'Amrus ibn Yusuf al-Muwallad al-Laridi (, died 808/9 or 813/4) was a
Muwallad (probably of
Visigothic
The Visigoths (; ) were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The Visigoths first appeared in the Balkans, as a Roman-allied barbarian military group united under the comman ...
origin) general of the
Emirate of Córdoba
An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalen ...
and governor of
Zaragoza
Zaragoza (), traditionally known in English as Saragossa ( ), is the capital city of the province of Zaragoza and of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributaries, the ...
.

Amrus, a native of
Huesca
Huesca (; ) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Aragon. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Aragon between 1096 and 1118. It is also the capital of the Spanish Huesca (province), ...
, and his kinsman Shabrit () were ''
mawālī'' servants of
Aysun ibn Sulayman al-Arabi, who was the son of
the ''wali'' of Barcelona and Girona. The kinsmen joined Aysun's brother when
Matruh al-Arabi Matruh ben Sulayman al-Arabi () was a Wali, or governor, of Barcelona from 778 to 792. Roger Collins, ''The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–797'' (Basil Blackwell, 1989).
Matruh, together with his father Sulayman al-Arabi, joined Charlemagne's army ...
rebelled and entered Zaragoza. In
Muslim year 175 (
AD 791/2), Amrus turned on his master, and he and Sarhabil ibn Saltan al-Zawagi attacked Matruh with swords, killing him. Amrus then went to Córdoba, where he was rewarded by being named ''
wali
The term ''wali'' is most commonly used by Muslims to refer to a saint, or literally a "friend of God".John Renard, ''Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); John ...
'' of
Talavera. In 802, he was sent from
Toledo as general against another Zaragoza rebel, taking Zaragoza and Huesca, expelling
Bahlul ibn Marzuq and fortifying a settlement that would become
Tudela, installing there his son Yusuf ibn Amrus. Zaragoza again rebelled in December, 802, this time under Fortun ibn Musa, apparently a member of the
Banu Qasi, and Amrus was in the year 803/804 appointed as governor of Zaragoza. He installed his kinsman, Sabrit, in Huesca. In 807, he quelled a rebellion in Tudela, and upon the death of
Oriol of Aragon, he occupied the county of
Sobrarbe
Sobrarbe is a comarca of Aragon, Spain. It is located in the north of Huesca province, making up part of the autonomous community of Aragon. Many of its people speak the Aragonese language locally known as ''fabla''.
Sobrarbe is a mountainous ...
, which was only regained by
Aragon
Aragon ( , ; Spanish and ; ) is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces of Spain, ...
under
Aznar Galíndez I in 814. This conforms with the timeline provided by the chronicler
Al-Udri, who reports that Amrus held Zaragoza for 40 days short of ten years, placing his death in 198 (813/4), but al-Udri indicated that others place his death in 193 (808/809).
His family, the Banu Amrus (), continued to be involved in the regional politics of the upper
Ebro
The Ebro (Spanish and Basque ; , , ) is a river of the north and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain. It rises in Cantabria and flows , almost entirely in an east-southeast direction. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea, forming a de ...
valley. Grandson Amrus ibn Umar ibn Amrus () rebelled in Huesca in 870, capturing his cousin Lubb ibn Zakariyya ibn Amrus (), and killing the ''amil'' Musa ibn Galind (), allying himself with the ''amil'' 's paternal uncle
García Íñiguez of Pamplona. However, he shortly was enticed to return to Cordoban loyalty, being made governor of Toledo. Also active at this time were his brother Zakariyya ibn Umar, his uncle Zakariyya ibn Amrus and the latter's son Umar ibn Zakariyya. Mas'ud ibn Amrus (), son of Amrus ibn Umar, was the last of the family, being killed in 884 by kinsman
Muhammad al-Tawil of Huesca, a member of the Banu Sabrit, the descendants of the kinsman and ally of Amrus ibn Yusuf. Muhammad founded a family known as the
Banu al-Tawil that would rule what was effectively a short-lived
taifa
The taifas (from ''ṭā'ifa'', plural ''ṭawā'if'', meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that em ...
state at Huesca in the late 9th and early 10th century before themselves being supplanted by the
Banu Tujib of Zaragoza.
Family tree
Sources
*Alberto Cañada Juste, "Los Banu Qasi (714-924)", in ''Principe de Viana'', vol. 41, pp. 5–95 (1980).
*Fernando de la Granja, "La Marca Superior en la Obra de al-'Udrí", ''Estudios de la Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón'', vol. 8 (1967), pp. 457–545
*
Évariste Lévi-Provençal, ''Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane'' (1944-1953).
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amrus Ibn Yusuf
9th-century people from al-Andalus
9th-century deaths
Year of birth unknown
Upper March
8th-century people from al-Andalus
Al-Andalus military personnel