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''Ananda Shankar'' is the debut album by the Indian musician
Ananda Shankar Ananda Shankar (11 December 1942 – 26 March 1999) was an Indian sitar player, singer, and composer whose music blended Western and Eastern musical styles. He was married to dancer and choreographer Tanusree Shankar. Life Born in Almora ...
, the son of dancer and choreographer
Uday Shankar Uday Shankar (born Uday Shankar Choudhary; 8 December 1900 – 26 September 1977) was an Indian dancer and choreographer, best known for creating a fusion style of dance, adapting European theatrical techniques to Indian classical dance, imbu ...
and the nephew of the Indian classical musician
Ravi Shankar Ravi Shankar (; born Robindro Shaunkor Chowdhury, sometimes spelled as Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury; 7 April 1920 – 11 December 2012) was an Indian sitar, sitarist and composer. A sitar virtuoso, he became the world's best-known expert of Hin ...
. It was released in 1970 on the
Reprise In music, a reprise ( , ; from the verb 'to resume') is the repetition or reiteration of the opening material later in a composition as occurs in the recapitulation of sonata form, though—originally in the 18th century—was simply any re ...
record label. The album fuses Indian music with Western rock and
electronic music Electronic music broadly is a group of music genres that employ electronic musical instruments, circuitry-based music technology and software, or general-purpose electronics (such as personal computers) in its creation. It includes both music ...
, and was among the first works in the rock genre by an Indian musician. Consisting mainly of instrumental recordings featuring
sitar The sitar ( or ; ) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau K ...
and
Moog synthesizer The Moog synthesizer ( ) is a modular synthesizer invented by the American engineer Robert Moog in 1964. Moog's company, R. A. Moog Co., produced numerous models from 1965 to 1981, and again from 2014. It was the first commercial synthesizer ...
, it includes a cover version of
the Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English Rock music, rock band formed in London in 1962. Active for over six decades, they are one of the most popular, influential, and enduring bands of the Album era, rock era. In the early 1960s, the band pione ...
' 1968 hit song "
Jumpin' Jack Flash "Jumpin' Jack Flash" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released as a non-album single in 1968. Called "supernatural Delta blues by way of Swinging London" by ''Rolling Stone'' magazine, the song was seen as the band's retu ...
" and a thirteen-minute Indian-style piece titled "Sagar (The Ocean)". ''Ananda Shankar'' followed a series of sitar-based releases by artists hoping to capitalise on the mid-1960s
raga rock Raga rock is Rock music, rock or pop music with a pronounced Music of India, Indian influence, either in its construction, its timbre, or its use of Indian musical instruments, such as the sitar, tanpura, tambura, and tabla. The term "raga" ...
trend. Initially conceived as a collaboration with guitarist
Jimi Hendrix James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942September 18, 1970) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential guitarists of all time. Inducted ...
, it was instead recorded in Los Angeles by Shankar with contributors such as synthesizer exponent Paul Lewinson. In the decades since the LP's release, "Jumpin' Jack Flash" became a popular club hit, while the album has been recognised for its influence on
world music "World music" is an English phrase for styles of music from non-English speaking countries, including quasi-traditional, Cross-cultural communication, intercultural, and traditional music. World music's broad nature and elasticity as a musical ...
fusion, particularly the East–West styles developed in the UK. It is one of the albums featured in Robert Dimery's book ''
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die ''1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die'' is a musical reference book first published in 2005 by Universe Publishing. Part of the ''1001 Before You Die'' series, it compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of music criti ...
''.


