Alexander Henry Haliday
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Alexander Henry Haliday (1806–1870, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday, Alexis Heinrich Haliday, or simply Haliday) was an Irish
entomologist Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...
. He is primarily known for his work on
Hymenoptera Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typi ...
,
Diptera Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advance ...
, and
Thysanoptera Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Entomologists have described approximately 7,700 species. They fly only weakly and their feathery wings are ...
, but worked on all insect orders and on many aspects of entomology. Haliday was born in
Carnmoney Carnmoney () is the name of a townland (of 456 acres), electoral ward and a civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Carnmoney is within the urban area of Newtownabbey, in the Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council area. It lies from ...
, County Antrim later living in
Holywood Holy Wood or Holywood may refer to: Places * Holywood, County Down, a town and townland in Northern Ireland ** Holywood, County Down (civil parish), a civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland ** Holywood railway station (Northern Ireland) ...
,
County Down County Down () is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland. It covers an area of and has a population of 552,261. It borders County Antrim to the ...
, Ireland. A boyhood friend of
Robert Templeton Robert Templeton (12 December 1802 – 2 June 1892) was a natural history, naturalist, artist, and entomologist, and was born at Cranmore House, Belfast, Ireland. Life and work Robert Templeton was the son of the botanist John Templeton (B ...
, he divided his time between Ireland and
Lucca Città di Lucca ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its Province of Lucca, province has a population of 383,9 ...
, where he co-founded the Italian Entomological Society with
Camillo Rondani Camillo Rondani (21 November 1808 – 17 September 1879) was an Italian entomology, entomologist noted for his studies of Diptera. Early life, family and education Camillo Rondani was born in Parma when the city was part of the French Empi ...
and
Adolfo Targioni Tozzetti Adolfo Targioni Tozzetti (13 February 1823 in Florence – 18 September 1902) was an Italian entomologist who specialised in Sternorrhyncha. He was Professor of Botany and Zoology in Florence, associated with Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze w ...
. He was a member of the
Royal Irish Academy The Royal Irish Academy (RIA; ), based in Dublin, is an academic body that promotes study in the natural sciences, arts, literature, and social sciences. It is Ireland's premier List of Irish learned societies, learned society and one of its le ...
, the
Belfast Natural History Society The Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society was founded in 1821 to promote the scientific study of animals, plants, fossils, rocks and minerals. History The Society was founded by George Crawford Hyndman, James Lawson Drummond, Ja ...
, the
Microscopical Society of London The Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) is a learned society for the promotion of microscopy. It was founded in 1839 as the Microscopical Society of London making it the oldest organisation of its kind in the world. In 1866, the Society gained it ...
, and the
Galileiana Academy of Arts and Science The ''Accademia Galileiana'' ('Galilean academy') is a learned society in the city of Padua in Italy. The full name of the society is ('Galilean academy of science, letters and the arts in Padova'). It was founded as the in Padua in 1599, on th ...
, as well as a
fellow A fellow is a title and form of address for distinguished, learned, or skilled individuals in academia, medicine, research, and industry. The exact meaning of the term differs in each field. In learned society, learned or professional society, p ...
of the (now Royal)
Entomological Society of London The Royal Entomological Society is a learned society devoted to the study of insects. It aims to disseminate information about insects and to improve communication between entomologists. The society was founded in 1833 as the Entomological S ...
. Alexander Haliday was among the greatest
dipterist Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced ...
s of the 19th century and one of the most renowned British
entomologist Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...
s. His achievements were in four main fields: description, higher
taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...
,
synonymy A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...
, and
biology Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, History of life, origin, evolution, and ...
. He erected many major taxa including the order
Thysanoptera Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Entomologists have described approximately 7,700 species. They fly only weakly and their feathery wings are ...
and the families
Mymaridae The Mymaridae, commonly known as fairyflies or fairy wasps, are a family (biology), family of chalcid wasp, chalcidoid wasps found in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions throughout the world. The family contains around 100 genera with 1, ...
and
Ichneumonidae The Ichneumonidae, also known as ichneumon wasps, ichneumonid wasps, ichneumonids, or Darwin wasps, are a family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. They are one of the most diverse groups within the Hymenoptera with roughly 25 ...
.


Biography


Early life

Alexander Henry Haliday was born in Carnmoney Ireland on 21 November 1806.The family later lived in
Holywood, County Down Holywood ( ; ) is a town in the metropolitan area of Belfast in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a Holywood, County Down (civil parish), civil parish and townland of lying on the shore of Belfast Lough, between Belfast and Bangor, County ...
, a small seaside town in
County Down County Down () is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland. It covers an area of and has a population of 552,261. It borders County Antrim to the ...
in a house named Clifden. He was the eldest child of Dr William Haliday (1763-1836) and Marion Webster.Anon., 1837 ''The Bible Christian designed to advocate the sufficiency of scripture and the right of private judgement, in matters of faith''. New Series 1: 252 (mentions the death of Haliday’s father at Clifden).Anon., 1870 ''The Law Times: The Journal and Record of The law and the Lawyers from May to October 1870''. 49: 277 (This obituary was written because Haliday was a member of the Irish Bar although he never practised. His father and mother mentioned above are included)Foster, J. W. and Chesney, H. C. G, 1977 Nature in Ireland: A Scientific and Cultural History. Dublin, Lilliput Press. Haliday had a brother named William Robert and a sister named Hortense.Nash, R. and O'Connor, J.P., 2011 Notes on the Irish entomologist Alexander Henry Haliday (1806-1870) ''
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society The ''Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society'' publishes many scientific papers on entomology Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is th ...
'' 35:64-112 7 plates
online
/ref> His father was the nephew and heir of Dr
Alexander Henry Haliday Alexander Henry Haliday (1806–1870, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday, Alexis Heinrich Haliday, or simply Haliday) was an Ireland, Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera, but wor ...
,Transactions of the ulster medical society
ums.ac.uk
one of Belfast's best known physicians and political activists. ''National Dictionary of Biography'' Vol 24 The Haliday family was
Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
, though not religious, and clearly well-placed, holding of farmland in
County Antrim County Antrim (named after the town of Antrim, County Antrim, Antrim, ) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, located within the historic Provinces of Ireland, province of Ulster. Adjoined to the north-east shore of Lough Neagh, the c ...
valued at £3,054.00 in 1820 (£246,763.20 in 2017).= ''Wills and Admons. 1871 Dublin'' The family also owned properties in Holywood and
Dublin Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...
and had a
cloth merchant In the Middle Ages or 16th and 17th centuries, a cloth merchant was one who owned or ran a cloth (often wool) manufacturing or wholesale import or export business. A cloth merchant might additionally own a number of draper's shops. Cloth was ex ...
business and shipping interests.= ''Halliday, A.H., Holywood, Co. Down. 1838. T.1053(2) PRONI Minutes and records of the Presbytery of Antrim. Vols.4. 1834-1839. D.O.D.509(3075-713080 PRONI Fee farm grants for Co. Antrim.'' The Haliday family was related to the wealthy
Lucca Città di Lucca ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its Province of Lucca, province has a population of 383,9 ...
n
Pisani family The House of Pisani is a Venetian patrician family, originating from Pisa, which played an important role in the historic, political and economic events of the Venetian Republic during the period between the 12th and the beginning of the 18th centu ...
, whom Haliday visited often throughout his life.


