Andrew Michael Holness, (born 22 July 1972) is a Jamaican politician who has served as
Prime Minister of Jamaica since 3 March 2016, having previously served from 2011 to 2012, and as Leader of the
Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) since 2011.
Holness previously served as Prime Minister from 23 October 2011 to 5 January 2012. He succeeded
Bruce Golding as Prime Minister and decided to go to the polls in the
29 December 2011 general election in an attempt to get his own mandate from the Jamaican electorate. He failed in that bid, however, losing to the
People's National Party
The People's National Party (PNP) (PNP; ) is a Social democracy, social democratic List of political parties in Jamaica, political party in Jamaica, founded in 1938 by Norman Manley, Norman Washington Manley who served as party president unti ...
led by
Portia Simpson-Miller, with the PNP gaining 42 seats to the JLP's 21. Following that defeat, Holness served as
Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the Opposition (parliamentary), largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the ...
from January 2012 to March 2016, when he once again assumed the position of prime minister. In 2020, the Labour Party won a landslide in another general election, and on 7 September Holness was sworn in for another term as Prime Minister.
In October 2011, at the age of 39, Holness became the youngest person ever to be Prime Minister in Jamaica's history. In March 2016, aged 43, he became the youngest to ever be elected Prime Minister. He is also the first prime minister to have been born after
Jamaica gained independence in 1962. He is currently the longest-serving prime minister from the Jamaica Labour Party.
Early life and education
In 1997, Holness described his father as "a thinker and an academic socialist" and his mother as "pragmatic and frugal."
He grew up in Ensom City,
Spanish Town
Spanish Town (Jamaican Patois: Spain) is the capital and the largest town in the Parishes of Jamaica, parish of St. Catherine, Jamaica, St. Catherine in the historic county of Middlesex, Jamaica, Middlesex, Jamaica. It was the Spanish and Briti ...
, and attended
St. Catherine High School. At school, he was a noted debater and became
head boy
The two Senior Prefects, individually called Head Boy (for the male), and Head Girl (for the female) are students who carry leadership roles and are responsible for representing the school's entire student body. Although mostly out of use, in some ...
and
valedictorian
Valedictorian is an academic title for the class rank, highest-performing student of a graduation, graduating class of an academic institution in the United States.
The valedictorian is generally determined by an academic institution's grade poin ...
. After graduating, he taught at the school for a year, and at the age of 19 he began his undergraduate studies at the
University of the West Indies, Mona, and later graduated with a
Bachelor of Science
A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, B.S., B.Sc., SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree that is awarded for programs that generally last three to five years.
The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Scienc ...
degree in
Management Studies
Management (or managing) is the administration of organizations, whether businesses, nonprofit organizations, or a government bodies through business administration, nonprofit management, or the political science sub-field of public administr ...
.
After completing his degree, Holness worked as executive director of the Voluntary Organization for Uplifting Children (VOUCH) from 1994 to 1996. It was there that he met
Edward Seaga, at that time the leader of the
Jamaica Labour Party (JLP). During his time at VOUCH, Holness completed a
Master of Science (MSc) degree in
Development Studies
Development studies is an interdisciplinary branch of social science. Development studies is offered as a specialized master's degree in a number of reputed universities around the world. It has grown in popularity as a subject of study since the ...
at the University of the West Indies.
Holness joined the Premium Group of Companies, led by Seaga, and worked as his special assistant and financial manager.
In 2024, Holness completed a
Doctor of Law and Policy degree at
Northeastern University
Northeastern University (NU or NEU) is a private university, private research university with its main campus in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded by the Boston Young Men's Christian Association in 1898 as an all-male instit ...
in
Boston
Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
,
Massachusetts
Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...
, a type of
professional doctorate. His thesis focused on the impact of American gun laws on violence in Jamaican society.
Political career
Holness joined the
Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) in 1992, and became actively involved from 1993, while a student at the University of the West Indies. Holness was first elected to the Jamaican parliament in the
1997 general election as the member of parliament for
Saint Andrew West Central, representing the JLP.
The election in the constituency was, principally, between Holness and Warren Blake, representing the
People's National Party
The People's National Party (PNP) (PNP; ) is a Social democracy, social democratic List of political parties in Jamaica, political party in Jamaica, founded in 1938 by Norman Manley, Norman Washington Manley who served as party president unti ...
(PNP). The initial result was very close, although by the end Holness was declared the victor. The PNP lodged allegations of tampering with the Constituted Authority, part of the electoral regulation system in Jamaica.
