Amylocorticiales is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the class

Agaricomycetes The Agaricomycetes are a class of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The taxon is roughly identical to that defined for the Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes) by Hibbett & Thorn, with the inclusion of Auriculariales ...

. The order was circumscribed in 2010 to contain mostly resupinate (crust-like) forms that have been referred to genera ''

Anomoporia ''Anomoporia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Amylocorticiaceae. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar in 1966. Species list *''Anomoporia albolutescens'' *''Anomoporia ambigua'' *''Anomopo ...

'', '' Amyloathelia'', '' Amylocorticiellum'', '' Amylocorticium'', '' Amyloxenasma'', '' Anomoloma'', '' Athelopsis'', '' Ceraceomyces'', '' Hypochniciellum'', '' Leptosporomyces'' and '' Serpulomyces'' and the anomalous species, ''Athelia rolfsii'', now classified in its own genus, '' Agroathelia''.

Phylogenetics

The order contains one of three assemblages of basal lineages of Agaricomycetidae that contain corticioid fungi; the others are the Jaapiales and the

Atheliales Atheliales is an order of mostly corticioid or athelioid fungi placed under the Agaricomycetidae subclass. It was first described by Walter Jülich in 1981 along with 4 families, Lobuliciaceae, Atheliaceae, Byssocorticiaceae and Piloderma ...

. Although several

molecular A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, ...

studies have confirmed the placement of the Amylocorticiales in the Agaricomycetidae, its relationship with other higher-level taxa is not known precisely. Depending on the loci used for analysis, the order is supported as sister group to the

Agaricales The Agaricales are an order (biology), order of fungi in the division (mycology), division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are ...

, or as sister to a

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

that contains the Agaricales,

Boletales The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. ...

and

Description

Species in the Amylocorticiales form

fruit bodies The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ...

that are effused (stretched out flat like a film-like growth), effused-reflexed (stretched out but with edges curled up) to almost pileate (with a

cap A cap is a flat headgear, usually with a visor. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head. They made their first appearance as early as 3200 BC. The origin of the word "cap" comes from the Old French word "chapeau" which means "head co ...

), or stipitate (with a stipe). They have smooth

hymenophore A hymenophore refers to the hymenium-bearing structure of a fungal fruiting body. Hymenophores can be smooth surfaces, lamellae, folds, tubes, or teeth. The term was coined by Robert Hooke Robert Hooke (; 18 July 16353 March 1703) was an ...

s that can be either merulioid (wrinkled with low, uneven ridges), irpicoid (with "teeth") or poroid (with pores). The hyphal system is monomitic (containing only generative

hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one o ...

e) and all hyphae are nodose-septate (with nodes and

septa SEPTA, the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, is a regional public transportation authority that operates bus, rapid transit, commuter rail, light rail, and electric trolleybus services for nearly four million people througho ...

). The

cystidia A cystidium (: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are o ...

are rare and when present, are tube-like and often nodose-septate. The

basidia A basidium (: basidia) is a microscopic spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of reproductive bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the group. These bodies are also ...

(

spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual reproduction, sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for biological dispersal, dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores fo ...

-bearing cells) are mostly terminal but in one genus borne laterally on horizontal hyphae (pleurobasidia), invariably producing four spores. The

basidiospore A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromos ...

s are smooth, thin-walled or thick-walled,

ellipsoid An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional Scaling (geometry), scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a Surface (mathemat ...

, cylindrical or allantoid (sausage-shaped), in most species

amyloid Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red. In the human ...

. Taxa that do not exhibit amyloid reactions include '' Agroathelia'', '' Ceraceomyces'', '' Podoserpula'', '' Serpulomyces'' and '' Leptosporomyces septentrionalis''. Species are

saprobic Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi ...

on decaying wood or as plant

parasites Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The en ...

. Amylocorticiales typically cause brown rot or white rot. '' Agroathelia'' (often called ''Sclerotium rolfsii'') is a major plant pathogen of field crops

Genera

'' Podoserpula pusio'' is an exception to the typically resupinate fruit body form characteristic of the Amylocorticiales. *'' Agroathelia'' *''

'' *'' Amyloathelia'' *'' Amylocorticiellum'' *'' Amylocorticium'' *'' Amyloxenasma'' *'' Anomoloma'' *'' Athelopsis'' *'' Ceraceomyces'' *'' Hypochniciellum'' *'' Irpicodon'' *'' Leptosporomyces'' *''

Plicaturopsis ''Plicaturopsis'' is a genus of fungi in the family Amylocorticiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by English mycologist Derek Reid in 1964. In 2023 P. scarlatina was reclassified to Phlebia ''Phlebia'' is a genus of mostly crust fungi in ...

'' *'' Podoserpula'' *'' Serpulomyces''

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from1=Q15628835, from2=Q2844593 Basidiomycota orders