Alexander Siegfried Catsch (also Katsch; –16 February 1976) was a

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual Cell (biology), cell, a multicellular organism, or a Community (ecology), community of Biological inter ...

and a

physician A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Med ...

of Russian-descent who was one of the senior German scientists in Soviet program of nuclear weapons, and later his research was used in the Soviet program of biological weapons. Until the end of the

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, Catsch was a professional colleague of Soviet biologist,

Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky Nikolay Vladimirovich Timofeev-Ressovsky (; – 28 March 1981) was a Soviet biologist who, in principle, was a senior scientist in Soviet programs of nuclear and, later in biological weapons. He conducted research in radiation genetics, exp ...

at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

, studying on the genome and genetic structures. He was taken into the Soviet custody and held in

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

where he first worked at the Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal’, but later posted at the

Laboratory B Laboratory B ( Russian: ), also known as Object B () or Object 2011 during its period of operation, was a former Soviet nuclear research site constructed in 1946 by in Chelyabinsk Oblast in Russia. Operated under the 9th Chief Directorate of the ...

in Singul' to work on radiation biology under Timofeev-Ressovsky in 1947. In 1955, Catsch was returned to Germany and settled in

Karlsruhe Karlsruhe ( ; ; ; South Franconian German, South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, third-largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, after its capital Stuttgart a ...

where he pioneered studies in methods on extracting radionucleotides from various organs at the

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; ) is both a German public research university in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, and a research center of the Helmholtz Association. KIT was created in 2009 when the University of Karlsruhe (), founde ...

Early life and education

Catsch was half-German and half-Russian.Albrecht, Heinemann-Grüder, and Wellmann, 2001, Reference #27 on p. 60. His mother was a sister of renowned Russian biologist Ivan Puzanov. Catsch was educated in Biology but trained as a physician.

Career

In Germany

As early as 1938, Catsch cited his affiliation with the ''I. Medizinischen Universitätsklinik der Charité''; ''Charité'' was a teaching and research hospital in Berlin. No later than 1942, he was at the ''Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Hirnforschung'' (KWIH, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research) of the ''

Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft The Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science () was a German scientific institution established in the German Empire in 1911. Its functions were taken over by the Max Planck Society. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society was an umbrella organi ...

'', in Berlin-Buch. At the KWIH, he was in Nikolaj Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovskij's ''Abteilung für Experimentelle Genetik'' (Department for Experimental Genetics), a world-renowned department with the status of an institute. There, Catsch conducted research on the effects of radiation on genetic mutations. What happened to Catsch after the Russians entered

at the close of

is best understood in the context of his colleagues

Karl Zimmer Karl Günter Zimmer (12 July 1911 – 29 February 1988) was a German nuclear chemist who is best known for his work in understanding the ionizing radiation on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and did fundamental work on radiation biology. In 1935 ...

and

Hans-Joachim Born Hans-Joachim Born (8 May 1909 – 15 April 1987), was a German radiochemistry, radiochemist and a professor of chemistry at the Technical University of Munich who was one of the senior German nuclear scientists in Soviet atomic bomb project, S ...

at the KWIH, who had a close professional relationship with

Nikolaus Riehl Nikolaus Vasilyevich Riehl (; 1901 — 2 August 1990) was a German nuclear chemist of Russian-Jewish descent. Before the fall of Berlin, he was director of the scientific headquarters of the Auergesellschaft AG, and was taken to the Sovie ...

, the scientific director of the

Auergesellschaft The industrial firm ''Auergesellschaft'' was founded in 1892 with headquarters in Berlin. Up to the end of World War II, ''Auergesellschaft'' had manufacturing and research activities in the areas of gas mantles, luminescence, rare earths, radioa ...

, in Berlin. At the close of World War II, Russia had special search teams operating in Austria and Germany, especially in Berlin, to identify and “requisition” equipment, materiel, intellectual property, and personnel useful to the

Soviet atomic bomb project The Soviet atomic bomb project was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II. Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov suspected that the Allied powers were secretly developing a " superwea ...

. The exploitation teams were under the

Russian Alsos The Soviet Alsos or Russian Alsos is the western codename for an operation that took place during 19451946 in Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, in order to exploit German atomic related facilities, intellectual materials, material resource ...