Education

Haliday began his education at the
Belfast Academical Institution The Royal Belfast Academical Institution is an independent grammar school in Belfast, Northern Ireland. With the support of Belfast's leading reformers and democrats, it opened its doors in 1814. Until 1849, when it was superseded by what today ...
, a school that had strong leanings towards
natural history Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...
. Haliday studied
Classics Classics, also classical studies or Ancient Greek and Roman studies, is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, ''classics'' traditionally refers to the study of Ancient Greek literature, Ancient Greek and Roman literature and ...
when he was twelve,
Arithmetic Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that deals with numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms. ...
when he was fourteen, and
Mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...
when he was sixteen. He learned several other subjects, including natural history from George Crawford Hyndman. Haliday left the Belfast Academical Institution and the family home in nearby Holywood at fifteen, moving to Dublin where he entered
Trinity College Trinity College may refer to: Australia * Trinity Anglican College, an Anglican coeducational primary and secondary school in , New South Wales * Trinity Catholic College, Auburn, a coeducational school in the inner-western suburbs of Sydney, New ...
in 1822. He graduated in 1827, and was awarded a gold medal in classics. Haliday then went to
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
, where he stayed for almost a year.


Career

From 1825 to 1840, Haliday spent most of his time in
Dublin Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...
. He returned frequently to Clifden however, and spent much of his time in London and sometimes visited Lucca, where he stayed with the Pisani family. Haliday also spent much of his time collecting insects across England, most often with Francis Walker and
John Curtis John Ream Curtis (born May 10, 1960) is an American politician serving since 2025 as the junior United States senator from Utah. A member of the Republican Party, Curtis served from 2017 to 2025 as the U.S. representative for Utah's 3rd congre ...
Ordish, G., 1974 ''John Curtis and the Pioneering of Pest Control''. Reading: Osprey at the
Darent The Darent is a Kentish tributary of the River Thames and takes the waters of the River Cray as a tributary in the tidal portion of the Darent near Crayford. ' Darenth' is frequently found as the spelling of the river's name in older books and ...
river and
Southgate SouthGate is a shopping centre in Bath, Somerset, England, It is home to over fifty shops, ten restaurants, 99 homes and an 860-space underground car park. It replaced a shopping centre which was demolished in 2007. The new centre developed b ...
.Curtis, J., 1824-1840 ''British Entomology, being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland; containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found'' London, the Author In 1835, he joined William Thompson on a tour of England and Wales which began in London at the British Museum and the
Zoological Gardens A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility where animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes. The term ''zoological garden'' refers to zoology, ...
and included visits to Matlock, the Lake District ( Vale of Newlands),
Crummock Water Crummock Water is a lake in the Lake District in North West England. It is long, wide, deep, and has an area of . The lake's primary inflow is Buttermere Dubs, itself the outflow of Buttermere, and its outflow is the River Cocker, which mee ...
,
Llangollen Llangollen () is a town and community (Wales), community, situated on the River Dee, Wales, River Dee, in Denbighshire, Wales. Its riverside location forms the edge of the Berwyn range, and the Dee Valley section of the Clwydian Range and Dee Val ...
, and
Snowdon Snowdon (), or (), is a mountain in Snowdonia in North Wales. It has an elevation of above sea level, which makes it both the highest mountain in Wales and the highest in the British Isles south of the Scottish Highlands. Snowdon i ...
. From 1841 and 1848, Haliday spent most, if not all, of his time away from Ireland, mainly at the Pisani family home in Lucca. In 1842, he was appointed
High Sheriff of Antrim The High Sheriff of Antrim is the Sovereign's judicial representative in County Antrim. Initially an office for lifetime, assigned by the Sovereign, the high sheriff became annually appointed from the Provisions of Oxford in 1258. Besides his judi ...
and lived in the townland of Ballyhowne in the parish of
Carnmoney Carnmoney () is the name of a townland (of 456 acres), electoral ward and a civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Carnmoney is within the urban area of Newtownabbey, in the Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council area. It lies from ...
. From 1854 to 1860, after having moved back to Dublin, Haliday was employed as an
Invertebrate Zoology Invertebrate zoology is the subdiscipline of zoology that consists of the study of invertebrates, animals without a backbone (a structure which is found only in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). Invertebrates are a vast and very dive ...
lecturer at the
University of Dublin The University of Dublin (), corporately named as The Chancellor, Doctors and Masters of the University of Dublin, is a research university located in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. It is the degree-awarding body for Trinity College Dublin, whi ...
. During these years, he also edited parts of the
Natural History Review ''The Natural History Review'' was a short-lived, quarterly journal devoted to natural history. It was published in Dublin and London between 1854 and 1865. The ''Natural History Review'' included the transactions of the Belfast Natural History ...
, became a founding member of the Dublin University Geological Society, gave lectures at meetings of the Dublin University Zoological Association (Trinity College), and curated the insect collections at the same university. He also made regular visits to London, usually staying with
Henry Tibbats Stainton Henry Tibbats Stainton (13 August 1822 – 2 December 1892) was an England, English entomologist. He served as an editor for two popular entomology periodicals of his period, ''The Entomologist's Annual'' and ''The Entomologist's Weekly Intellig ...
. These visits often coincided with meetings of the
Entomological Society of London The Royal Entomological Society is a learned society devoted to the study of insects. It aims to disseminate information about insects and to improve communication between entomologists. The society was founded in 1833 as the Entomological S ...
.


