The Albizzi family () was a patrician noble family and were the de facto leaders of an
oligarchy
Oligarchy (; ) is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people. Members of this group, called oligarchs, generally hold usually hard, but sometimes soft power through nobility, fame, wealth, or education; or t ...
of wealthy families that ruled
Florence
Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025.
Florence ...
in the second half of the
14th century
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Euro ...
. They were at the center of the oligarchy from
1382
Year 1382 ( MCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 20 – Princess Anne of Bohemia, a daughter of the late Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes the Queen ...
, in the reaction that followed the
Ciompi revolt, to the rise of the
Medici
The House of Medici ( , ; ) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici and his grandson Lorenzo "the Magnificent" during the first half of the 15th ...
in
1434.
One of the most powerful families of medieval Florence, the Albizi were active members of the wool
guild
A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradespeople belonging to a professional association. They so ...
Arte della Lana and were most prosperous between the
13th and
16th centuries. The Albizzi were known for their opposition to the Medici family and their significant role in the city's political and social life.
Origin and professions
The Albizzi moved to Florence from
Arezzo
Arezzo ( , ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in Italy and the capital of the Province of Arezzo, province of the same name located in Tuscany. Arezzo is about southeast of Florence at an elevation of Above mean sea level, above sea level. As of 2 ...
sometime in the
12th century
The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar.
In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the Golden Age' of the ...
, and rose to power during the
14th century
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Euro ...
through their increasing influence over Florentine politics and bureaucratic offices, and their multiple businesses.
[
] The family held a strong position in the wool guild, often contributing to shaping the guild’s governing policies and laws. Guild records have also shown the Albizzi to be among the most active in the governing of the Arte della Lana, as shown by the significant number of its members in the guild’s cabinet (21 in the year
1332 and 18 in the year
1353). By the beginning of the
Trecento
The Trecento (, also , ; short for , "1300") refers to the 14th century in Italian cultural history. The Trecento is considered to be the beginning of the Italian Renaissance or at least the Proto-Renaissance in art history. The Trecento was als ...
, the Albizzi had established themselves as one of the most prominent families of Florentine nobility, owing to their success as merchants and financiers.
[
]
The Albizzi family’s main business was the production, refinement, and commerce of wool. While they did trade in and around Florence, their most prolific markets were
Venice
Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
,
Flanders
Flanders ( or ; ) is the Dutch language, Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, la ...
, and
England
England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
. The business was run in a ''fondaco'' (warehouse) and two ''bottege'' (shops). In addition to producing and selling cloth, the Albizzi also started granting loans to other families and businesses and sold and rented land,
fulling mills, and factories located in
Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of 3,660,834 inhabitants as of 2025. The capital city is Florence.
Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its in ...
. The Albizi were also directly involved in governing Florence and in particular their own neighborhood.
Rise to Florentine leadership
By the
1360s, two rival factions had emerged in Florence: the Albizzi family, who supported and favored alliances with the
Papacy
The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...
and
Naples
Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
, and the
Ricci family, who pushed for more representation for the common people. These factions fought until
1372, when the
Signoria
A ''signoria'' () was the governing authority in many of the Italian city-states during the Medieval and Renaissance periods.
The word ''signoria'' comes from ''signore'' (), or "lord", an abstract noun meaning (roughly) "government", "governi ...
banned the Albizzi from holding public office for five years. During this ban,
Maso degli Albizzi, a prominent member of the family, was removed from his position in
Pistoia
Pistoia (; ) is a city and ''comune'' in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typic ...
, a region controlled by Florence. However, his setback was brief. After the Ciompi Revolt ended in
1382
Year 1382 ( MCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 20 – Princess Anne of Bohemia, a daughter of the late Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes the Queen ...
, Maso returned to power.
The Albizzi family regained control of the city after a difficult and often violent period. This turmoil followed the
War of the Eight Saints (
1375 -
1378
Year 1378 (Roman numerals, MCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, visits his nephew Charles V of France in Paris, to celebr ...
), a failed military campaign against the Papacy that drained Florence’s finances and imposed harsh religious penalties on the population, leading to widespread dissatisfaction with the government. In the aftermath of the Ciompi Revolt, an oligarchic regime took over Florence. This regime, dominated by the city’s wealthy patricians who controlled both commerce and government decisions, was led by Maso degli Albizzi.