Background

The son of
Indian dance Dance in India comprises numerous styles of dances, generally classified as classical or folk. As with other aspects of Indian culture, different forms of dances originated in different parts of India, developed according to the local tradition ...
pioneer
Uday Shankar Uday Shankar (born Uday Shankar Choudhary; 8 December 1900 – 26 September 1977) was an Indian dancer and choreographer, best known for creating a fusion style of dance, adapting European theatrical techniques to Indian classical dance, imbu ...
,
Ananda Shankar Ananda Shankar (11 December 1942 – 26 March 1999) was an Indian sitar player, singer, and composer whose music blended Western and Eastern musical styles. He was married to dancer and choreographer Tanusree Shankar. Life Born in Almora ...
left Bombay in the late 1960s for California, where his uncle, Indian classical musician and composer
Ravi Shankar Ravi Shankar (; born Robindro Shaunkor Chowdhury, sometimes spelled as Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury; 7 April 1920 – 11 December 2012) was an Indian sitar, sitarist and composer. A sitar virtuoso, he became the world's best-known expert of Hin ...
, had been based since 1967. Ananda spent time in San Francisco before settling in Los Angeles, where he became immersed in the
psychedelic music Psychedelic music (sometimes called psychedelia) is a wide range of popular music styles and genres influenced by 1960s psychedelia, a subculture of people who used psychedelic drugs such as Dmt, DMT, Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, mescaline, ...
scene. A trained
sitar The sitar ( or ; ) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau K ...
ist, he began playing with rock guitarist
Jimi Hendrix James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942September 18, 1970) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential guitarists of all time. Inducted ...
, who suggested that they record an album together in 1968. According to Shankar, he thought about it for three days but declined Hendrix's offer, reasoning that "it wouldn't be my music. So I made the album alone." Shankar envisioned a musical form that blended Indian classical music with Western
rock Rock most often refers to: * Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids * Rock music, a genre of popular music Rock or Rocks may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wale ...
and
electronic Electronic may refer to: *Electronics, the science of how to control electric energy in semiconductors * ''Electronics'' (magazine), a defunct American trade journal *Electronic storage, the storage of data using an electronic device *Electronic c ...
styles. Although fusing rock or pop with Indian influences was common among Western artists during the psychedelic era, particularly after
the Beatles The Beatles were an English Rock music, rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. The core lineup of the band comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are widely regarded as the Cultural impact of the Beatle ...
had included sitar on their 1965 song " Norwegian Wood", Shankar was among the first Indian musicians to attempt it. The album was produced by
Alex Hassilev Alex Hassilev (July 11, 1932 – April 21, 2024) was an American folk musician who was one of the founding members of the group The Limeliters. Educated at Harvard and the University of Chicago, he was also an actor with a number of film and te ...
, who secured the support of
Reprise Records Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels. Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, En ...
. Hassilev said he was interested in the potential of a project that combined sitar,
Moog synthesizer The Moog synthesizer ( ) is a modular synthesizer invented by the American engineer Robert Moog in 1964. Moog's company, R. A. Moog Co., produced numerous models from 1965 to 1981, and again from 2014. It was the first commercial synthesizer ...
and percussion, having produced the 1967 album '' The Zodiac: Cosmic Sounds'', which was one of the first to feature a Moog. Shankar's main collaborator was Paul Lewinson, a keyboard player who had mastered the Moog system set up at Hassilev's home.