Later life

In February 1862, Haliday moved to Lucca. Following a trip to
Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...
, he moved into Villa Pisani with his cousin, Mme. Pisani, and her family. Expeditions and meetings with entomologists became much more frequent. From 1862 until his death, Haliday travelled across Italy collecting insects, mainly in the North (
Emilia-Romagna Emilia-Romagna (, , both , ; or ; ) is an Regions of Italy, administrative region of northern Italy, comprising the historical regions of Emilia (region), Emilia and Romagna. Its capital is Bologna. It has an area of , and a population of 4.4 m ...
,
Liguria Liguria (; ; , ) is a Regions of Italy, region of north-western Italy; its Capital city, capital is Genoa. Its territory is crossed by the Alps and the Apennine Mountains, Apennines Mountain chain, mountain range and is roughly coextensive with ...
,
Lombardy The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is ...
,
Piedmont Piedmont ( ; ; ) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the northwest Italy, Northwest of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the ...
,
Aosta Valley The Aosta Valley ( ; ; ; or ), officially the Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley, is a mountainous Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region in northwestern Italy. It is bordered by Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Fr ...
, and
Tuscany Tuscany ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of 3,660,834 inhabitants as of 2025. The capital city is Florence. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its in ...
), although he made two trips to Sicily. Various trips to
Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...
,
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, and
Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...
followed, and in 1865, with
Edward Perceval Wright Edward Percival (Perceval) Wright FRGSI (27 December 1834, Donnybrook – 2 March 1910) was an Irish ophthalmic surgeon, botanist and zoologist. Family, education and career He was the eldest son of barrister, Edward Wright and Charlotte Wrig ...
, he made an entomological expedition to
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
. In 1868 and 1870, he toured Sicily with Wright. Haliday died in
Bagni di Lucca Bagni di Lucca (formerly Bagno a Corsena) is a comune of Tuscany, Italy, in the Province of Lucca with a population of about 6,100. The comune has 27 named frazioni (wards). History Bagni di Lucca has been known for its thermal springs since the ...
in 1870 and is buried there in the English Cemetery.


Society memberships

Haliday was a member of the
Royal Irish Academy The Royal Irish Academy (RIA; ), based in Dublin, is an academic body that promotes study in the natural sciences, arts, literature, and social sciences. It is Ireland's premier List of Irish learned societies, learned society and one of its le ...
, the
Microscopical Society of London The Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) is a learned society for the promotion of microscopy. It was founded in 1839 as the Microscopical Society of London making it the oldest organisation of its kind in the world. In 1866, the Society gained it ...
, the
Entomological Society of London The Royal Entomological Society is a learned society devoted to the study of insects. It aims to disseminate information about insects and to improve communication between entomologists. The society was founded in 1833 as the Entomological S ...
, the
Linnean Society of London The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript a ...
, the Dublin University Zoological Association, the Dublin University Geological Society, the Italian Entomological Society, the
Entomological Society of Stettin The Entomological Society of Szczecin (), more commonly known as the Entomological Society of Stettin or Stettin Entomological Society, based in Szczecin (formerly Stettin), was one of the leading entomological societies of the 19th century. Most Ge ...
, and the
Galileiana Academy of Arts and Science The ''Accademia Galileiana'' ('Galilean academy') is a learned society in the city of Padua in Italy. The full name of the society is ('Galilean academy of science, letters and the arts in Padova'). It was founded as the in Padua in 1599, on th ...
.


Technique

Haliday worked mainly with very small insects. Study of the tiny parts required dissection, glass slide mounting, and a very high-quality microscope. He acquired his equipment from the London microscopist Andrew Pritchard. Whole specimens were mounted on a card using gum, the card being transfixed by an entomological pin of German manufacture. Since the descriptions were necessarily based on more than one specimen are sometimes ambiguous (based on more than one species). Collecting and general methodology followed the instructions given by
George Samouelle George Samouelle (–1846) was a curator in the British Museum (Natural History) of "no real scientific aptitude". Originally employed as a bookseller for Longman & Co., Samouelle joined the Natural History Museum at the same time as William Elf ...
in ''The entomologist's useful compendium; or, An introduction to the knowledge of British insects, comprising the best means of obtaining and preserving them, and a description of the apparatus generally used'' and
Abel Ingpen Abel Ingpen (20 May 1796 in Chelsea – 14 September 1854) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He is best known as the author of ''Instructions for collecting, rearing, and preserving British & foreign insects : also for c ...
's manual ''Instructions for collecting, rearing, and preserving British & foreign insects: also for collecting and preserving crustacea and shells''. On collecting trips he used a Coddington lens.


Collection

Haliday's collection comprising 78 boxes was presented by Trinity of Ireland College to the Museum of Science and Art (now the National Museum of Ireland) in 1882, twelve years after Haliday's death. The dating of the parts of the collection is confusing but the bulk of it was put together before 1860. Although the collection was damaged, and substantial portions of it have been lost, it remains a very large insect collection. The bulk of the material collected by Haliday himself is in the orders Hymenoptera and Diptera. The undamaged Hymenoptera material is laid out in numbered blocks of systematised taxa, usually disparate groups (representing species) disposed below the appropriate generic name. Most of Haliday's specimens are from Ireland, however several of them are from England, Scotland, and Italy. In addition to the specialist collections of Hymenoptera and Diptera, there is Haliday's own general collection (mainly Coleoptera), and a large body of material added to the collection by other entomologists. The largest single source of donations to the collection was Francis Walker, the London entomologist with whom Haliday had a career-long association. The Walker addition was made up mostly of Hymenoptera and Diptera insects, however, it contained insects of most other orders, especially Coleoptera and Thysanoptera. Other collectors represented are John Curtis, James Charles Dale, Jean Antoine Dours, Arnold Förster or Foerster, Hermann Loew, Fernandino Maria Piccioli, G.T.Rudd, William Wilson Saunders, James Francis Stephens, and Thomas Vernon Wollaston. The collection also includes a considerable amount of material taken by Charles Darwin on the Beagle Voyage.Nash, R, and O'Connor, J.P, 1982 Notes on the entomological collection of A. H. Haliday (1806–1870) in the National Museum of Ireland with a recommendation for type designations. ''Proc.R.Ir.Acad.'' 82(B):169-174, 4 plates


