Marie Antoine Alexandre Guilliermond (19 August 1876 – 1 April 1945) was a French botanist and mycologist who specialized in cytological studies of the yeasts, fungi, and algae. He was among the first to identify sexual reproduction in yeast and published a major review on the yeasts in 1912.
Born in
Lyon
Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...
s to physician Jacques Guilliermond (1841-1878) and Madeleine Rollet (1856-1893), daughter of professor of hygiene Joseph Rollet, Guilliermond grew up with a numerous physicians in the family. He lost his father at a young age and after his mother remarried he grew up as a shy and reticent youth. He became interested in botany after joining the faculty of sciences at Lyon in 1897. He was influenced by the teaching of
Maurice Caullery
Maurice Jules Gaston Corneille Caullery (5 September 1868, Bergues – 13 July 1958, Paris) was a French biologist.
Biography
He was born in Bergues in north France on 5 September 1868. His early education was in Douai.
He began as a lectu ...
,
Eugène Bataillon
Eugene is a common male given name that comes from the Greek εὐγενής (''eugenēs''), "noble", literally "well-born", from εὖ (''eu''), "well" and γένος (''genos''), "race, stock, kin".Louis Matruchot. He graduated in 1899 and began to study the yeasts, receiving a doctorate in 1902. He became a lecturer at the University of Paris in 1913 and became a chair of botany at Sorbonne in 1935 where he succeeded
Pierre Augustin Dangeard
Pierre Clement Augustin Dangeard (23 November 1862, Ségrie – 10 November 1947, Ségrie) was a botany, botanist and mycology, mycologist known for his investigations of sexual reproduction in fungi. He was the father of botanist Pierre Dangeard ...
.
Guilliermond identified isogamous copulation in the yeast '' Zygosaccharomyces chevalieri'' and the formation of an
ascus
An ascus (; : asci) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some gen ...
in ''
Schizosaccharomyces octosporus
''Schizosaccharomyces'' is a genus of fission yeasts. The most well-studied species is ''S. pombe''. At present five Schizosaccharomyces species have been described (''S. pombe'', ''S. japonicus'', ''S. octosporus'', ''S. cryophilus'' and ''S. o ...
''. Prior to his work, the vacuole and nucleus of yeast had been confused. He suggested a taxonomy of yeasts in 1928 with 22 genera which was based on morphology, presence or absence of ascospores and their ability to fermentation specific substrates.
A genus '' Guilliermondia'' (Mirangiaceae), and several species including '' Debaryomyces guilliermondii'', ''
Hanseniaspora guilliermondii
''Hanseniaspora guilliermondii'' is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. In its anamorph form, it is called ''Kloeckera apis''.
Taxonomy
The initial sample of the species was isolated by South African pathologist Adrianus Pi ...
'', ''
Saccharomyces guilliermondii
''Saccharomyces'' is a genus of fungi that includes many species of yeasts. ''Saccharomyces'' is from Greek σάκχαρον (sugar) and μύκης (fungus) and means ''sugar fungus''. Many members of this genus are considered very important in f ...
Candida guilliermondii
''Meyerozyma guilliermondii'' (formerly known as ''Pichia guilliermondii'' until its rename in 2010) is a species of yeast of the genus '' Meyerozyma'' whose asexual or anamorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply t ...