, and they were headed by Lavrenij Beria's deputy, Colonel General A. P. Zavenyagin. These teams were composed of scientific staff members, in

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) se ...

officer's uniforms, from the bomb project's only laboratory, Laboratory No. 2, in Moscow. In mid-May 1945, the Russian nuclear physicists Georgy Flerov and

Lev Artsimovich Lev Andreyevich Artsimovich ( Russian: Лев Андреевич Арцимович, February 25, 1909 – March 1, 1973), also transliterated Arzimowitsch, was a Soviet physicist known for his contributions to the Tokamak— a device that produ ...

, in NKVD colonel's uniforms, compelled Zimmer to take them to the location of Riehl and his staff, who had evacuated their ''Auergesellschaft'' facilities and were west of Berlin, hoping to be in an area occupied by the American or British military forces. Riehl was detained at the search team's facility in Berlin-Friedrichshagen for a week. This sojourn in Berlin turned into 10 years in the Soviet Union! Riehl and his staff, including their families, were flown to Moscow on 9 July 1945. Riehl was to head up a uranium production group at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal’ (Электросталь).

In Russia

From 1945 to 1950, Riehl was in charge of uranium production at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal'. When Riehl learned that H. J. Born and Karl Zimmer were being held in Krasnogorsk, in the main PoW camp for Germans with scientific degrees, Riehl arranged though Zavenyagin to have them sent to Ehlektrostal’. Catsch, who had been taken prisoner with Zimmer, was also sent to the Ehlektrostal’ Plant No. 12. At Ehlektrostal’, Riehl had a hard time incorporating Born, Catsch, and Zimmer into his tasking on uranium production, as Born was a radiochemist, Catsch was a physician and radiation biologist, and Zimmer was a physicist and radiation biologist. After the detonation of the Russian uranium bomb, uranium production was going smoothly and Riehl's oversight was no longer necessary at Plant No. 12. Riehl then went, in 1950, to head an institute in Sungul', where he stayed until 1952. Essentially the remaining personnel in his group were assigned elsewhere, with the exception of H. E. Ortmann, A. Baroni (PoW), and Herbert Schmitz (PoW), who went with Riehl. However, Riehl had already sent Born, Catsch, and Zimmer to the institute in December 1947. The institute in Sungul’ was responsible for the handling, treatment, and use of radioactive products generated in reactors, as well as radiation biology, dosimetry, and radiochemistry. The institute was known as

, and it was overseen by the 9th Chief Directorate of the

(

MVD The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD; , ''Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del'') is the interior ministry of Russia. The MVD is responsible for law enforcement in Russia through its agencies the Police of Russia, Migration ...

after 1946), the same organization which oversaw the

operation. The scientific staff of Laboratory B – a

ShARAShKA Sharashkas (singular: , ; sometimes ''sharaga'', ''sharazhka'') were secret research and development laboratories operating from 1920s to the 1950s within the Soviet Gulag labor camp system, as well as in other facilities under the supervision of ...

– was both Soviet and German, the former being mostly political prisoners or exiles, although some of the service staff were criminals.Riehl and Seitz, 1996, 121-128, and 202.Oleynikov, 2000, 15-17. (Laboratory V, in

Obninsk Obninsk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Protva River southwest of Moscow and northeast of Kaluga. Its population is 125,376 at the 2021 census. History The history of ...

, headed by

Heinz Pose Heinz Ferdinand Hermann Pose (10 April 1905 – 13 November 1975), best known as Heinz Pose, was a Germans, German nuclear physicist and a professor of physics at the Technische Hochschule Dresden, Technical University Dresden (TU Dresden). ...

, was also a sharashka and working on the Soviet atomic bomb project. Other notable Germans at the facility were Werner Czulius, Hans Jürgen von Oertzen,

Ernst Rexer Ernst Rexer (2 April 1902 – 14 May 1983) was a German nuclear physics, nuclear physicist and a professor of physics at the Dresden University of Technology. Initially part of the German ''Uranverein'', he was one of many German nuclear ph ...

