''Anadenanthera'' is a genus of

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

n trees in the

Legume Legumes are plants in the pea family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seeds of such plants. When used as a dry grain for human consumption, the seeds are also called pulses. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consum ...

family,

Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...

. The genus contains two species, '' A. colubrina'' and '' A. peregrina''. These trees are known to the western world primarily as sources of the hallucinogenic snuffs vilca/cebil and yopo/cohoba. The main active constituent of ''Anadenanthera'' is bufotenin.

Species

* ''

Anadenanthera colubrina ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' (also known as vilca, huilco, huilca, wilco, willka, curupay, curupau, cebil, or angico) is a South American tree closely related to yopo, or ''Anadenanthera peregrina''. It grows to tall and the trunk is very thorn ...

'' ** ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' ** ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''colubrina'' * ''

Anadenanthera peregrina ''Anadenanthera peregrina'', also known as yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica or calcium tree, is a perennial tree of the genus ''Anadenanthera'' native to the Caribbean and South America. It grows up to tall, and has a thorny bark. Its flowers grow ...

'' ** ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''falcata'' ** ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''peregrina''

Chemical compounds

Chemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ...

s contained in ''Anadenanthera'' include: * 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bark *

Serotonin Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, ...

* N-Methylserotonin * 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, bark * Bufotenin, seeds, bark * Bufotenine N-oxide, seeds * N,N-

Dimethyltryptamine Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (''N'',''N''-DMT), is a Psychedelic drug, serotonergic hallucinogen and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug of the substituted tryptamine, tryptamine family tha ...

, seeds, pods, bark * N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide, Seeds * N- Methyltryptamine, bark * 2-Methyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido ,4-bndole * 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido ,4-bndole * 1,2-Dimethyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido ,4-bndole

References

Notes

General references

* Constantino Torres - Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of South America (2006) * Jonathan Ott - Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines (2001) * Richard Evans Schultes - Plants of the Gods (1992) * Patricia J. Knobloch - Wari Ritual Power at Conchopata: An Interpretation of Anadenanthera Colubrina Iconography. Latin American Antiquity 11(4), 2000, pp. 387–402.
Lycaeum > Leda > Anadenanthera
* Juan P. Ogalde, Bernardo T. Arriaza, and Elia C. Soto - Uso de plantas psicoactivas en el north de Chile: evidencia química del consumo de ayahuasca durante el periodo medio (500-1000 d.C.). Latin American Antiquity 21(4), 2010, pp 441–450.

External links

Society of Ethnobotanical Studies and Modified States of Consciousness

* ttps://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&pg=PA121&dq=acacia+alkaloids&sig=--zI-ThP1jSuZlgXlfXhKMG0MCU#PPA102,M1 Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America {{Authority control Flora of Southern America Psychedelic tryptamine carriers Entheogens Herbal and fungal hallucinogens Taxa named by Carlo Luigi Spegazzini Fabaceae genera