Major accomplishments

* Contributions to the species concept by the designation of type specimens. * Contributions to the concept of synonymy. * Establishing rules for systematics and nomenclature. * Haliday's description of the genus ''Orphnephila'' (Diptera: Thaumalaeidae) and the accompanying plate set a new standard of descriptive taxonomy far in advance of anything of its time. * Haliday's ''Essay on the classification of parasitic Hymenoptera'' is a
seminal Seminal, ultimately from Latin ''semen'', "seed", may refer to: *Relating to seeds *Relating to semen *A work, event or person having much social influence Social influence comprises the ways in which individuals adjust their behavior to meet th ...
work of higher taxonomy. He was one of the pioneers of the group. The higher classification of the ichneumons is unstable but many of Haliday's higher taxa have survived. * Haliday was a specialist, working full-time on
Diptera Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advance ...
in the families
Sphaeroceridae Sphaeroceridae are a family (biology), family of true flies in the order (biology), order Fly, Diptera, often called small dung flies, lesser dung flies or lesser corpse flies due to their saprophagous habits. They belong to the typical fly subo ...
and
Dolichopodidae Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 8,000 described species in about 250 genera. The genus '' Dolichopus'' is the most speciose, with some 600 species. Dolichopodidae generally a ...
and on the
Hymenoptera Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typi ...
and
Thysanoptera Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Entomologists have described approximately 7,700 species. They fly only weakly and their feathery wings are ...
(excepting the arena of synonymy)


Taxa erected by Haliday


Superfamilies

*
Proctotrupoidea Proctotrupoidea is a hymenopteran superfamily containing seven extant families, though others have been recognized in the past, most of these having been removed to a recently erected superfamily Diaprioidea. Of the remaining families, only Proct ...


Families Family (from ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as ...


Hymenoptera Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typi ...

*
Mymaridae The Mymaridae, commonly known as fairyflies or fairy wasps, are a family (biology), family of chalcid wasp, chalcidoid wasps found in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions throughout the world. The family contains around 100 genera with 1, ...
*
Platygastridae The hymenopteran family Platygastridae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Platygasteridae) is a moderate-sized group (about 2000 described species) of exclusively parasitoid wasps, mostly very small (1–2 mm), black, and shining, with genicul ...
*
Scelionidae The hymenopteran family Scelionidae is a very large cosmopolitan group (over 3000 described species in some 176 genera) of exclusively parasitoid wasps, mostly small (0.5–10 mm), often black, often highly sculptured, with (typically) elbow ...
*
Trichogrammatidae The Trichogrammatidae are a family of small endoparasitoid wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea that include some of the smallest of all insects, with most species having adults less than 1 mm in length, with species of '' Megaphragma'' ...
*
Agaonidae The family Agaonidae is a group of pollinating fig wasps. They spend their larval stage inside the fruits of Ficus, figs. The pollinating wasps (Agaoninae, Kradibiinae, and Tetrapusiinae) are the mutualism (biology), mutualistic partners of the ...
(with Francis Walker) *
Encyrtidae Encyrtidae is a large family of parasitic wasps, with some 3710 described species in about 455 genera. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids on Hemiptera, though other hosts are attacked, and details of the life history can be variab ...
(with Francis Walker) *
Eupelmidae Eupelmidae is a family of parasitic wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids, commonly on beetle larvae, though many other hosts are attacked, including spiders. Details of the life history varies ...
(with Francis Walker) *
Eurytomidae The Eurytomidae are a family within the superfamily Chalcidoidea. Unlike most chalcidoids, the larvae of many are phytophagous (feeding in stems, seeds, or galls), while others are more typical parasitoids, though even then the hosts are usuall ...
(with Francis Walker) *
Torymidae Torymidae is a family of wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. Most species in this family are small with attractive metallic coloration, and females generally have long ovipositors. Many are parasitoids on gall-forming insects, and some are phy ...
(with Francis Walker)


Other

*
Japygidae thumb The japygids (family Japygidae) are a taxon of hexapods, of the order Diplura, commonly known as forcepstails. In this family, the paired cerci at the end of their abdomens are pincer-like (superficially similar to the unrelated earwig ...
*
Sarcophagidae Sarcophagidae () are a family (biology), family of fly, flies commonly known as flesh flies. They differ from most flies in that they are Ovoviviparity, ovoviviparous, opportunistically depositing hatched or hatching maggots instead of eggs on c ...


Subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zool ...

* Pireninae * Spalangiinae * Bethylinae * Agriotypinae


Unranked taxa

*
Terebrantia Terebrantia is a suborder of thrips (order Thysanoptera). Order Thysanoptera includes 5,500 species classified into two suborders distinguished by the ovipositor. Terebrantia have a well-developed conical ovipositor, while the Tubulifera do not. ...