Cultural and artistic impact
During the Albizzi rule after the Ciompi riots, promotions and other forms of sponsorship played an important role in strengthening their influence in Florence. In particular, from
1382
Year 1382 ( MCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 20 – Princess Anne of Bohemia, a daughter of the late Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes the Queen ...
to
1392, ceremonies and events such as
chivalric-courtly celebrations were arranged by the Albizzi to boost their publish image and social relations with other powerful families. After
1390, however, they increasingly included
joust
Jousting is a medieval and renaissance martial game or hastilude between two combatants either on horse or on foot. The joust became an iconic characteristic of the knight in Romantic medievalism.
The term is derived from Old French , ultim ...
and
tournaments
A tournament is a competition involving at least three competitors, all participating in a sport or game. More specifically, the term may be used in either of two overlapping senses:
# One or more competitions held at a single venue and concentr ...
, although these were less common. Another way the Albizzi established strong political connections was by welcoming important guests into their private homes. These guests were given special treatment, often watching events from prime spots like church steps or windows, or even participating as spectators or contenders, all while being comfortably accommodated nearby.
One of the greatest reasons for the Albizzi’s popularity lies in the famed
portrait of Giovanna degli Albizzi Tornabuoni by the artist
Domenico Ghirlandaio
Domenico di Tommaso Curradi di Doffo Bigordi (2 June 1448 – 11 January 1494), professionally known as Domenico Ghirlandaio (also spelt as Ghirlandajo), was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Florence. Ghirlandaio was part of the so-c ...
.
Giovanna’s portraits became an iconic paradigm of Renaissance art, thus exemplifying the Albizzi family’s, including Giovanna’s, role in supporting the arts, contributing to Florence's cultural legacy.
Prominent members
Tommaso (Maso) degli Albizzi (1347 - 1417) was a Florentine statesman and the leader of the post-
1382
Year 1382 ( MCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 20 – Princess Anne of Bohemia, a daughter of the late Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes the Queen ...
oligarchic regime of the
Florentine Republic
The Republic of Florence (; Old Italian: ), known officially as the Florentine Republic, was a Italy in the Middle Ages, medieval and Italian Renaissance, early modern state that was centered on the Italian city-states, Italian city of Florence ...
. Maso degli Albizzi whose leadership and authority were unchallenged at that time, was also the man who masterminded the
Pisan
Pisa ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Tuscany, Central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for the Leaning To ...
operation in
1406. Maso degli Albizzi, first experienced political defeat when he was ousted from his political position in
Pistoia
Pistoia (; ) is a city and ''comune'' in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typic ...
. However, Maso returned to the Signoria after the Ciompi Revolt ended in 1382.
Maso is considered a perceptive politician renowned for his charm, charisma, and diplomatic elegance. Maso and his fellow patricians undid the
egalitarian
Egalitarianism (; also equalitarianism) is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people. Egalitarian doctrines are generally characterized by the idea that all h ...
changes made during the Ciompi era and restored a system that gave higher guildsmen more power and a majority in committees.
After Maso died in
1417, his son Rinaldo degli Albizzi took control of the city before his exile.
Rinaldo degli Albizzi (
1370
Year 1370 ( MCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 18 – The Battle of Rudau is fought between the Teutonic Knights and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania near Rud ...
-
1442) was the elder son of Maso degli Albizzi. Rinaldo was trained to be a soldier and a diplomat and his main goals were to keep the oligarchy in the Albizzi’s hands. When his father died in 1417, Rinaldo took his place as the head of the Albizzi family and started a war to conquer
Lucca
Città di Lucca ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its Province of Lucca, province has a population of 383,9 ...
. But this enterprise was more difficult than he thought and cost Florence heavily. Rinaldo is most well-known for his enmity with the
Medici
The House of Medici ( , ; ) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici and his grandson Lorenzo "the Magnificent" during the first half of the 15th ...
family, particularly
Cosimo the Elder. In
1433, Cosimo de’ Medici was summoned by the
Signoria
A ''signoria'' () was the governing authority in many of the Italian city-states during the Medieval and Renaissance periods.
The word ''signoria'' comes from ''signore'' (), or "lord", an abstract noun meaning (roughly) "government", "governi ...
, where Rinaldo tried to persuade them to behead Cosimo on the false accusation of getting foreign help against Florence. However, he was opposed by the majority in the Signoria and was forced to agree to Cosimo’s banishment instead of death.
