The Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU or ''Muslims Unity Movement'') was an informal Malaysian

political coalition A parliamentary group, parliamentary caucus or political group is a group consisting of members of different political parties or independent politicians with similar ideologies. Some parliamentary systems allow smaller political parties, who a ...

. The now defunct political coalition was formed by

Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah Tengku Razaleigh bin Tengku Mohd Hamzah (Jawi alphabet, Jawi: تڠکو غزالي بن تڠکو محمد حمزة; born 13 April 1937) is a Malaysian people, Malaysian politician who served as the Dewan Rakyat, Member of Parliament (MP) for Gu ...

's formation of

Parti Melayu Semangat 46 The Parti Melayu Semangat 46 or ''Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46)'' was a Malaysian political party. The party was formed in 1988, and dissolved in 1996. It was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's "Team B" faction of the United Malays National Or ...

(S46 or Semangat 46) after leaving

United Malays National Organisation The United Malays National Organisation (Abbreviation, abbrev: UMNO; , PEKEMBAR) is a Conservatism, conservative, Nationalism, Malay nationalist political party in Malaysia. As the oldest national political party in the country (since its ince ...

(UMNO) that was declared illegal. jointly with

Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party, also known as the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party ( Malay: ''Parti Islam Se-Malaysia''; abbrev: PAS), is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. Ideologically focused on Islamic fundamentalism and Malay dominanc ...

(PAS), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) and Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA) before 9th Malaysian General Election in 1990. KIMMA left the coalition before the 10th Malaysian General Election. APU along with the Gagasan Rakyat opposition coalitions led by

after failures in the

1990 Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South ...

and

1995 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...

general elections. After the 1995 election, relationship between PAS and Semangat 46 detotriated due to lack of respect of PAS towards Semangat 46 and differing views on Kelantan state leadership. On 5 May 1996, Razaleigh announced the union no longer exist and were subsequently formally disbanded in October after Razaleigh decided to dissolve Semangat 46 to return and rejoin back UMNO.

Component parties

* Spirit of 46 Malay Party (Parti Melayu Semangat 46, S46) * Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia, BERJASA) * Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia, HAMIM) * Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (Kongres India Muslim Malaysia, KIMMA)

List of leaders

Chairmen

Elected representatives

* Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 8th Malaysian Parliament * Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1990–95) * Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 9th Malaysian Parliament * Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1995–99)

General election results

State election results

References

Defunct political party alliances in Malaysia 1990 establishments in Malaysia Political parties established in 1990 1996 disestablishments in Malaysia Political parties disestablished in 1996 {{Malaysia-party-stub