Notable works

*1832 The characters of two new dipterous genera with indications of some generic subdivisions and several species of Dolichopodidae. ''Zoological Journal'' 5: 350–368. 1 pl.Osten Sacken. C.R., 1903. ''Record of my life work in entomology'' Cambridge, Massachusetts. *1833 with Francis Walker. Monographia Chalciditum. London, 1833–1842, Much of this work was collaborative with Haliday A.H. who was the sole author of the sectional diagnoses. *1833-1838 An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological Magazine 1: 259–276; 333–350; 48-491; 2: 93–106; 225–259; 4: 92–106; 203–221; 5:209-248. *1836 British species of the dipterous tribe Sphaeroceridae. ''Entomological Magazine'' 3: 315–336. *1836 An epitome of the British genera in the order Thysanoptera with indications of a few of the species. ''Entomological Magazine'' 3: 439–451. *1837 with John Curtis,
James Charles Dale James Charles Dale (13 December 1791 – 6 February 1872) was an English naturalist who devoted almost all of his adult life to entomology. Family Dale was the only son of Dorset landowner James Dale of Glanvilles Wootton and his wife, Mary Kel ...
, Francis Walker, Second edition of ''
A guide to the arrangement of British insects A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is '' a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient G ...
being a catalogue of all the named species hitherto discovered in Great Britain and Ireland '' *1839 ''Hymenoptera Britannica: Oxyura et Alysia''. London, Balliére Fasc. 1: 15, Fasc. 2: 28 et
Hymenoptera Britannica : Oxyura et Alysia - Wikimedia Commons
*1839 ''Hymenopterorum Synopsis and Methodum Fallenii ut plurimum accommodata'' (Belfast) 8 4pg. s.titul
Hymenopterorum Synopsis and Methodum Fallenii ut plurimum accomodata - Wikimedia Commons
*1851-6 in Francis Walker Insecta Britannica Diptera 3 vols. London Characters and synoptical tables of the order (vol.I: 1-9 of the Empidae (Vol.I:85-88) of the Syrphidae (Vol.I: 234–237) chapters on the Dolichopodidae (Vol.I: 144–221), on the Borborides (Vol.II: 171–184), on the Hydromyzides (Vol.II: 247–269)also the corrigenda and addenda (Vol.III: xi-xvi) and contributions to the J.O. Westwood plates. *1851 with Dohrn, C.A. Wissenschaftliche Mittheilungen Sendschreiben von Alexis H. Haliday an C. A. Dohrn über die Dipteren der in London befindlichen Linnéischen Sammlung Aus dem Englischen uberstez von Anna Dohrn and also (index) Haliday, A.H. Über die Dipteren der in London befindlichen Linnéischen Sammlung ''Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung'' 12: 131–14
Wissenschaftliche Mittheilungen Sendschreiben von Alexis H. Haliday an C. A. Dohrn über die Dipteren der in London befindlichen Linnéischen Sammlung Aus dem Englischen uberstez von Anna Dohrn - Wikimedia Commons
*1857 Review Zoonomische Briefe: Allgemeine Darstellung der thierischen Organisation Von Dr. Hermann Burmeister, Professor der Zoologie zu Halle. Ersler und Zweiter Theil 8 vo. Otto Wigand: Leipzig 1856. Natural History Review (Proc.) 4: 69–77.


Arms


See also

*
Victorian Age In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. Slightly different definitions are sometimes used. The era followed th ...