, and Carl Friedrich Weiss.) Laboratory B was known under another cover name as ''Объект 0211'' (Ob’ekt 0211, Object 0211), as well as Object B. (In 1955, Laboratory B was closed. Some of its personnel were transferred elsewhere, but most of them were assimilated into a new, second nuclear weapons institute, Scientific Research Institute-1011, NII-1011, today known as the Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics, RFYaTs–VNIITF. NII-1011 had the designation ''предприятие п/я 0215'', i.e., enterprise post office box 0215 and ''Объект 0215''; the latter designation has also been used in reference to Laboratory B after its closure and assimilation into NII-1011.Penzina, V. V. ''Archive of the Russian Federal Nuclear Centre of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics, named after E. I. Zababakhin. Resource No. 1 – Laboratory "B".''

n Russian N, or n, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History ...

br>VNIITF
). Penzina is cited as head of the VNIITF Archive in Snezhinsk.) One of the political prisoners in Laboratory B was Riehls’ colleague from the KWIH,

N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij Nikolay Vladimirovich Timofeev-Ressovsky (; – 28 March 1981) was a Soviet biologist who, in principle, was a senior scientist in Soviet programs of Soviet atomic bomb project, nuclear and, later in Soviet program of biological weapons, bio ...

, who, as a Soviet citizen, was arrested by the Soviet forces in Berlin at the conclusion of the war, and he was sentenced to 10 years in the

Gulag The Gulag was a system of Labor camp, forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The word ''Gulag'' originally referred only to the division of the Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies, Soviet secret police that was in charge of runnin ...

. In 1947, Timofeev-Resovskij was rescued out of a harsh Gulag prison camp, nursed back to health, and sent to Sungul' to complete his sentence, but still make a contribution to the Soviet atomic bomb project. At Laboratory B, Timofeev-Resovskij headed a biophysics research department, in which Born, Catsch, and Zimmer were able to conduct work similar to that which they had done in Germany, and all three became section heads in Timofeev-Resovskij's department. In fact, in Sungul', Catsch began his work on developing methods to extract radionucleotides from various organs, which he would continue when he left Russia. In preparation for release from the Soviet Union, it was standard practice to put personnel into quarantine for a few years if they worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project, as was the case for Catsch. Additionally, in 1954, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR, German Democratic Republic) and the Soviet Union prepared a list of scientists they wished to keep in the DDR, due to their having worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project; this list was known as the “A-list”. On this A-list were the names of 18 scientists. Nine, possibly 10, of the names were associated with the Riehl group which worked at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal'. Born, Catsch, Riehl, and Zimmer were on the list.Maddrell, 2006, 179-180. In Russia, Catsch was given a

patronymic A patronymic, or patronym, is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (more specifically an avonymic), or an earlier male ancestor. It is the male equivalent of a matronymic. Patronymics are used, b ...

and his last name was transliterated from German into Russian; transliterated into English his name became Aleksandr Sergeevich Katsch.

In Germany again

Catsch returned to the DDR in the mid-1950s and fled West. Riehl arrived in the DDR on 4 April 1955, and by early June he was in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Other colleagues of Riehl who worked with him in Russia also went West;

Günter Wirths Günter Wirths (1 June 1911 – 26 January 2005) was a German nuclear chemist in the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons and an authority on the uranium metal production, especially on the reactor-grade. Until the fall of Berlin in 1945 ...

fled to the

Federal Republic of Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 84 ...

(FRG) and

went legally. As early as 1956, Catsch was at the ''Biophysikalische Abteilung des Heiligenberg-Instituts'', in

Heiligenberg Heiligenberg is a municipality and a village in the Bodensee (district), Bodensee district in Baden-Württemberg, about seven kilometres north of Salem, Baden-Württemberg, Salem, in Germany. Location and climate Heiligenberg (literally: the H ...

Baden Baden (; ) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine. History The margraves of Ba ...

, Germany. No later than 1958, he was at the ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie'' of the ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe'' (KFK, Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center), which was founded in 1956 and today is known as the ''

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; ) is both a German public research university in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, and a research center of the Helmholtz Association. KIT was created in 2009 when the University of Karlsruhe (), founde ...

'' (FZK, Karlsruhe Research Center). It was allied with the ''Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe''; today, it is known as the ''

Universität Karlsruhe (TH) The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; ) is both a German public research university in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, and a research center of the Helmholtz Association. KIT was created in 2009 when the University of Karlsruhe (), founded ...

'', after its reorganization and renaming in the academic year 1967/1968. In 1962, while still at the KFK, Catsch was appointed to the newly created ''Lehrstuhl für Strahlenbiologie'' at the ''Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe''.

