''Antrodiella'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the family
Steccherinaceae
The Steccherinaceae are a family of about 200 species of fungi in the order Polyporales. It includes crust-like, toothed, and poroid species that cause a white rot in dead wood.
Taxonomy
The family was circumscribed by Estonian mycologist Era ...
of the order
Polyporales
The Polyporales are an order (biology), order of about 1,800 species of fungi in the division (mycology), division Basidiomycota. The order includes some (but not all) polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics (mainly in the ge ...
.
Taxonomy
''Antrodiella'' was
circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle.
* Circum ...
by mycologists
Leif Ryvarden
Leif Randulff Ryvarden (born 9 August 1935) is a Norwegian mycologist.
Early life and education
Leif Ryvarden was born in Bergen as a son of Einar Norberg Johansen (1900–1959) and Hjørdis Randulff (1912–1975).
He finished his secondary ed ...
and I. Johansen in 1980. Of the seven original species it contained, only the
type
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* ...
, ''
Antrodiella semisupina
''Antrodiella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae of the order Polyporales.
Taxonomy
''Antrodiella'' was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by mycologists Leif Ryvarden and I. Johansen in 1980. Of the seven original s ...
'', remains in the genus;
most of the original species have since been transferred to ''
Flaviporus''.
''Antrodiella'' was traditionally placed in the family
Phanerochaetaceae
The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
Taxonomy
Phanerochaetaceae was first conceived by Swedish mycologist John Eriksson in 1958 as the subfamily Phanerochaetoideae of the Corticiaceae. It was later ...
until
molecular
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, ...
studies were used to determine a more appropriate classification in the Steccherinaceae.
The genus is a
wastebasket taxon
Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined by e ...
, containing "species that share common macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, but are not necessarily related".
Description
The
fruitbodies of ''Antrodiella'' fungi are either
crust-like to effused-reflexed (stretched out on the
substrate
Substrate may refer to:
Physical layers
*Substrate (biology), the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached
** Substrate (aquatic environment), the earthy material that exi ...
but with edges curled up to form
cap-like structures) in form. They have a waxy and soft fresh texture that becomes dense and hard, and often semitranslucent when dry. If it is present, the cap is narrow and light-coloured, smooth to scrupose (rough with very small hard points). The pore surface is light
ochraceous
Ochre ( ; , ), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the colou ...
to straw-coloured when dry, with small pores, and the tubes the same colour as the pore surface. The
context
In semiotics, linguistics, sociology and anthropology, context refers to those objects or entities which surround a ''focal event'', in these disciplines typically a communicative event, of some kind. Context is "a frame that surrounds the event ...
is white to pale straw-coloured.
''Antrodiella'' has a dimitic
hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
Structure
A hypha consists of one o ...
l system, containing both generative and skeletal hyphae. The generative hyphae have
clamps
Clamp may refer to:
Tools and devices
*Brick clamp, an early method of baking bricks
*Clamp (tool), a device or tool used to hold objects in a fixed relative position (many types listed)
**C-clamp
**C-clamp (stagecraft)
**Riser clamp, a device u ...
; the skeletal hyphae are typically narrow,
hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from , and .
Histopathology
Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellula ...
, and thick-walled to solid. Although they are usually unbranched, in rare cases they have a few scattered branches.
Cystidia
A cystidium (: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are o ...
can be absent or present from the
hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in oth ...
. ''Antrodiella''
spores
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plant ...
are small, rarely measuring above 5 μm in their longest dimension, and have a shape that is almost spherical,
ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional Scaling (geometry), scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation.
An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a Surface (mathemat ...
, or allantoid (sausage-shaped). They are thin-walled, hyaline, and
non-amyloid.
Species
A 2008 estimate placed about 50 species in ''Antrodiella''.
*''
Antrodiella angulatopora
''Rickiopora'' is a fungal genus of unknown familial placement in the order Polyporales. The genus is monotypic, containing the single neotropical species ''Rickiopora latemarginata''.
Taxonomy
''Rickiopora latemarginata'' was first character ...
''
Ryvarden (1987)
*''
Antrodiella brasiliensis
''Antrodiella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae of the order Polyporales.
Taxonomy
''Antrodiella'' was circumscribed by mycologists Leif Ryvarden and I. Johansen in 1980. Of the seven original species it contained, only th ...
''
Ryvarden & de Meijer (2002) – Brazil
*''
Antrodiella brunneimontana''
(Corner) T.Hatt. (2002)
*''
Antrodiella canadensis''
(Overh.) Niemelä (2005)
*''
Antrodiella chinensis''
H.S.Yuan (2013) – China
*''
Antrodiella cinnamomea''
Iturr. & Ryvarden (2010)
*''
Antrodiella citrea''
(Berk.) Ryvarden (1984)
*''
Antrodiella citripileata''
H.S.Yuan (2012) – China
*''
Antrodiella dentipora''
Ryvarden & Iturr. (2003) – Venezuela
*''
Antrodiella depauperata''
(Corner) T.Hatt. (2005)
*''
Antrodiella diffluens''
(Corner) T.Hatt. (2002)
*''
Antrodiella ellipsospora''
(Pilát) Niemelä & Miettinen (2006)
*''
Antrodiella faginea''
Vampola & Pouzar (1996) – Europe
*''
Antrodiella fissiliformis''
(Pilát) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1987)
*''
Antrodiella flava''
(Corner) T.Hatt. (2001)
*''
Antrodiella flavitubus''
(Corner) T.Hatt. (2002)
*''
Antrodiella foliaceodentata''
(Nikol.) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1993)
*''
Antrodiella formosana''
T.T.Chang & W.N.Chou (1998) – Taiwan
*''
Antrodiella fragrans''
(A.David & Tortič) A.David & Tortič (1986)
*''
Antrodiella genistae''
(Bourdot & Galzin) A.David (1990)
*''
Antrodiella globospora''
Núñez & Ryvarden (1999) – Japan
*''
Antrodiella ichnusana''
Bernicchia, Renvall & Arras (2005) – Europe
*''
Antrodiella incrustans''
(Cooke) Ryvarden (1984)
*''
Antrodiella indica''
G.Kaur, Avneet P.Singh & Dhingra (2015) – India
*''
Antrodiella induratus''
(Berk.) Ryvarden (1984)
*''
Antrodiella lactea''
H.S.Yuan (2013) – China
*''
Antrodiella leucoxantha''
(Bres.) Miettinen & Niemelä (2006)
*''
Antrodiella luteocontexta''
Ryvarden & de Meijer (2002) – Brazil
*''
Antrodiella mentschulensis''
(Pilát ex Pilát) Ryvarden (2014)
*''
Antrodiella micra''
Y.C.Dai (2004) – China
*''
Antrodiella mollis''
Gibertoni & Ryvarden (2004)
*''
Antrodiella multipileata''
Log.-Leite & J.E.Wright (1991) – South America
*''
Antrodiella murrillii''
(Lloyd) Ryvarden (1990)
*''
Antrodiella nanospora''
H.S.Yuan (2013) – China
*''
Antrodiella negligenda''
(Corner) T.Hatt. (2003)
*''
Antrodiella onychoides''
(Egeland) Niemelä (1982)
*''
Antrodiella pachycheiles''
(Ellis & Everh.) Miettinen & Niemelä (2006)
*''
Antrodiella pallasii
''Antrodiella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae of the order Polyporales.
Taxonomy
''Antrodiella'' was circumscribed by mycologists Leif Ryvarden and I. Johansen in 1980. Of the seven original species it contained, only th ...
''
Renvall, Johann. & Stenlid (2000)
*''
Antrodiella pallescens''
(Pilát) Niemelä & Miettinen (2006)
*''
Antrodiella parasitica''
Vampola (1991) – Europe
*''
Antrodiella pendulina''
H.S.Yuan (2012)
*''
Antrodiella perennis
''Antrodiella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae of the order Polyporales.
Taxonomy
''Antrodiella'' was circumscribed by mycologists Leif Ryvarden and I. Johansen in 1980. Of the seven original species it contained, only th ...
''
B.K.Cui & Y.C.Dai (2009) – China
*''
Antrodiella pirumspora''
Rivoire & Gannaz (2012)
*''
Antrodiella rata''
(G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1988)
*''
Antrodiella reflexa
''Antrodiella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae of the order Polyporales.
Taxonomy
''Antrodiella'' was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by mycologists Leif Ryvarden and I. Johansen in 1980. Of the seven original s ...
''
Ryvarden & Núñez (1999) – Panama
*''
Antrodiella romellii''
(Donk) Niemelä (1982)
*''
Antrodiella semistipitata''
Bernicchia & Ryvarden (2007) – Italy
*''
Antrodiella semisupina
''Antrodiella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae of the order Polyporales.
Taxonomy
''Antrodiella'' was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by mycologists Leif Ryvarden and I. Johansen in 1980. Of the seven original s ...
''
(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Ryvarden (1980)
*''
Antrodiella serpula''
(P.Karst.) Spirin & Niemelä (2006)
*''
Antrodiella stipitata''
H.S.Yuan & Y.C.Dai (2006) – northeast China
*''
Antrodiella subcrassa''
(Rodway & Cleland) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1993)
*''
Antrodiella subligativa''
(Corner) T.Hatt. & Sotome (2013)
*''
Antrodiella subradula''
(Pilát) Niemelä & Miettinen (2006)
*''
Antrodiella thompsonii''
Vampola & Pouzar (1996) – Europe
*''
Antrodiella tuberculata''
Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001) – Mexico
*''
Antrodiella ussurii''
Y.C.Dai & Niemelä (1997) – East Asia
*''
Antrodiella versicutis''
(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1986)
*''
Antrodiella xanthochroa''
(Corner) T.Hatt. (2003)
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q387828
Polyporales genera
Steccherinaceae
Taxa named by Leif Ryvarden
Taxa described in 1980