[
]
In the meantime, Rinaldo was losing support in Florence, and a difficult war against
Milan
Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...
added to his unpopularity. When Cosimo returned to Florence, he was lenient on Rinaldo and exiled him and his supporters with the help of the Signoria.
After his exile, Rinaldo allied with Milan and conspired against Florence. In response, the Medicean Signoria denounced Rinaldo. He died in
Ancona
Ancona (, also ; ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona, homonymous province and of the region. The city is located northeast of Ro ...
in
1442.
Luca degli Albizzi
it">:it:Luca degli Albizi">itwas the younger son of Maso degli Albizzi and the head of the Florentine
galleys. During the years of the Medici-Albizzi conflict, Luca always sided with the Medici. Due to his allegiance to Cosimo, he was allowed to stay in Florence after his family’s exile in
1434. Luca soon became Cosimo's right-hand man and was sent as ambassador to
Milan
Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...
,
Rome
Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
, and
Venice
Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
. He became the
''Gonfaloniere'' of Justice in
1442 and, occasionally, a member of the
Council of Ten
The Council of Ten (; ), or simply the Ten, was from 1310 to 1797 one of the major governing bodies of the Republic of Venice. Elections took place annually and the Council of Ten had the power to impose punishments upon Venetian nobility, patric ...
.
Ormanno degli Albizzi was the son of Rinaldo degli Albizzi. In
1433, he was sent as ambassador to
Venice
Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
. In
1434 he and his father opposed Cosimo’s return after exile, but they failed and Cosimo returned to Florence. Two years after Rinaldo’s exile, Ormanno was declared a rebel and exiled too, and he fled to
Trapani
Trapani ( ; ; ) is a city and municipality (''comune'') with 54,887 inhabitants, on the west coast of Sicily, in Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Trapani. Founded by Elymians, the city is still an important fishing port and the mai ...
. Later he went to Milan at the court of
Filippo Maria Visconti
Filippo Maria Visconti (3 September 1392 – 13 August 1447) was the duke of Duchy of Milan, Milan from 1412 to 1447. Reports stated that he was "paranoid", but "shrewd as a ruler." He went to war in the 1420s with Romagna, Republic of Florenc ...
to incite him against Florence. He sent ambassadors to Florence in
1455 and
1457 to obtain permission to return, but Cosimo de' Medici was adamant in confirming his exile. From 1457 there was no more news of him.
Maria Ormani (born Maria di Ormanno degli Albizzi;
1428 -
1470), was an
Augustinian Hermit
A hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion. Eremitism plays a role in a variety of religions.
Description
In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Chr ...
nun
A nun is a woman who vows to dedicate her life to religious service and contemplation, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery or convent.''The Oxford English Dictionary'', vol. X, page 5 ...
-scribe and
manuscript illustrator. She was the daughter of Ormanno degli Albizzi. Maria did not accompany her family into exile but became a novice at
San Gaggio in
1438
Year 1438 ( MCDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Albert II of Habsburg is crowned as King of Hungary at Székesfehérvár.
* January 8 – Upset at ...
. Maria lived here with daughters of other patrician families including the
Medici
The House of Medici ( , ; ) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici and his grandson Lorenzo "the Magnificent" during the first half of the 15th ...
,
Orsini Orsini is a surname of Italian origin, originally derived from Latin ''ursinus'' ("bearlike") and originating as an epithet or sobriquet describing the name-bearer's purported strength. Notable people with the surname include the following:
* Aaro ...
, and Rinuccini until sometime before
1471 when she disappeared from lists of convent residents. Maria di Ormanno degli Albizzi's most notable work is a self-portrait in a
breviary
A breviary () is a liturgical book used in Christianity for praying the canonical hours, usually recited at seven fixed prayer times.
Historically, different breviaries were used in the various parts of Christendom, such as Aberdeen Breviar ...
that she signed and dated
1453
Year 1453 ( MCDLIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1453rd year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 453rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 53rd year of the 15th century, and the 4 ...
.
Antonio degli Albizzi (
1547
Year 1547 ( MDXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Events January–March
* January 8 – The first Lithuanian-language book, a ''Catechism'' (, Simple Words of Catechism), is published in Königsbe ...
-
1627) completed his studies in Pisa and became the regent of the Accademia degli Alterati. His life was marked by significant intellectual and political activity, as well as a notable conversion to
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched ...
that set him apart from many of his contemporaries. As a young man, Albizzi authored writings on
Dante
Dante Alighieri (; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri; – September 14, 1321), widely known mononymously as Dante, was an Italian Italian poetry, poet, writer, and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called ...
