''Anacithara'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s, marine
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Horaiclavidae
Horaiclavidae is a family of predatory sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomi ...
.
[Bouchet, P. (2015). Anacithara Hedley, 1922. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=432392 on 2016-12-17]
This genus was previously classified under the subfamily Mangeliinae, but transferred to Crassispirinae by Kilburn in 1994 In 2011 it was brought into the family Horaiclavidae by Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. in their publication "A new operational classification of the Conoidea"
[Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". '']Journal of Molluscan Studies
The ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Malacological Society of London, covering research in malacology. '' 77: 273-308. .
Description
This genus consists of small claviform shells (3–10 mm) which resemble ''
Eucithara
''Eucithara'' is a Genus (biology), genus of small to quite large sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
This genus has been a convenient dumping ground for many Indo-Pacific species. A profound study i ...
''
Fischer, 1883 (family
Mangeliidae
Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
Bouchet, P. (2011). Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Regis ...
) in their upper
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
s and
sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...
, but differ in their wide
aperture
In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
, devoid of teeth on either side. The small, smooth and blunt protoconch consists of two whorls.
Hedley, Charles. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Vol. 13. 1922
/ref>
Species
Species in Anacithara include:
* † '' Anacithara akisi'' Kolokotronis, 2021
* '' Anacithara anae'' Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021
* '' Anacithara angulicostata'' Kilburn, 1994
* '' Anacithara angulosa'' (E. A. Smith, 1872)
* † '' Anacithara axialis'' (P. Marshall, 1918)
* '' Anacithara biconica'' Barros, Santana & Lima, 2015
* '' Anacithara biscoitoi'' Nolf & Swinnen, 2011
* '' Anacithara brevicostata'' Hedley, 1922
* † '' Anacithara bulbosa'' Shuto, 1961
* '' Anacithara caelatura'' Hedley, 1922
* † '' Anacithara clifdenica'' Powell, 1942
* '' Anacithara conata'' (Hedley, 1909)
* '' Anacithara dulcinea'' (Melvill & Standen, 1895)
* † '' Anacithara errabunda'' Powell, 1942
* '' Anacithara exquisita'' Hedley, 1922
* † '' Anacithara finlayi'' Powell, 1942
* '' Anacithara fortilabiata'' Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021
* '' Anacithara goodingii'' (E. A. Smith, 1884)
* '' Anacithara hebes'' Hedley, 1922
* '' Anacithara ione'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* † '' Anacithara janjukiensis'' Powell, 1944
* '' Anacithara leptalea'' Hedley, 1922
* '' Anacithara levukensis'' (Watson, 1881)
* '' Anacithara maltzani'' (Knudsen, 1952)
* † '' Anacithara mantjeuriensis'' (Oostingh, 1938)
* '' Anacithara minutistriata'' (E. A. Smith, 1882)
* '' Anacithara modica'' (E. A. Smith, 1882)
* † '' Anacithara nana'' Powell, 1942
* '' Anacithara nanisca'' (Hervier, 1897)
* '' Anacithara naufraga'' (Hedley, 1909)
* '' Anacithara osumiensis'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1913)
* '' Anacithara perfecta'' Kay, 1979
* '' Anacithara phyllidis'' (Hedley, 1922)
* '' Anacithara platycheila'' (E. A. Smith, 1882)
* '' Anacithara propinqua'' Hedley, 1922
* † '' Anacithara pseudodanjouxi'' (Brébion, 1992)
* '' Anacithara pseudorissoina'' Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021
* '' Anacithara punctostriata'' Bozzetti, 2009
* '' Anacithara pupiformis'' Barros, Santana & Lima, 2015
* '' Anacithara pyrgoformis'' Barros, Santana & Lima, 2015
* '' Anacithara querna'' (Melvill, 1910)
* '' Anacithara rissoina'' Hedley, 1922
* '' Anacithara robusta'' Hedley, 1922
* '' Anacithara simplex'' (Turton W. H., 1932)
* '' Anacithara striata'' Ardovini, 2021
* '' Anacithara stricta'' Hedley, 1922
* '' Anacithara subrissoina'' Kilburn, 1994
* '' Anacithara themeropis'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* '' Anacithara tumida'' Hedley, 1922
* '' Anacithara undaticosta'' (Reeve, 1845)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Anacithara alfredi'' (E. A. Smith, 1904): synonym of '' Pseudorhaphitoma alfredi'' (E. A. Smith, 1904)
* ''Anacithara amplexa'' (Gould, 1860): synonym of '' Guraleus amplexus'' (Gould, 1860)
* ''Anacithara hervieri'' Hedley, 1922: synonym of '' Pseudorhaphitoma hervieri'' (Hedley, 1922) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
* ''Anacithara lita'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896): synonym of ''Asperosculptura lita
''Asperosculptura lita'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae.WoRMS (2015). Anacithara lita (Melvill & Standen, 1896). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...
'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* ''Anacithara pupiforme'' Barros, Santana & Lima, 2015: synonym of '' Anacithara pupiformis'' Barros, Santana & Lima, 2015
* ''Anacithara pyrgoforme'' Barros, Santana & Lima, 2015: synonym of '' Anacithara pyrgoformis'' Barros, Santana & Lima, 2015
References
External links
Barros, José CN, Cesar AS Santana, and Silvio FB Lima. "Three new species of Anacithara from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Brazil." SPIXIANA 38.1 (2015): 21-28
{{Taxonbar, from=Q18519486
Gastropod genera