References


Bibliography

Based on Hagen Hagen, H.A., 1862-1863Hagen, H.A., 1862-1863 ''Bibliotheca entomologica''. 2 vols, xii, 566 + 512 pp. Engelmann, Leipzig. andAnon., 1864-1870 ''The Record of Zoological Literature'' (from 1870 ''Zoological Record'' ) *1824-1840 Contributions to Curtis, J. ''British Entomology, being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland; containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found'' London.6 volumes 193 Folios 770 coloured plates (Dissection drawings, text for much of folios relating to Hymenoptera and Diptera). *1828 Notice of insects taken in the North of Ireland. '' Zoological Journal'' 3: 500–501. *1832 The characters of two new dipterous genera with indications of some generic subdivisions and several species of Dolichopidae. ''Zoological Journal'' 5: 350–368. 1 pl. *1833 Catalogue of Diptera occurring about Holywood in Downshire. ''
Entomological Magazine The ''Entomological Magazine'' was a publication devoted to entomology. The ''Entomological Magazine'' was published between September 1832 and October 1838 by the Society of Entomologists of London. The editor was Edward Newman aided by Fran ...
'' 1: 147–180. *1833 Defence of Mr Westwood's conduct. ''Entomological Magazine'' 1: 424. *1833 Generic names should be of Greek derivation. ''Entomological Magazine'' 1: 515. *1833 Burrowing Hymenoptera. ''Entomological Magazine'' 1: 516. *1833 Public Entomological Collection. ''Entomological Magazine'' 1: 518-519 *1833 An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. ''Entomological Magazine'' 1: 259–276; 333–350; 48-491. *1833-1842 with Walker, F. ''Monographia Chalcidum''. London, 1833–1842. (Much of this work was collaborative with Haliday who was the sole author of the sectional diagnoses. In the M.W.R de V. Graham collection of Francis Walker papers there is an annotated y Walkercopy of this work Formerly this was the property of Haliday and he had gummed into it proof copies of his figures of Dryinidae and Proctotrupidae Ent. I, plates A-P. Reproduced and dated in O’Connor, J.P, Nash, R and Boucek, Z. (2000). *1834 ''Aleyrodes Phyillyrea''. ''Entomological Magazine'' 2: 119–120. *1834 Notes on the Bethyli and on ''Dryinus pedestris''. ''Entomological Magazine'' 2: 219–221. *1834 An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain which correspond with the ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus (cont.) ''Entomological Magazine'' 2: 93–106; 225–259. *1835 Curious economy of ''Gyrinus villosus''. ''Entomological Magazine'' 2: 530–531. *1835 ''Psychoda nervosa''. ''Entomological Magazine'' 2: 531. *1836 British species of the dipterous tribe Sphaeroceridae. ''Entomological Magazine'' 3: 315–336. *1836 An epitome of the British genera in the order Thysanoptera with indications of a few of the species. ''Entomological Magazine'' 3: 439–451. *1837 Additional Notes on the Order Thysanoptera. ''Entomological Magazine'' 4:144-146 *1837 Notes upon Diptera: characters of some undescribed species of family Muscidae. ''Entomological Magazine'' 4:147-152. *1837 Notes about ''Cillenum laterale'' and a submarine species of Aleocharidae. ''Entomological Magazine'' 4: 251–254. *1837 Descriptions etc., of the insects collected by Captain P.P. King, R.N., F.R.S. in the survey of the straits of Magellan. Descriptions etc. of the hymenoptera. ''
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collec ...
'' 7: 316–331. *1837 An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain which correspond with the Ichneumones minuiti of Linnaeus (cont.). ''Entomological Magazine'' 4: 92–106; 203–221. *1837 with Curtis, Dale, J., Walker, F..Second edition of ''A guide to the arrangement of British insects being a catalogue of all the named species hitherto discovered in Great Britain and Ireland''.(Six pages of introductory matter are followed by 282 columns of insect names in two columns per page systematically arranged and followed by an index to genera. This work attributed to John Curtis was in fact co-authored by John Dale, Francis Walker and Alexander Henry Haliday; Haliday and Walker writing almost the whole of the sections on Diptera and parasitic Hymenoptera. The list contains 1500 generic and 15,000 specific names. Ireland and Britain are not separated). *1838 Note on ''Dryinus'' etc. ''Entomological Magazine'' 5: 518. *1838 Note on the genus ''Epyris''. ''Entomological Magazine'' 5: 519. *1838 Addenda to the genus ''Alysia''. ''Entomological Magazine'' 5: 519. *1838 Description of the larva of ''Blaps mortisaga''. ''Transactions of the Entomological Society of London''. 2: 100–102, fig. *1838 Description of new British Insects indicated in Mr Curtis's Guide. ''Annals of Natural History'' series 1, 2: 112;121; 183–190. *1838 An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain which correspond with the Ichneumones minuiti of Linnaeus (cont.) ''Entomological Magazine'' 5:209-248. *1838 Additional Notes on the Order Thysanoptera. ''Entomological Magazine'' 4:144-146. *1838 Notes upon Diptera: characters of some undescribed species of family Muscidae. ''Entomological Magazine'' 4: 147–152. *1838 Notes about ''Cillenum laterale'' and a submarine species of Aleocharidae. ''Entomological Magazine'' 4: 251–254. *1839 ''Hymenoptera Britannica: Oxyura'' (
Circumscriptional name In biological classification, circumscriptional names (Latin: ''nomina circumscribentia'') are taxon names that are defined by their circumscription; ''i.e.'' the diagnostic feature of the particular set of members included. Such names are not ruled ...
) ''et Alysia'' (Alysiinae Leach, 1815). London, Balliére Fasc. 1: 15, Fasc. 2: 28 et 4. *1839 ''Hymenopterorum Synopsis and Methodum Fallenii ut plurimum accommodata'' (Belfast) 4pg. s.titulo. *1839-1840 contributions to Westwood J. O. ''An introduction to the modern classification of insects''. London Vol.1 (1839): 1-462 Vol.2 (1840): 1-587 *1839-Revision of
Psychoda ''Psychoda'' is a genus of moth flies in the family Psychodidae. There are more than 400 described species in ''Psychoda''. See also * List of Psychoda species These 392 species belong to '' Psychoda'', a genus of moth flies in the family Psy ...
Pl. 745, pp. 1–2. In Curtis, J., ''British entomology'' *1841 Note on the primary divisions of Carabidae. ''
Entomologist Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...
'' 1841: 185–186. *1841 Notes on Staphylinidae. ''Entomologist'' 1841: 186–188. *1841 Irish species of Mylaechus. In ewman, E.1841: Varieties by Various Contributors.''The Entomologist'', London 1840-1842] (Nr. VIII): 125-128 - (1840-1842) (Nr. XII) 190 *1842 Note on Adelotopus. ''Entomologist'' 1842: 305–306. *1843 in Thompson, W. 1843 ''Report on the fauna of Ireland: Div. Invertebrata.'' British Association Repor
online
*1844 ''
Sunday school ] A Sunday school, sometimes known as a Sabbath school, is an educational institution, usually Christianity, Christian in character and intended for children or neophytes. Sunday school classes usually precede a Sunday church service and are u ...
rhymes and other metrical pieces by a teacher'' Belfast, Henry Greer; London, Houlston and Stoneman.Published anonymously. *1846 Excursion of an Insect Hunter in the Carinthian Highlands. ''The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology'', London 18 (1846-1847) (120) 339-348 by František Antonín Nickerl communicated by Haliday *1846 To expel mites etc. from Cabinets of Insects and to exclude them. ''The Zoologist'': A popular Miscellany of Natural History, London - 4 1524 *1847 On the Branchiostoma Spongillae (larva Sisyrae) and on Conipoteryx. ''Transactions of the Entomological Society of London'' 5: (Proc).: 31–32. *1847 ''Reports on zoology for 1843, 1844'' Translated from the German by
George Busk George Busk FRS FRAI (12 August 1807 – 10 August 1886) was a British naval surgeon, zoologist and palaeontologist. Early life, family and education Busk was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. He was the son of the merchant Robert Busk and h ...
,
Alfred Tulk Alfred may refer to: Arts and entertainment *''Alfred J. Kwak'', Dutch-German-Japanese anime television series *Alfred (Arne opera), ''Alfred'' (Arne opera), a 1740 masque by Thomas Arne *Alfred (Dvořák), ''Alfred'' (Dvořák), an 1870 opera ...
, esq. and Alexander H. Haliday, esq. London, Printed for the
Ray Society The Ray Society is a scientific text publication society that publishes works devoted principally to British flora and fauna. As of 2019, it had published 181 volumes. Its publications are predominantly academic works of interest to naturalists, zo ...
*1851-6 in Walker, F.''Insecta Britannica Diptera'' 3 vols. London. (Characters and synoptical tables of the order (vol.I: 1-9 of the Empidae (Vol.I:85-88) of the Syrphidae (Vol.I: 234–237) chapters on the Dolichopidae (Vol.I: 144–221), on the Borborides (Vol.II: 171–184), on the Hydromyzides (Vol.II: 247–269) also the corrigenda and addenda (Vol.III:pxi-xvi) and contributions to the J.O. Westwood plates Separates the "Brittanic" Diptera into those from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland (E.S.W.I.)). *1851 with Dorn, C.A., Wissenschaftliche Mittheilungen Sendschreiben von Alexis H. Haliday an C. A. Dohrn über die Dipteren der in London befindlichen Linnéischen Sammlung Aus dem Englischen uberstez von Anna Dohrn but also (index) Haliday, A.H. Über die Dipteren der in London befindlichen Linnéischen Sammlung ''Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung'' 12: 131–145. *1851 Summary of the natural history of ants. ''Iris Sunday-school Magazine'', ? - 2 (Nr. 13; 14) 6–10; 30-32 *1852 A.H. Haliday, in F. Walker. ''List of the specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum'', part iv: 1094–1118. pls. V-viii. London 1852. *1855 Review. Recent works on the Diptera of Northern Europe. ''
Natural History Review ''The Natural History Review'' was a short-lived, quarterly journal devoted to natural history. It was published in Dublin and London between 1854 and 1865. The ''Natural History Review'' included the transactions of the Belfast Natural History ...
'' (Proc.) 2: 49-61 See Neal L. Evenhuis, 2007 On a little-known work by A.H. Haliday containing nomenclatural notes on Diptera genus-group names ''Zootaxa'' 1407: 65–66 (Insecta: Brachycera

*1855 Notes on various insects captured or observed in the neighbourhood of Dingle, Co Kerry in July 1854. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 2: 50–55.(with Authur Riky Hogan) *1855 Descriptions of insects figured and references to lates illustrating the notes on Kerry insects. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 2: 59–64. pl. 2 and ''Zoologist'' p. 4756. *1855 Obituary of
William Wing William Wing (1827 - 9 January 1855, London) was an English zoological illustrator and entomologist. He was a member of the Entomological Society of London from 1847 and in 1853-1854 assisted John William Douglas his role as minutes secretary. ...
''Natural History Review'' 2: 48 *1855 On some Irish Insects. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 2: 116–124. P.III. *1855 Entomological remarks. richopteryx ''The natural history review: a quarterly journal of biological science'', Proceedings, London; Edinburgh; Dublin - 2 116–124, 1 plate. *1855 Daraus: Gelegentliche Bemerkungen uber entomologische Nomenclatur. ''Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung'' 16: 287-290 *1855-1873 with Stainton, H.T., Zeller, P.C., Douglas, J.W. and Frey.H. The Natural History of the Tineina 13 volumes, (2000 pages English French, German and Latin editions. Text additions, synonymies and translations). *1856 On the wing veins of Insects. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 2: 59–64. cf. ''Transactions Entomological Society. London'' Ser. 2 T4: 64. *1856 On the affinities of the Aphaniptera among insects. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 3: 9-19 tab. 1. *1856 Descriptions of the larvae of ''Ochthebius punctatus'' and ''Diglossa mersa''. ''Natural History Review'' 3: 20. Fig. *1856 Notice on larvae infesting the horns of ''Oreas canna''. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 3: 23. fig. *1856 Notice on two Irish dipterous insects. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 3:32-33. *1856 Recent works on the Diptera of Northern Europe. Supplementary Notie.Zetterstedt, Diptera Scandinaviae.TomXII 8 vo. Lundae 1855.Stenhammar, Copromyzinae Scandinaviae 8 vo. Ppp. 184 Holmiae 1855. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 3: 32, 33. *1856 ''Insecta'' in Thompson, William (edited by Patterson, R.) ''The natural history of Ireland.'' Volume 4: Mammalia, reptiles and fishes. Also, invertebrata. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1856.pp. 365–366. *1856 Review The Natural History of Ireland in four volumes Vol. IV Mammalia, Reptiles and Fishes: also Invertebrata by the late William Thompson, Esq. 8vol. London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden 1856 Natural History Review (Proc.) 3: 60–62. *1856 Sketch of the present state of knowledge of the
Rotifera The rotifers (, from Latin 'wheel' and 'bearing'), sometimes called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera ) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals. They were first described by Rev. John Harris ...
Proceedings of the Dublin University Zoological & Botanical Association. ''Natural History Review'' 3: *1857 Entomological notes. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 4: 31–36. *1857 Explanation of terms used by Dr Hagen in his synopsis of the British Dragon-flies. ''Entomologists' Annual'' 164–15. Fig. *1857 Note on a peculiar form of the ovaries observed in a hymenopterous insect constituting a new genus and species of the family Diapriadae. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 4:166-174, 1 pl. *1857 On some remaining blanks in the natural history of the native Diptera. (List of the genera and species of British Diptera, the earlier stages of which are more or less perfectly known with references to the principal authorities). (Additional note on the metamorphosis of some species of Diptera hitherto undescribed or known but imperfectly). ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 4: 177–196, 1pl. *1857 (with Wright, E. P.) Notes of a visit to Mitchelstown Caves by E. Percival Wright, A.B., M.R.I.A., Director of the Dublin University Museum: Hon. Sec. Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association. With supplemental notes of the blind Fauna of Europe by A.H. Haliday, A.M., M.R.I.A., F.L.S., vice-president of the Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 4: 231–234. *1857 Review, Wahre parthenogenesis bei Schmetterlingen and bienen ein beitrag zur fortpflanzungsgeschichte der thiere. Von C.Th.E. von Siebold 8 vol. Leipzig 1856. (On a true parthenogenesis in moths and bees, a contribution to the history of reproduction in animals by C.Th. von Siebold); translated by W.S. Dallas, F.L.S., etc., 8 vo. Van Voorst, London 1857. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 4: 64–77. *1857 Review Zoonomische Briefe: Allgemeine Darstellung der thierischen Organisation Von Dr. Hermann Burmeister, Professor der Zoologie zu Halle. Ersler und Zweiter Theil 8 vo. Otto Wigand: Leipzig 1856. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 4: 69–77. *1857 with
William Henry Harvey William Henry Harvey, FRS FLS (5 February 1811 – 15 May 1866) was an Irish botanist and phycologist who specialised in algae. Biography Harvey was born at Summerville near Limerick, Ireland, in 1811, the youngest of 11 children. His father ...
, Review. Retrospect of various works published during the last year, new editions and new works in process. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 4: 27–42. *1857 with other eds. Obituary of Robert Ball. ''Natural History Review'' (Proc.) 4: frontispiece. *1862 Caractéres de deux nouveaux genres d’Hymènoptéres de la famille des Chalcididae (Philomides and Chirolophus) de la collection du Docteur Sichel. ''
Annales de la Société Entomologique de France Annals are a concise form of historical writing which record events chronologically, year by year. The equivalent word in Latin and French is ''annales'', which is used untranslated in English in various contexts. List of works with titles contai ...
'' (4) 2: 115–118. *1863 Note sur la soie produite par les larves du genre ''Embia''. ''Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France''.1863: 3 *1864 ''Iapyx'', a new genus of insects belonging to the stirps Thysanura in the order Neuroptera. ''Transactions of the Linnean Society of London'' vol xxiv: 441-447 *1865 On ''Dicellura'' a new genus of Insects belonging to the Stirps Thysanura in the order Neuroptera. ''Journal of the Linnean Society of London'' 8: 162–163. *1868 ''Relazione sul Baco dell Oliva — Estratta dall’Agricoltore, periodico mensile del Comizio Agrario Lucchese''. Lucca. *1868 Description of Periphyllus laricae n.sp. ''Annales de la Société Entomologique de France''8: xi-xiii. *1869 Translation of Prof. Hermann Loews paper on Blepharoceridae. La Famiglia dei Blefaroceridi (Blepharoceridae). ''Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana'' 1: 85–98. *1869 Note sull precedente memoria del Prof. Loew. ''Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana'' 1: 99. *1869 with A. Targioni-Tozzett, P. Stefanelli, and F. Piccioli, Avvertimento. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. Note sull precedente memoria del Prof. Loew. ''Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana'' 1: 99. *1870 Description d’une éspece nouvelle de la famille des Curculionites:- Rhynchites coligatus. ''Annales de la Society. Linne de Lyons'' vol. xviii: 125 *1885 (posthumous) Notes on Irish Coleoptera (edited by S.A. Stewart). ''Proceedings of Belfast Naturalists' Field Club'' 1883-4 Appendix viii 1: 208. Missing Literature ''Hymenopterorum Synopsis and Methodum Fallenii ut plurimum accommodata'' (Belfast) 4pg. s.titulo.was privately printed in Belfast and dated only by contemporary reference (1839). Haliday's name appears nowhere. It is very likely that Haliday had printed many such works, wishing to avoid typographical and editorial errors, but these remain untraced, since anonymous and therefore uncatalogued.