Recording

Recording for ''Ananda Shankar'' took place in the basement studio at Hassilev's house, on West Knoll Drive in
Hollywood Hollywood usually refers to: * Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California * Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States Hollywood may also refer to: Places United States * Hollywood District (disambiguation) * Hollywood ...
. The engineer and co-producer was James Lowe, formerly the vocalist of the
psychedelic rock Psychedelic rock is a rock music Music genre, genre that is inspired, influenced, or representative of psychedelia, psychedelic culture, which is centered on perception-altering hallucinogenic drugs. The music incorporated new electronic sound ...
band
the Electric Prunes The Electric Prunes are an American psychedelic rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1965. Much of the band's music was, as music historian Richie Unterberger described it, possessed of "an eerie and sometimes anguished ambiance." T ...
. Aside from Pranish Khan on
tabla A ''tabla'' is a pair of hand drums from the Indian subcontinent. Since the 18th century, it has been the principal percussion instrument in Hindustani classical music, where it may be played solo, as an accompaniment with other instruments a ...
, all the contributors were Western musicians playing rock instrumentation; Lowe termed them "our own ' wrecking crew'". Among the participants were
Jerry Scheff Jerry Obern Scheff (born January 31, 1941) is an American bassist, best known for his work with Elvis Presley from 1969 to 1977 as a member of his TCB Band and on the Doors' '' L.A. Woman''. Biography Scheff grew up in Vallejo, California. After ...
, the bassist in
Elvis Presley Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer and actor. Referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as Cultural impact of Elvis Presley, one of the most significant cultural figures of the ...
's touring band, and drummers
Mike Botts Michael Gene Botts (December 8, 1944 – December 9, 2005) was an American drummer, best known for his work with 1970s soft rock band Bread (band), Bread, and as a session musician. During his career, he recorded with Linda Ronstadt, Karla Bonof ...
and Joe Pollard. The other musicians were guitarists
Drake Levin Drake Maxwell Levin (August 17, 1946 – July 4, 2009) was an American musician best known as the guitarist for the pop-rock band Paul Revere & the Raiders. Early life Levin was born in Chicago, and his family's name, Levinshefski, was shorten ...
and
Dick Rosmini Richard John Rosmini (October 4, 1936 – September 9, 1995) was an American guitarist at one time considered the best 12-string guitarist in the world. He was best known for accompanying singers and for his role in the American folk revival of th ...
, and bass player
Mark Tulin Mark Shalom Tulin (November 21, 1948 – February 26, 2011) was an American bass guitarist who played with the psychedelic rock band The Electric Prunes. Biography Early life and career Tulin was born on November 21, 1948, in Philadelphia, to ...
, Lowe's former bandmate in the Electric Prunes. The majority of the songs were co-written by Shankar and Lewinson, who was also credited as musical arranger. According to Hassilev, the potential for improvisation among the musicians was limited by the difficulties presented by the Moog synthesizer. The inclusion of cover versions of
the Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English Rock music, rock band formed in London in 1962. Active for over six decades, they are one of the most popular, influential, and enduring bands of the Album era, rock era. In the early 1960s, the band pione ...
' "
Jumpin' Jack Flash "Jumpin' Jack Flash" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released as a non-album single in 1968. Called "supernatural Delta blues by way of Swinging London" by ''Rolling Stone'' magazine, the song was seen as the band's retu ...
" and
the Doors The Doors were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, comprising vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger and drummer John Densmore. They were among the most influential and controversial rock acts ...
' " Light My Fire" was another compromise. These two tracks ensured that the album would have instant appeal for a rock audience in the manner of the various sitar-based LPs that had resulted from the popularity of
raga rock Raga rock is Rock music, rock or pop music with a pronounced Music of India, Indian influence, either in its construction, its timbre, or its use of Indian musical instruments, such as the sitar, tanpura, tambura, and tabla. The term "raga" ...
since 1966, including ''
Raga Rock Raga rock is Rock music, rock or pop music with a pronounced Music of India, Indian influence, either in its construction, its timbre, or its use of Indian musical instruments, such as the sitar, tanpura, tambura, and tabla. The term "raga" ...
'' by
Harihar Rao Harihar Rao (January 21, 1927 – January 13, 2013) was an Indian-born American musician, noted for playing tabla and sitar. He was born into a prominent musical family in Mangalore, India. He moved to the United States in 1964, residing in Pasa ...
and
Big Jim Sullivan James George Tomkins (14 February 1941 – 2 October 2012), known professionally as Big Jim Sullivan, was an English guitarist. Best known as a session guitarist, he was one of the most in-demand studio musicians in the UK in the 1960s ...
's ''Sitar Beat'' and ''Lord Sitar''. Among the original material on ''Ananda Shankar'', psychedelic influences were especially evident in "Snow Flower", while the thirteen-minute "Sagar (The Ocean)" was the closest to the Indian classical style. For "Raghupati", which was an adaptation of an Indian folk song, ten of Shankar's friends participated in the recording, playing and supplying the chanted chorus.


