Angle Shades

The angle shades (''Phlogophora meticulosa'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. It is distributed throughout Europe as far east as the Urals and also in the Azores, in Algeria, and in Asia Minor, Armenia, and Syria. It is strongly migratory.

Description

This species has a wingspan of 45–52 mm and the forewings are very distinctively shaped with a sharply pointed apex. The common name is derived from the characteristic markings on the forewings: the base colour is buffish, brown towards the , and is marked with a bold V-shaped pink-and-green marking. Despite this bright colouring, the angular markings provide excellent disruptive patterning camouflage. The hindwings are whitish with darker venation.

Technical description and variation

This moth has a wingspan of 45–52 mm. Forewing whitish ochreous, the base and costal area extensively pinkish; a triangular space on inner margin before the inner line, the terminal area beyond submarginal line, and a costal shade beyond outer line olive greenish; central area dark green, pinkish towards costa, triangular in shape, the blunt apex resting on inner margin; the three stigmata more or less rosy green, the two upper with pale lateral edges; outer line double and angled outwards on vein 5; submarginal line preceded by a blackish-green lunule between veins 6 and 7; fringe rufous green, blackish along the excision below vein 4; hindwing pale ochreous, with the discal spot, veins, and often the whole inner half tinged with greenish fuscous; dark outer and double submarginal lines, the latter often forming a grey band below vein 4; ab. ''roseobrunnea'' ab. nov arrenfrom São Jorge Island in the Azores, has the central triangle rich red brown tinged with fulvous, the whole wing reddish tinged, and the green shades all strongly mixed with reddish, the metathorax and dorsal tufts also being deep fulvous instead of green.

Biology

This species flies mainly at night and is attracted to light and sugar. It may often be seen during the day at rest on fences and garden foliage.

The larva is dull green or pinkish brown, thickly dotted with pale; dorsal line whitish, interrupted;
lateral lines narrowly whitish; segments 4–11 with oblique darker lateral stripes. The larva is green or brown with reddish spots along the sides and faint dark chevrons along the back. It feeds on a wide variety of plants (see list below). This species overwinters as a larva.

There is a similar related moth called the small angle shades, ''Euplexia lucipara''.

File:Phlogophora meticulosa 14-12-2005 18-31-02.JPG, Green and brown larvae
File:Phlogophora.meticulosa.6964.jpg, Caterpillar
File:Phlogophora.meticulosa.pupa.6970.jpg, Pupa
File:Phlogophora meticulosa-02 (xndr).jpg, Close-up of imago
File:Phlogophora meticulosa-03 (xndr).jpg
File:Phlogophora meticulosa 1-3-2006 14-39-16.JPG, Moth
File:Phlogophora meticulosa 20-1-2006 17-10-57.JPG, Caterpillar (brown variant) on '' Aeonium''
File:Phlogophora meticulosa 23-12-2005 13-23-36.JPG, Caterpillar (green variant) on ''Aeonium''

Recorded food plants

*'' Aeonium''
*'' Anemone''
*''Apium'' – celery
*''Basil''
*''Beta'' – beet
*''Betula'' – birch
*''Brassica''
*''Broccoli''
*''Centranthus'' – red valerian
*''Chrysanthemum''
*''Cynara'' – globe artichoke
*''Dahlia''
*''Fragaria'' – strawberry
*''Geranium''
*''Hedera'' – ivy
*''Helianthus'' – sunflower
*'' Humulus'' – hop
*'' Lactuca'' – lettuce
*''Lamium'' – deadnettle
*''Malus'' – apple
*''Nicotiana'' – tobacco
*''Ocimum basilicum'' - basil
*''Pelargonium''
*''Prunus''
*''Pyrus'' – pear
*''Quercus'' – oak
*''Rubus'' – bramble
*''Rumex'' – dock
*''Senecio''
*''Solanum''
*''Spinacia'' – spinach
*''Stellaria''
*''Urtica'' – nettle
*'' Vicia''
*''Vitis'' – grape
*''Mentha'' - mint

See Robinson, G. S. et al.

References

* Chinery, Michael ''Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe'', 1986 (Reprinted 1991)
* Skinner, Bernard ''Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles'', 1984

External links

*
* Taxonomy
''Lepiforum e.V.''

{{Taxonbar , from=Q768921

Noctuinae
Moths described in 1758
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Iceland
Moths of the Middle East
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus