterized by the face being longer than wi ...

. * '' Flatolystra'' Nast, 1950 (South America) now ''incertae sedis'' The following PNG/Australian genera were previously placed here, but are now in the

Poiocerinae The subfamily Poiocerinae include Hemipteran insects in the family Fulgoridae, found especially in the tropics. Tribes and genera The ''Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web'' (FLOW) includes four Tribe (biology), tribes: Diloburini Auth. Metcalf, ...

: tribe Poiocerini Haupt, 1929: * '' Desudaba'' Walker, 1858 (formerly in the tribe Aphaenini Schmidt, 1912) * '' Galela'' Distant, 1906 (formerly in the tribe Aphaenini Schmidt, 1912) * The type species of genus ''Apossoda'', ''A. togoensis'' Schmidt, 1911, is now placed in ''

Pyrgoteles Pyrgoteles () was one of the most celebrated Engraved gem, gem-engravers of ancient Greece, living in the latter half of the 4th century BC. The esteem in which he was held may be inferred from an edict of Alexander the Great, which placed him on ...

: P. togoensis'' (Schmidt, 1911)Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (retrieved 26 June 2018)
/ref>

References

External links

* *
FLOW: Aphaeninae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2858193 Hemiptera subfamilies