Release

''Ananda Shankar'' was released in April1970 with the Reprise catalogue number RS-6398. A message from Shankar appeared on the front cover of the LP: "I have had a dream to try to combine Western and Indian music into a new form, a music which has no particular name but is melodious and touching, and which combines the most modern electronic devices with the old traditional instrument, the sitar." The liner notes stated that "He's as Indian as the tradition in which he received his education as a classical musician, but he's excited about
Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin were an English rock music, rock band formed in London in 1968. The band comprised vocalist Robert Plant, guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones (musician), John Paul Jones and drummer John Bonham. With a he ...
and
Janis Joplin Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943 – October 4, 1970) was an American singer and songwriter. One of the most iconic and successful Rock music, rock performers of her era, she was noted for her powerful mezzo-soprano vocals and her "electric" ...
and electronic music." Also in 1970, Shankar performed his first successful concert as a solo artist. Hassilev had expected that the commercial performance of the album would be negligible, yet it was sufficient to give Shankar international renown. He followed the album with the 1975 release ''Ananda Shankar and His Music'', which he recorded in India.


Critical reception and legacy

Writing in the 1993 book ''Incredibly Strange Music, Volume 1'', a reviewer described Shankar's versions of "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and "Light My Fire" as "amazing … raw rockin' raga" and said that his treatment of the Rolling Stones hit liberated the song from its "revered spot" and "the rock mythos". The album was issued on CD by Reprise in 1998, by which point Shankar's work had been appropriated by DJs in London's
club scene A nightclub or dance club is a club that is open at night, usually for drinking, dancing and other entertainment. Nightclubs often have a Bar (establishment), bar and discotheque (usually simply known as disco) with a dance floor, laser lighti ...
. The ''
NME ''New Musical Express'' (''NME'') is a British music, film, gaming and culture website, bimonthly magazine, and brand. Founded as a newspaper in 1952, with the publication being referred to as a "Rock music, rock inkie", the ''NME'' would be ...
'' described the CD as "one of the most anticipated rereleases in recent years" and predicted that, building on his "famous"
Indipop Indian pop music, also known as I-pop or Indi-pop, refers to pop music produced in India that is independent from filmi soundtracks for Indian cinema. Indian pop is closely linked to Bollywood, Tollywood, Pollywood, Kollywood and the Asian U ...
treatment of the Stones' and the Doors' tracks, "Ananda's debut should get the acclaim it deserves." The reviewer also identified Shankar's style of East–West fusion as a forerunner to the British-Asian band
Cornershop Cornershop are an English indie rock band formed in Leicester, in 1991. The group are best known for their single " Brimful of Asha" from their third album '' When I Was Born for the 7th Time''. A remixed version of the track reached number one ...
's reinterpretation of "Norwegian Wood". "Jumpin' Jack Flash" has since been included on rare groove compilations released by
Rhino A rhinoceros ( ; ; ; : rhinoceros or rhinoceroses), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant taxon, extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls) in the family (biology), famil ...
, including the four-disc set ''What It Is!'', and has won the admiration of musicians such as
Beck Beck David Hansen (born Bek David Campbell; July 8, 1970), known mononymously as Beck, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He rose to fame in the early 1990s with his Experimental music, experimental and Lo-fi mus ...
and James Murphy. In his review of the 2015 dance compilation ''Slip Disc'', on which the song also appears,
Robin Denselow Robin Denselow is an English writer, journalist, and broadcaster. Education Denselow was educated at Leighton Park School, a boys' Quaker boarding independent school (now co-educational) in Reading, Berkshire, followed by New College, Oxford, wh ...
of ''
The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardi ...
