Amabiline is a

pyrrolizidine alkaloid Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), sometimes referred to as necine bases, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine. Their use dates back centuries and is intertwined with the discovery, understanding, and e ...

first isolated in 1967 from '' Cynoglossum amabile''. It is also found in the seeds and flowers of

borage Borage ( or ; ''Borago officinalis''), also known as starflower, is an annual herb in the flowering plant family Boraginaceae native to the Mediterranean region. Although the plant contains small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, some parts ar ...

(''Borago officinalis'') and in

borage seed oil Borage seed oil is derived from the seeds of the plant, ''Borago officinalis'' (borage).Borage

. Chemically, it is the

ester In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (either organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group () of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R). These compounds contain a distin ...

derived from viridifloric acid and supinidine. Amabiline is

hepatotoxic Hepatotoxicity (from ''hepatic toxicity'') implies chemical-driven liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdr ...

and may contribute to the potential liver damage caused by consumption of borage and its seed oil.

References

{{reflist pyrrolizidine alkaloids Esters Diols