Holness was sworn in as member of parliament on 24 February 1998, delayed by a magisterial recount. On 5 March 1998, he lost the seat, as the Election Court had ordered a re-election. In April, Blake won the re-election, but due to irregularities in a group of four polling stations at Taylor Basic School, the JLP lodged allegations with the Constituted Authority, who agreed to run a re-election in those polling stations. In the ensuing re-election, Holness won, and he was sworn in a second time as MP in July 1998.
After his election,
Morris Cargill commented: "I am glad that Andrew Holness won, not out of any narrow political bias, but because it would be good for the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) to have a new young man in its ranks." Shortly after entering the house, Holness was appointed as the opposition spokesperson on land, development, and housing, and he became a member of the economy and production and infrastructure and physical development committees.
In 1997, he became a Member of Parliament for West Central St. Andrew and served as Opposition Spokesperson on Land and Development from 1999 to 2002. In 2002, he switched portfolio to Housing and then Education in 2005.
Minister of Education
Holness became Minister of Education in the cabinet of
Bruce Golding in 2007.
Prime Minister of Jamaica
He succeeded
Bruce Golding as both leader of the JLP and prime minister on 23 October 2011, making him the ninth person to hold the office. As prime minister, he chose to retain the education portfolio. In February 2023, a commission cleared him of corruption allegations of which he was accused.
2011 elections
On 5 December 2011, Holness called an election set for 29 December 2011. The JLP campaigned in its strongholds, and Holness highlighted the accomplishments during the four years of JLP government, such as economic growth and crime reduction, which the JLP said the PNP failed to do during its own eighteen years' rule of the country.
The JLP, however, lost the election to the PNP, which gained a large majority of 42 to the JLP's 21 parliamentary seats.
Portia Simpson-Miller and the PNP returned to power. The voter turnout was 53.17%.
2016 elections and re-appointment as Prime Minister
On 25 February 2016, the JLP won the
2016 election winning 32 seats compared to 31 seats for the incumbent PNP. His wife Juliet also won a seat in parliament, the first time a prime minister or opposition leader and their spouse sat simultaneously in the
Parliament of Jamaica
The Parliament of Jamaica () is the legislature, legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. Officially, they are known as the Houses of Parliament. It consists of three elements: The Monarchy of Jamaica, Crown (represented by the Govern ...
. As a result, Simpson-Miller became Opposition Leader for a second time. The voter turnout dipped below 50% for the first time, registering just 48.37%.
2020 elections
On 3 September 2020, Holness led the JLP to a second consecutive general election victory, but this time by a much larger margin. The JLP won 49 seats, as compared to the 14 seats for the PNP. However, the turnout was just 37%, probably affected by the coronavirus pandemic. With this victory, he became the youngest person in Jamaica's history to be elected twice. He was sworn in for another term on 7 September 2020.
Republicanism
During the
Duke
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of Royal family, royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobi ...
and
Duchess of Cambridge
Duke of Cambridge is a hereditary title of nobility in the British royal family, one of several royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom. The title is named after the city of Cambridge in England. It is heritable by male descendants by primogeni ...
's tour of Jamaica in March 2022, on behalf of the
Jamaican monarch, Queen
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...
, and as part of
the celebrations of the 70th anniversary of her accession, Holness told the royal couple that their nation was "moving on and we intend to attain in short order our development goals and fulfil our true ambitions as an independent, developed, prosperous country".
Personal life
In 1997 he married
Juliet Holness
Juliet Holness (née Landell; born July 16, 1971) is a Jamaican politician who is the current List of speakers of the House of Representatives of Jamaica, Speaker of the House of Representatives and Member for Saint Andrew East Rural (Jamaica Parl ...
(''née'' Landell), an accountant, whom he had met as a student at St. Catherine High School during the 1980s.
The couple have two children, Adam and Matthew.
He is a member of the
Seventh-day Adventist Church
The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sa ...
.
Honours
National honours
*:
**

Member of the
Order of the Nation
Foreign honours
*:
** Grand Cross with Gold Breast Star of the
Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella
The Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella (''Orden al Mérito de Duarte, Sánchez y Mella'') is the principal order of the Dominican Republic. It was established on 24 February 1931 as the ''Juan Pablo Duarte Order of Merit'' (''Orden al M ...
*:
** 26 May 2021:
Member of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (PC)
See also
*
Cabinet of Jamaica
References
External links
ProfileJuliet joins husband Andrew in Parliament
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Holness, Andrew
1972 births
Living people
University of the West Indies alumni
Education ministers of Jamaica
Government ministers of Jamaica
Jamaica Labour Party politicians
Jamaican Seventh-day Adventists
Recipients of the Order of the Nation
Jamaican members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Members of the House of Representatives of Jamaica
People from Spanish Town
Prime ministers of Jamaica
Jamaican republicans
Members of the 14th Parliament of Jamaica