'' said that the track's "furious sitar and synth treatment" serves as "a reminder that Ravi Shankar's nephew was a Rolling Stones fan who used to jam with Jimi Hendrix". As with his uncle's international career, Shankar's perceived Westernisation of the sitar attracted criticism in India. Writing in 2012, Indian journalist and author
Indrajit Hazra Indrajit Hazra is an Indian journalist and author of the books '' The Bioscope Man'' and ''Grand Delusions: A Short Biography of Kolkata'' published by Aleph Book Company in 2013. Early life He was born and raised in Kolkata and studied at L ...
derided ''Ananda Shankar'' as "drivel" and "certainly 'touching' – but in a way that would put an old man in a children's park away in jail for life". While blaming the album for helping to perpetuate a cheapened cultural image of India, Hazra ridiculed other attempts at East–West fusion before writing in conclusion: "There's always soul-destroying Ananda Shankar, who never seemed to ask himself why no one ever tried to play '
Gangnam Style "Gangnam Style" () is a K-pop song by South Korean singer Psy, released on July 15, 2012, by YG Entertainment as the lead single of his sixth studio album, ''Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1'' (''Ssai Yukgap Part 1''). The term "Gangnam Style" is a n ...
' on the cello." ''Ananda Shankar'' is one of the albums featured in Robert Dimery's book ''
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die ''1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die'' is a musical reference book first published in 2005 by Universe Publishing. Part of the ''1001 Before You Die'' series, it compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of music criti ...
''. In his commentary there, '' Time Out'' music critic John Lewis says that Shankar's 1970 LP was the most artistically successful of all the "sitar rock" releases that began with Harihar Rao in 1966, and he writes of the album: "Ananda's Moog-fried readings of 'Jumpin' Jack Flash' and 'Light My Fire' still pack out dancefloors today. 'Snow Flower' and 'Mamata' create ambient pop, while 'Metamorphosis' moves into funkier territory. Side two moves the emphasis back toward India with the 13-minute raga-rock epic 'Sagar' and the stomping, chant-based 'Raghupati'." Lewis concludes by saying that, before his death in 1999, "Shankar's fusion style had been adopted by a whole generation of British Asians, his reputation assured." In his review for
AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All-Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Mus ...
, Jon Pruett says that to dismiss the album as merely another mix of psychedelia and Indian sounds would be "a huge mistake". He says that over the first three tracks, "Shankar manages to bridge the gap between kitsch and fine art", and he highlights the original compositions as "equally impressive". Referring to the dominance of Western rhythms over Eastern, Pruett adds that after the more Indian-styled "Sagar", "you realize that this record could have been much more than it was." He describes "Raghupati" as "a great mixture of folk guitars that takes the focus away from the sitar for once, instead incorporating vocals and a chorus that manages to lock into a repeated chant that is the unexpected highlight of the album". AllMusic's artist biography for Shankar describes the 1970 album as "a fusion cult classic". The album was reissued in 2005 by
Collectors' Choice Music Collectors' Choice Music (CCM) is an Itasca, Illinois-based record label and retailer of music on CD. Originally the company was primarily in two businesses, but since 2010 only in the second. CCM was best known for reissuing albums originally re ...
with a liner note essay by music critic
Richie Unterberger Richie Unterberger (born 1962) is an American author and journalist whose focus is popular music and travel writing. Life and writing Unterberger attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he wrote for the university newspaper '' The Daily P ...
. Unterberger writes: "What set Ananda Shankar aside from most such artists uring the raga-rock erawas that he was an Indian musician of distinguished pedigree approaching the East–West fusion from the Eastern direction, rather than the other way around … ''Ananda Shankar'' established a solid reputation among collectors over the next few decades, as well as being hailed as a forerunner of the
world music "World music" is an English phrase for styles of music from non-English speaking countries, including quasi-traditional, Cross-cultural communication, intercultural, and traditional music. World music's broad nature and elasticity as a musical ...
fusions that attained global popularity from the 1980s onward."