Personal

Catsch was married to a Jewish woman.

and Catsch were lifelong friends, as well as professional colleagues.Zimmer, K. G. ''Alexander Catsch's 60th anniversary''

n German N, or n, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History ...

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 145, Number 2, 238-239 (1973) Catsch died in Karlsruhe.

Books

*A. Catsch ''Radioactive Metal Mobilization in Medicine (American lecture series. Publication Number 560. A monograph in American lectures in living chemistry)'' (C.C. Thomas, 1964) *Alexander Catsch ''Die Bedeutung energiereicher Strahlungen für die Biologie'' (C. F. Müller, 1965) *Alexander Catsch, Adolf Zuppinger, Lothar Diethelm, and Olle Olsson ''Handbuch der medizinischen Radiologie. Bd. 2. Strahlenbiologie T. 2.'' (Springer, 1966) *Alexander Catsch ''Dekorporierung radioaktiver und stabiler Metallionen'' (Thiemig, 1968) *A. Catsch ''The Chelation of Heavy Metals (International encyclopedia of pharmacology and therapeutics)'' (Pergamon Press, 1979) **Catsch, A., and A. E. Harmuth-Hoene ''Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications of Agents Used in Heavy Metal Poisoning'' In Alexander Catsch ''The Chelation of Heavy Metals'' 171-183 (Pergammon Press, 1979)

Publications of the ''KFK''

*Alexander Catsch, H. Immel-Teller, and D. Schindewolf-Jordan ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 51. Die Verteilung von Radiocer in den Leberzellen und ihre Beeinflussung durch die Diäthylentriaminpentaessigsäure'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H.
1961
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 54. Die Dekorporation von Radionukliden'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H.
1961
*Alexander Catsch and Glauco P. Tocchini-Valentini ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 71. Der Einfluss einiger Polyaminopolycarbonsäuren auf die Verteilung von Thorium-234 im Organismus der Ratte'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H.
1961
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 76. Radioactive Metal Mobilization'' (Gesellschaft f. Kernforschung m.b.H.
1961
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 124. Der Einfluss von Chelatbildnern auf das Verhalten von Blei im Organismus'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H.
1962
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdruck. 136. Principles and trends in therapeutic removal of internally deposited radionuclides'' (Gesellschaft f. Kernforschung m.b.H.
1963
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 174. Toxicology: Radioactive metals'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H.
1963
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 202. Zur Toxikologie der Diäthylentriaminpentaessigsäure'' (Gesellschaft f. Kernforschung m.b.H.
1964
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 237. Dekorporation von Metallionen durch Komplexbildner'' (Gesellschaft f. Kernforschung m.b.H.
1964
Author affiliations: ''Lehrstuhl für Strahlenbiologie, Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe'' and ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie am Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe''. *Alexander Catsch, Du Khuong Lê, and Danielle Chambault ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 267. Evaluation of the efficacy of different metal chelates of DTPA in removing internally-deposited radionuclides'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H.
1964
*Alexander Catsch and E. von Wedelstaedt ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 338. Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Toxizität der Ca- und Zn IChelate der Diäthylentriaminpentaessigsäure'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H.
1965
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. 390. Medikamente gegen Vergiftungen mit radioaktiven Substanzen'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H.
1966
*Alexander Catsch and D. Kh. Lê ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 407. Removal of ⁶⁰Co and ⁶⁵Zn from the mammalian body'' (Gesellschaft f. Kernforschung m.b.H.
1965
*Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. 491. Das Verhalten von Radiozink-Chelaten im Säugetierorganismus'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H., 1966) *Alexander Catsch ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. 873. Probleme der Chelat-Therapie'' (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H., 1968)

Articles

The majority of these literature citations have been garnered by searching on variations of the author's name on