Sources

Institutions (manuscripts, letters) *Entomologische Bibliotek, Eberswald -Finow, DDR (now Germany) *
Royal Entomological Society The Royal Entomological Society is a learned society devoted to the study of insects. It aims to disseminate information about insects and to improve communication between entomologists. The society was founded in 1833 as the Entomological S ...
, London (by far the biggest repository of Haliday papers so far known although these are only letters to Haliday.) *
Royal Irish Academy The Royal Irish Academy (RIA; ), based in Dublin, is an academic body that promotes study in the natural sciences, arts, literature, and social sciences. It is Ireland's premier List of Irish learned societies, learned society and one of its le ...
, Dublin *
Hope Department of Entomology The Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) is a museum displaying many of the University of Oxford's natural history specimens, located on Parks Road in Oxford, England. It also contains a lecture theatre which is used by the univers ...
, Oxford University Museum of Natural History *
Natural History Museum A natural history museum or museum of natural history is a scientific institution with natural history scientific collection, collections that include current and historical records of animals, plants, Fungus, fungi, ecosystems, geology, paleo ...
, Vienna * French National Museum of Natural History, Paris *
Natural History Museum A natural history museum or museum of natural history is a scientific institution with natural history scientific collection, collections that include current and historical records of animals, plants, Fungus, fungi, ecosystems, geology, paleo ...
, Berlin *
Natural History Museum A natural history museum or museum of natural history is a scientific institution with natural history scientific collection, collections that include current and historical records of animals, plants, Fungus, fungi, ecosystems, geology, paleo ...
, London *
Naturalis Biodiversity Center Naturalis Biodiversity Center () is a national museum of natural history and a research center on biodiversity in Leiden, Netherlands. It was named the European Museum of the Year 2021. Although its current name and organization are relatively ...
, Leiden *
Turin Museum of Natural History The Turin Museum of Natural History (Italian: ''Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino'' or MRSN) was established in 1978 to house the natural history collections of the University of Turin and other collections of natural history, origina ...
* Museum of Zoology and Natural History "La Specola", Florence (Italy) Source Publications *Nash, R, and O'Connor, J.P. 1982 Notes on the entomological collection of A. H. Haliday (1806–1870) in the National Museum of Ireland with a recommendation for type designations. ''Proc.R.Ir.Acad.'' 82(B):169-174, 4 plates *Nash, R. 1983 A brief summary of the development of entomology in Ireland during the years 1790–1870. ''Irish Naturalists' Journal'' 21: 145-150 *Anon.,1902. Irish Naturalist 11:197-199. *Osten Sacken. C.R., 1903. ''Record of my life work in entomology''. vii + 240pp. (pp. 51–62 portrait). Cambridge, Massachusetts. *Graham, M.W.R. de V. 1985 (29 Jul 1985), On some Rondani types of Chalcidoidea (Hym.) in the Haliday collection, Dublin. ''Entomologist's Monthly Magazine'' 121:159-162 *Howard, L.O., 1930. ''Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections'' 84: 217, 231, portrait. *Neave. A., 1933. ''A Centennial history of the Entomological Society of London''. (p. 134). London. * ''National Museum
f Ireland F, or f, is the sixth letter of the Latin alphabet and many modern alphabets influenced by it, including the modern English alphabet and the alphabets of all other modern western European languages. Its name in English is ''ef'' (pronounce ...
Bulletin'' 3: 27–28, portrait. Dublin. *Graham, M.W.R. de V. 1985 (29 Jul 1985), On some Rondani types of Chalcidoidea (Hym.) in the Haliday collection, Dublin. ''Entomologist's Monthly Magazine'' 121:159-162 *George C. Steyskal, F. Christian Thompson, Wayne N. Mathis and Lloyd Knutson, 2003 The type species of Ilione (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) ie Typus-Art der Gattung Ilione (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)'Studia dipterologica'' 10 (2003) Heft 2: 559-56
pdf
Source Obituaries *1870 Anon.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine ''Entomologist's Monthly Magazine'' is a British entomological journal, founded by a staff of five editors – T. Blackburn, H. G. Knaggs, M.D., R. McLachlan, F.L.S., E. C. Rye and H. T. Stainton – and first published in 1864. The journal ...
7:91. *1870 Anon. ''Abeille'' 7: lxxv-lxxvi. *1870 Anon. ''American Journal of Science'' 50:294. *1870 Anon. ''Nature'', London 2: 240. *1870 Kraatz, G. ''Berliner Entomologisches Zeitschrift'' 14:x. *1871 Anon. ''Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London'' 1870-71: lxxxvii-lxxxviii.


External links


Life of Haliday
* pdfs of Haliday's publications on Chalcidoids.

J.O. Westwood letters and manuscripts
Gaedike, R.; Groll, E. K. & Taeger, A. 2012: Bibliography of the entomological literature from the beginning until 1863: online database - version 1.0 - Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haliday, Alexander Henry 1806 births 1870 deaths Alumni of Trinity College Dublin Dipterists Fellows of the Royal Entomological Society High sheriffs of Antrim Hymenopterists Irish entomologists People from Holywood, County Down Scientists from County Down