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Prince Antasari, (; 1809 – 11 October 1862) titled Khalifatul Mukminin () was 20th
Sultan of Banjar The following is a list of the rulers of Banjar, which is a list of figures who have led Banjar people and the whole of South Kalimantan, both traditionally and officially. This list is compiled based on a comparison of the timeline between each tr ...
who ruled in 1862, and is one of the important figures in the
Banjarmasin War The Banjarmasin War (also known as Bandjermasin War; , , or formally ''Expeditie naar de Zuider- en Oosterafdeling van Borneo'') (1859–1863) was a war of succession in the Sultanate of Banjarmasin, as well as a colonial war for the restora ...
. In 1968, he was posthumously named a
National Hero of Indonesia National Hero of Indonesia () is the highest-level Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia, title awarded in Indonesia. It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual de ...
.


Biography

Antasari was born in 1809. He was son of Prince Mashud and grandson of Prince Amir. He was a prince from a line of the royal family whose power had been usurped in the 18th century. Antasari was concerned about the coronation of Sultan Tamjid (or Tamjidillah), instead of Prince Hidayat (or Hidayatullah), as the replacement to Sultan Adam in Banjar in 1859; Tamjidillah's coronation was backed by the Dutch colonials, who were looking to sow unrest and discord to make their attempts to take over
Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...
easier. As Antasari wanted to repel the Dutch, he cooperated with the leaders of Martapura, Kapuas, Pelaihari, Barito, and Kahayan. He was also aided by Hidayatullah and Demang Leman. On 18 April 1859, the
Banjarmasin War The Banjarmasin War (also known as Bandjermasin War; , , or formally ''Expeditie naar de Zuider- en Oosterafdeling van Borneo'') (1859–1863) was a war of succession in the Sultanate of Banjarmasin, as well as a colonial war for the restora ...
broke out between Antasari's alliance, which was able to field some 6,000 armed men, and the Dutch. The war took place mainly in
South South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both west and east. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþa ...
and
Central Kalimantan Central Kalimantan () is a provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. It is the largest province in Indonesia by area since 2022, bordered by West Kalimantan to the west ...
. Antasari's forces attacked the Dutch in Gunung Jabuk and also the Dutch coal mines in Pengaron. Meanwhile, his allies attacked other Dutch posts. They also attacked Dutch ships, killing Lieutenants Van der Velde and Bangert when they sank the ship ''Onrust'' in December 1859. Antasari rejected Dutch attempts to negotiate an end to the war, in which they offered him wealth and power in exchange for his surrender. In early August 1860, Antasari's forces were in Ringkau Katan. They were defeated in a battle on 9 August, after Dutch reinforcements had arrived from Amuntai. Hidayatullah was exiled to
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
, but Antasari, who succeeded him as Sultan, together with Prince Miradipa and Tumenggung Mancanegara, defended Tundakan fort on 24 September 1861. He also defended a fort in Mount Tongka on 8 November 1861 with Gusti Umar and Tumenggung Surapati. In October 1862, Antasari was planning a big attack. However, an outbreak of
smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus '' Orthopoxvirus''. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (W ...
led to his death on 11 October 1862. He was buried in
Banjarmasin Banjarmasin is the largest city in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was the capital of the province until 15 February 2022. The city is located on a delta island near the junction of the Barito and Martapura rivers. Historically the centre of t ...
; and several other resistance leaders, from different periods, were later buried there; the place was later named the Antasari Heroes' Cemetery. After Antasari's death, his son, Muhammad Seman, continued his struggle against the Dutch. The resistance ended with Seman's death in 1905. His son pangeran Hijrah has 10 granddaughters with his daughters, and has 20 great-granddaughters with his granddaughter.


Legacy

Antasari was given the title 'Panembahan Amiruddin Khaliful Mukmin' on 14 March 1862 by his people, which made him a religious leader for his people. He was declared a
National Hero of Indonesia National Hero of Indonesia () is the highest-level Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia, title awarded in Indonesia. It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual de ...
in 1968 by President
Suharto Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian Officer (armed forces), military officer and politician, and dictator, who was the second and longest serving president of Indonesia, serving from 1967 to 1998. His 32 years rule, cha ...
through presidential decree No. 06/TK/1968. In the mid-1990s a documentary on Antasari's life was made. Antasari is featured on the obverse of the 2009 series 2,000
rupiah The rupiah (Currency symbol, symbol: Rp; ISO 4217, currency code: IDR) is the official currency of Indonesia, issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. Its name is derived from the Sanskrit word for silver, (). Sometimes, Indonesians also inform ...
bill, which shows traditional Bornean dancers on the reverse.


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Antasari, Prince 1797 births 1862 deaths Sultans of Banjar 19th-century Indonesian people National Heroes of Indonesia Deaths from smallpox Revolutionaries 19th-century Dutch East Indies people Sultanate of Banjar