Anikey Fyodorovich Stroganov (also spelled Anika or Aniky; ;

Christian name A Christian name, sometimes referred to as a baptismal name, is a religious personal name given on the occasion of a Christian baptism, though now most often given by parents at birth. In English-speaking cultures, a person's Christian name ...

: ''Joasaphus'' (Иоасаф); 1488–1570) was a Russian explorer, merchant and monk. He was an early

progenitor In genealogy, a progenitor (rarer: primogenitor; or ''Ahnherr'') is the founder (sometimes one that is legendary) of a family, line of descent, gens, clan, tribe, noble house, or ethnic group.. Ebenda''Ahnherr:''"Stammvater eines Geschlec ...

of the

Stroganov family The Stroganov family (Russian: Стро́гановы, Стро́гоновы; French: Stroganoff) emerged as a preeminent Russian noble family renowned for their roles as merchants, industrialists, landowners, and statesmen. By the reign of Iva ...

, whose members were prominent Russian merchants, industrialists, landowners, noblemen, and statesmen through to the early 20th century.

Biography

Anikey Stroganov was the youngest of the four sons of Fyodor Lukich Stroganov. He was born in

Novgorod Veliky Novgorod ( ; , ; ), also known simply as Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the V ...

, but soon after his birth, the Stroganovs migrated to

Solvychegodsk Solvychegodsk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Kotlassky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right-hand bank of the Vychegda, Vychegda River, about northeast of Kotlas, the administrative center of the ...

. After the deaths of his brothers Stefan, Iosif and Vladimir, his father became a monk. All the family wealth, included several large estates and

saltworks A saltern is an area or installation for making salt. Salterns include modern salt-making works (saltworks), as well as hypersaline waters that usually contain high concentrations of halophilic microorganisms, primarily haloarchaea but also oth ...

, were passed to Anikey. Anikey improved and expanded his salt business and when his sons , and

Semyon Simeon () is a given name, from the Hebrew (Biblical ''Šimʿon'', Tiberian ''Šimʿôn''), usually transliterated in English as Shimon. In Greek, it is written Συμεών, hence the Latinized spelling Symeon. It is a cognate of the name Simo ...

became adults, Anikey founded new salterns in the Kolskaya Guba and Perm. In the beginning of the reign of

Tsar Tsar (; also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar''; ; ; sr-Cyrl-Latn, цар, car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word '' caesar'', which was intended to mean ''emperor'' in the Euro ...

Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV Vasilyevich (; – ), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible,; ; monastic name: Jonah. was Grand Prince of Moscow, Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547, and the first Tsar of all Russia, Tsar and Grand Prince of all R ...

, Stroganov received the right to control the trade rules prescribed for English merchants, traveling from

Arkhangelsk Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

. These rights were confirmed in documents signed in 1552, 1555 and 1560. Stroganov performed also other duties for the tsar, like collecting taxes from the '' obrok'' in Solvychegodsk. Stroganov established trade routes with the indigenous tribes of Siberia. On 4 April 1558, Ivan the Terrible granted Grigory and his successors large estates along the

Kama ''Kama'' (Sanskrit: काम, ) is the concept of pleasure, enjoyment and desire in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. It can also refer to "desire, wish, longing" in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh literature.Monier Williamsका� ...

and Chusovaya rivers, including tax income and other privileges for 20 years. Stroganov organized migration there and founded several settlements. On 16 August 1566, Anikey Stroganov received a new privilege; at his own request their lands were included in the ''

oprichnina The oprichnina (, ; ) was a state policy implemented by Tsar Ivan the Terrible in Russia between 1565 and 1572. The policy included mass repression of the boyars (Russian aristocrats), including public executions and confiscation of their land ...

''. Seizing lands from the local population by conquest and colonizing them with incoming Russian peasants, the Stroganovs developed farming, hunting, saltworks, fishing, and ore mining in these areas. They built towns and

fortress A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from L ...

es and, at the same time, suppressed local unrest with the help of their

druzhina A druzhina is the Slavonic word for a retinue in service of a chieftain, also called a ''knyaz'' (prince). Kievan Rus' ''Druzhina'' was flexible both as a term and as an institution. At its core, it referred to the prince's permanent perso ...

s and annexed new lands in the

Urals The Ural Mountains ( ),; , ; , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north–south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural (river), Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan.

and Siberia in favor of Russia. Anikey Stroganov was married two times. His first wife, Mavra, died in 1544. After the death of the second wife in 1567, Stroganov moved in with his youngest son Semyon. He had three children with his first wife and twelve with his second wife. Like his father, Anikey soon became a monk, going by the name Joasaphus (). He died in 1570 at the age of 80 years and 10 months.

References

Bibliography

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Stroganov, Anikey 1488 births 1570 deaths Anikey 16th-century Russian businesspeople Explorers from the Tsardom of Russia Russian monks