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Energy Citations Database
*Alexander Catsch ''Korrelationspathologische Untersuchungen 1. Die Korrelationen von Erbleiden und Anlagestörungen des Auges'', ''Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology'' Volume 138, Number 6, 866-892 (1938). The author was identified as being at the ''I. Medizinischen Universitätsklinik der Charité'', Berlin. *I. Sell-Beleites and A. Catsch ''Mutationsauslösung durch Ultraviolettes Licht bei Drosophila I. Dosisversuche mit filtriertem Ultraviolett'', ''Molecular and General Genetics'' Volume 80, Number 1, 551-557 (1942). The authors were identified as being at the ''Genetischen Abteilung des Kaiser Wilhelm-Instituts'', Berlin-Buch, Germany. The article was received on 5 August 1942. *A. Catsch, A. Kanellis and Gh. Radu ''Über den Einfluß des Alterns bestrahlter Spermien auf die Rate röntgeninduzierter Translokationen bei Drosophila melanogaster'', ''Naturwissenschaften'' Volume 31, Numbers 33-34, 392 (1943) *A. Catsch, Gh. Radu and A. Kanellis ''Die Dosisproportionalität der durch Röntgenbestrahlung ausgelösten Translokationen zwischen II. und III. Chromosom bei Drosophila melanogaster'', ''Naturwissenschaften'' Volume 31, Numbers 31-32, 368 (1943) *A. Catsch, A. Kanellis, Gh. Radu and P. Welt ''Über die Auslösung von Chromosomenmutationen bei Drosophila melanogaster mit Röntgenstrahlen verschiedener Wellenlänge'', ''Naturwissenschaften'' Volume 32, Numbers 27-39, 228 (1944) *A. Catsch, K. G. Zimmer, and O. Peter ''Radio-Biological Research with Fast Neutrons''

''Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., Biochem., Biophys.'' Volume 2b, 184 (1947) *A. Catsch ''Eine Erbliche Störung Des Bewegungsmechanismus Bei Drosophila Melanogaster'', ''Molecular and General Genetics'' Volume 82, Number 1, 64-66 (1948). The author was identified as being at the ''Genetischen Abteilung des Kaiser Wilhelm-Instituts'', Berlin-Buch. The article was received on 1 April 1944. *A. Catsch ''Die Wirkung von Calcium- und Cer-diaminozyklohexantetraessigsaurem Natrium auf die Verteilung von Radiocer im Organismus der Ratte'', ''Naturwissenschaften'' Volume 43, Number 22, 520-521 (1956). The author was identified as being at the ''Biophysikalische Abteilung des Heiligenberg-Instituts'', Heiligenberg, Baden, Germany. The article was received on 21 September 1956. *A. Catsch ''Survey of the Therapeutics of Radioactive Substances''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 99, 290-300 (1956) *H. Langendorff and A. Katsch ''Investigation of Biological Protective Agents. Part Xvi. On the Protective Effects of Cysteamine on Acute Radiation Mortality of Mice''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 101, 536-541 (1956) *H. Langendorff, A. Katsch, and R. Koch ''Investigation on a Biological Protective Screen. XVII. The Effect on Radiation Protection of Cysteamine Administered after Partial Body Irradiation''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 102, 51-57 (1957) *H. Langendorff, A. Katsch, and R. Koch ''Investigation of a Biological Protective Screen. Part XIX. Further Research on Sensitivity to Radiation and Cysteamine Protection of Male Mice after Gonadectomy''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 102, 291-297 (1957) *H. Langendorff, R. Koch, A. Catch, and U. Hagen ''The Influence on Survival Rate of X-irradiated Rats and Mice of Liver and Spleen Autolysates, Spleen Homogenates, and Spleen Implantation''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 102, 298-304 (1957) *A Catsch ''The Influence of Isotopic and Nonisotopic Carriers on the Behavior of Sr⁹⁰ in the Rat''

''Experientia'' (Switzerland), Volume 13, 312-313 (1957) *A. Catsch and D. K. Le ''Investigation of the Therapeutic Possibilities in Radioactive Contamination. I. the Effect of Chelating Agents on the Behavior of Radiocerium in the Mammal Organism''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 104, 494-506 (1957). Institutional affiliation: ''Heiligenberg-Instituts'', Baden, Germany. *A. Catsch ''Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radioisotopes''

''Atomkern Energie'' Volume 2, 181-186 (1957) *A. Catsch and D. K. Le ''Removal of Internally Deposited Radiocerium by the Use of Chelating Agents'', ''Nature'' Volume 180, 609 (1957). Institutional affiliation: ''Biophysikalische Abteilung des Heiligenberg-Instituts'', Baden, Germany. *A. Catsch ''A Simple Analytical Method for the Determination of the Ratio of the Mother and Daughter Substances in Radioactive Preparations''