Track listing

All songs by Ananda Shankar and Paul Lewinson unless otherwise noted. Side one # "
Jumpin' Jack Flash "Jumpin' Jack Flash" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released as a non-album single in 1968. Called "supernatural Delta blues by way of Swinging London" by ''Rolling Stone'' magazine, the song was seen as the band's retu ...
" (
Mick Jagger Sir Michael Philip Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English musician. He is known as the lead singer and one of the founder members of The Rolling Stones. Jagger has co-written most of the band's songs with lead guitarist Keith Richards; Jagge ...
,
Keith Richards Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943) is an English musician, songwriter, singer and record producer who is an original member, guitarist, secondary vocalist, and co-principal songwriter of the Rolling Stones. His songwriting partnership wi ...
) – 3:40 # "Snow Flower" – 3:10 # " Light My Fire" (
Jim Morrison James Douglas Morrison (December 8, 1943 – July 3, 1971) was an American singer, songwriter, and poet who was the lead vocalist and primary lyricist of the rock band the Doors. Due to his charismatic persona, poetic lyrics, distinctive vo ...
,
Robbie Krieger Robert Alan Krieger (born January 8, 1946) is an American guitarist and founding member of the rock band the Doors. Krieger wrote or co-wrote many of the Doors' songs, including the hits " Light My Fire", " Love Me Two Times", " Touch Me", and " ...
,
John Densmore John Paul Densmore (born December 1, 1944) is an American musician. He is best known as the drummer of the Rock music, rock band the Doors and as such is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He appeared on every recording made by the band, ...
,
Ray Manzarek Raymond Daniel Manzarek Jr. ( Manczarek; February 12, 1939 – May 20, 2013) was an American keyboardist. He is best known as a member of the rock band the Doors, co-founding the group in 1965 with fellow UCLA School of Theater, Film and Te ...
) – 3:29 #"Mamata (Affection)" – 2:50 #"Metamorphosis" – 6:49 Side two #"Sagar (The Ocean)" – 13:13 #"Dance Indra" (traditional, arranged by Shankar and Lewinson) – 3:49 #"Raghupati" (folk tune, arranged by Shankar and Lewinson) – 3:35


Personnel

According to the 2005 CD liner notes: *
Ananda Shankar Ananda Shankar (11 December 1942 – 26 March 1999) was an Indian sitar player, singer, and composer whose music blended Western and Eastern musical styles. He was married to dancer and choreographer Tanusree Shankar. Life Born in Almora ...
 –
sitar The sitar ( or ; ) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau K ...
, vocal on "Raghupati" *Paul Lewinson –
Moog synthesizer The Moog synthesizer ( ) is a modular synthesizer invented by the American engineer Robert Moog in 1964. Moog's company, R. A. Moog Co., produced numerous models from 1965 to 1981, and again from 2014. It was the first commercial synthesizer ...
, musical arrangements *Pranish Khan –
tabla A ''tabla'' is a pair of hand drums from the Indian subcontinent. Since the 18th century, it has been the principal percussion instrument in Hindustani classical music, where it may be played solo, as an accompaniment with other instruments a ...
*
Dick Rosmini Richard John Rosmini (October 4, 1936 – September 9, 1995) was an American guitarist at one time considered the best 12-string guitarist in the world. He was best known for accompanying singers and for his role in the American folk revival of th ...
– guitar *
Drake Levin Drake Maxwell Levin (August 17, 1946 – July 4, 2009) was an American musician best known as the guitarist for the pop-rock band Paul Revere & the Raiders. Early life Levin was born in Chicago, and his family's name, Levinshefski, was shorten ...
– guitar *
Jerry Scheff Jerry Obern Scheff (born January 31, 1941) is an American bassist, best known for his work with Elvis Presley from 1969 to 1977 as a member of his TCB Band and on the Doors' '' L.A. Woman''. Biography Scheff grew up in Vallejo, California. After ...
 – bass *
Mark Tulin Mark Shalom Tulin (November 21, 1948 – February 26, 2011) was an American bass guitarist who played with the psychedelic rock band The Electric Prunes. Biography Early life and career Tulin was born on November 21, 1948, in Philadelphia, to ...
 – bass * Joe Pollard – drums *
Michael Botts Michael Gene Botts (December 8, 1944 – December 9, 2005) was an American drummer, best known for his work with 1970s soft rock band Bread, and as a session musician. During his career, he recorded with Linda Ronstadt, Karla Bonoff, Andrew Gold ...
 – drums * ''uncredited'' – chorus vocals on "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and "Raghupati" * ''uncredited'' – chanting on "Raghupati"


References


Sources

* * * * * * * * {{Authority control 1970 debut albums Ananda Shankar albums Reprise Records albums Albums produced by Alex Hassilev Raga rock albums