''Experientia'' (Switzerland) Volume 14, 345-346 (1958). Institutional affiliation: ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie an der Reaktor-Station'', Karlsruhe, Germany. *A. Catsch and H. Melchinger ''Investigations on the Therapeutic Possibilities in Poisoning with Radioactive Fission Products. 2. The Effect of Diamindodiethylether Tetraacetic Acid and Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid on the Distribution of Radiocerium'', ''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 106, 606-626 (1958). Institutional affiliation: ''Heiligenberg-Instituts'', Germany. *A. Catsch and D. K. Le ''Investigations on the Therapeutic Possibilities in Poisoning with Radioactive Fission Products. III. The Effect on the Excretion of Radiocerium of Delayed Single Injections of Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 107, 298-308 (1958). Institutional affiliation: ''Heiligenberg-Instituts'', Heiligenberg, Germany. *A. Catsch and H. Melchinger ''Investigation on the Therapeutic Possibilities in Poisoning with Radioactive Fission Products. IV. The Effect of Chelates on the Biological Distribution of Radioyttrium'', ''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 107, 437-443 (1958). ''Institutional affiliation: Heiligenberg-Instituts'', Heiligenberg, Germany. *A. Catsch and H. Melchinger '' Investigations on the Therapeutic Possibilities in Poisoning with Radioactive Fission Products. 5. The Effect of Chelate Formation on the Biological Behavior of Radiostrontium''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 108, 63-72 (1959). Institutional affiliation: ''Heiligenberg-Instituts'', Heiligenberg/Baden, Germany. *H. J. Heller and A. Catsch ''Some Physical Chemical Considerations on the Elimination of Radioactive metals by Chelating Agents''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 109, 464-482 (1959). Institutional affiliation: ''Reaktorstation, Karlsruhe'', Germany. *A Catsch and H. Melchinger ''Investigations on therapeutic Possibilities in Poisoning with Radioactive Fission Products. VI. Affecting of the Behavior of Radiostrontium by Earth Alkaline Salts'',

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 109, 561-572 (1959). Institutional affiliation: ''Heiligenberg-Instituts'', Heiligenberg/Baden, Germany. *A. Catsch, H. Immel-Teller, and D. Schindewolf-Jordan ''Die Verteilung von Radiocer in den Leberzellen und ihre Beeinflussung durch die Diäthylentriaminpentaessigsäure'' 'The Distribution of Radiocerium in Liver Cells and its Modification by Diethylene (Traiamine)-Pentaacetic Acid'' ''Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., Biochem., Biophys.'' Volumer 16 b, Number 3, 181-185 (1961). The authors were identified as being at the ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie am Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe''. The article was received on 17 November 1960. *A. Catsch and H. Kiefer ''Modification of the Resorption of Radiocerium from an Intramuscular Injection by Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid''

''Experienta'' Volume 17, 22-23 (1961). Institutional affiliation: ''Kernforschungszentrum'', Karlsruhe, Germany. * A. Catsch ''The Decorporation of Radionuclides''

''Kerntechnik'' Volume 3, 97-102 (1961). Institutional affiliation: ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie am Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe'', Germany. *A. Catsch ''Retention in the Skeleton of Radiostrontium as influenced by Tetracycline'', ''Nature'' Volume 197, 302 (1963) Institutional affiliation: ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie, Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe''. *D. Seidel, A. Catsch, and K. Schweer ''Decorporation of Radionuclides (Investigation of Radioruthenium)''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 122, 595-610 (1963). Institutional affiliation: ''Kernforschungszentrum'', Karlsruhe, Germany. *A Catsch ''Toxicology: Radioactive Metals'', ''Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.'' Volume 3, 243-266 (1963). Institutional affiliation: ''Kernforschungszentrum'', Karlsruhe, Germany. *Alexander Catsch, Du Khuong Lê, Danielle Chambault ''Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Metal Chelates of DTPA in Removing Internally-deposited Radionuclides'', ''International Journal of Radiation Biology'' Volume 8, Issue 1, 35-43 (1964). All of the authors were identified as being at the ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe'', Germany. *Alexander Catsch ''Zur Toxikologie der Diäthylentriaminpentaessigsäure'', ''Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology'' Volume 246, Number 4, 316-329 (1964). The author was identified as being at the ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe'', Germany. The article was received on 20 July 1963. * Anna-Elisabeth Harmuth-Hoene; Alexander Catsch; Vladimir Nigrovi; Felicitas Bohne ''Excretion of ⁶⁵Zn-DTPA in the Rat'', ''International Journal of Radiation Biology'', Volume 10, Issue 5, 479-483 (1966) *A. Catsch ''Removal of Radiostrontium from the Mammalian Body'' in J. M. A. Lenihan, J. F. Loutit, and J. H. Martin (editors) ''Strontium Metabolism'' 265-281 (Academic Press, 1967). From the ''International Symposium on Some Aspects of Strontium Metabolism'', Chapelcross, Scotland, May 5–7, 1966. Institutional affiliations: Technische Hochschule, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institut für Strahlenbiologie, Karlsruhe, Germany. *A. Seidel, V. Volf, A. Catsch ''Effectiveness of Zn-DTPA in Removal of Plutonium from Rats'', ''Int. J. Radiation Biol.'' Volume 19, Number 4, 399-400 (1971). Institutional affiliation: ''Institut für Strahlenbiologie'', Karlsruhe, Germany. *A. Catsch ''60th anniversary of K.G. Zimmer''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 142, Number 1, 124-5 (1971) *A. Catsch ''Treatment of radiation damage''

''Z. Versicherungswiss.'' Number 1, 125-131 (1975). Annual meeting of the ''Deutscher Verein für Versicherungswissenschaft e.V.'' 5 March 1975, Karlsruhe, Germany . Institutional affiliation: ''Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Strahlenbiologie''. *A. Catsch, A., and A. E. Harmuth-Hoene ''New Developments in Metal Antidotal Properties of Chelating Agents'', ''Biochemical Pharmacology'' Volume 24, 1557-1562 (1975) *A. Catsch ''Removal of Transuranic Elements by Chelating Agents,'' in ''Diagnosis and Treatment of Incorporated Radionuclides: Proceedings of an International Seminar'', Vienna, December 8 through 12, 1975, (Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1976), IAEI-SR-6/103, 295-305, 1976.

Notes

References

*Albrecht, Ulrich, Andreas Heinemann-Grüder, and Arend Wellmann ''Die Spezialisten: Deutsche Naturwissenschaftler und Techniker in der Sowjetunion nach 1945'' (Dietz, 1992, 2001) *Herrlich, Peter ''Karl Gunther Zimmer (1911-1988)'', ''Radiation Research'', Volume 116, Number 1, 178-180 (Oct., 1988) *Maddrell, Paul "Spying on Science: Western Intelligence in Divided Germany 1945–1961" (Oxford, 2006) *Naimark, Norman M. ''The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949'' (Belknap, 1995) *Oleynikov, Pavel V. ''German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project'', ''The Nonproliferation Review'' Volume 7, Number 2, 1 – 30
(2000)
The author has been a group leader at the Institute of Technical Physics of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center in

Snezhinsk Snezhinsk ( rus, Сне́жинск, p=ˈsnʲeʐɨnsk) is a closed town in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. Population: History The settlement began in 1955 as Residential settlement number 2, a name which it had until 1957 when it received town ...

(Chelyabinsk-70). *Riehl, Nikolaus and

Frederick Seitz Frederick Seitz (July 4, 1911 – March 2, 2008) was an American physicist, a pioneer of solid state physics, and climate change denier. Seitz was the 4th president of Rockefeller University from 1968 to 1978, and the 17th president of the Nation ...

''Stalin's Captive: Nikolaus Riehl and the Soviet Race for the Bomb'' (American Chemical Society and the Chemical Heritage Foundations, 1996) . *Walker, Mark ''German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949'' (Cambridge, 1993) *Zimmer, K. G. ''Alexander Catsch's 60th anniversary''

''Strahlentherapie'' Volume 145, Number 2, 238-239 (1973)

External links

Catsch
- History of Biology, ''Fakultät für Chemie und Biowissenschaften'', ''

''
Karl G. Zimmer Papers
– University of Tennessee *
Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe
'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Catsch, Alexander 1913 births 1976 deaths German physicians 20th-century German biologists Soviet biologists Radiation health effects researchers German expatriates in the Soviet Union German people of Russian descent Soviet biological weapons program Nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union people