, composed
Carnival
Carnival (known as Shrovetide in certain localities) is a festive season that occurs at the close of the Christian pre-Lenten period, consisting of Quinquagesima or Shrove Sunday, Shrove Monday, and Shrove Tuesday or Mardi Gras.
Carnival typi ...
poems, and penned a biography of
Pietro Strozzi. In
1576, Antonio entered the service of Andreas von Habsburg, a young cardinal and member of the
Habsburg family, and served as Andreas' secretary, counselor, and ''camerarius aulicus''. Antonio's conversion to Lutheranism occurred around
1585 during his time as the Habsburg commissary in
Carniola
Carniola ( ; ; ; ) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Although as a whole it does not exist anymore, Slovenes living within the former borders of the region still tend to identify with its traditional parts Upp ...
(
Slovenia
Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...
). The conversion was reportedly triggered by an illness and a
Jesuit
The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...
reading
Paul's letters to him.
Despite his conversion, Antonio maintained a low profile, practicing
Nicodemism—a secret adherence to
Protestant
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
beliefs while outwardly participating in
Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
rituals to avoid persecution. After the death of Cardinal Andreas in
1600
In the Gregorian calendar, it was the first century leap year and the last until the year 2000.
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Scotland adopts January 1 as New Year's Day instead of March 25.
* January 20 – Hugh O'Neill, Earl of ...
, Antonio relocated to
Kempten
Kempten (; ) is the largest town of Allgäu, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The population was about 68,000 in 2016. The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later taken over by the Romans, who called the town ''Cambodunum''. K ...
, a Lutheran town, to avoid the jurisdiction of the
Catholic Inquisition
The Inquisition was a Catholic judicial procedure where the ecclesiastical judges could initiate, investigate and try cases in their jurisdiction. Popularly it became the name for various medieval and reformation-era state-organized tribunal ...
. Here, he lived out his remaining years, contributing to the local community as a political advisor, philanthropist, and supporter of the parish school. Albizzi authored several Lutheran theological works, including the "''Exercitationes theologicae''" (
1616
Events
January–March
* January 1 – King James I of England attends the masque '' The Golden Age Restored'', a satire by Ben Jonson on fallen court favorite the Earl of Somerset. The king asks for a repeat performance on January 6. ...
-
1617
Events
January–March
* January 5
**Pocahontas and Tomocomo of the Powhatan Algonquian tribe, in the Virginia colony of America, meet King James I of England as his guests, at the Banqueting House at Whitehall.
**'' The Mad L ...
), a detailed exposition of Lutheran doctrine. Antonio degli Albizzi died in
1627.
Giovanna degli Albizzi Tornabuoni (
1468 -
1488) was born in Florence. In
1486
Year 1486 ( MCDLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday.
Events
January–December
* January 18 – King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York are married, uniting the House of Lancaster and the House of York, after th ...
, at the age of 20, Giovanna married Lorenzo Tornabuoni. Giovanna's life was cut short when she died in 1488, likely due to complications related to childbirth. Giovanna is most famously depicted in a
portrait
A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face is always predominant. In arts, a portrait may be represented as half body and even full body. If the subject in full body better r ...
by the renowned Florentine painter
Domenico Ghirlandaio
Domenico di Tommaso Curradi di Doffo Bigordi (2 June 1448 – 11 January 1494), professionally known as Domenico Ghirlandaio (also spelt as Ghirlandajo), was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Florence. Ghirlandaio was part of the so-c ...
. Despite her brief life, Giovanna left a mark on Renaissance art and culture through her portraits. Giovanna is also depicted in Ghirlandaio's frescoes in the
Tornabuoni Chapel in
Santa Maria Novella, Florence. In these frescoes, she is shown in scenes such as the
Visitation, where her image serves as a memorial following her death.
[
Lucrezia di Matteo Albizzi Ricasoli was a Florentine patrician woman born likely in the last decade of the ]15th century
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian calendar dates from 1 January 1401 (represented by the Roman numerals MCDI) to 31 December 1500 (MD).
In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Re ...
. Her father was Matteo di Andrea degli Albizzi, and her mother was Nanna di Niccolò Tornabuoni. In 1513, Lucrezia married Filippo di Piergiovanni Ricasoli. After her husband's death, Lucrezia did not remarry and managed her household as a widow. Lucrezia had at least six children, including Matteo, Braccio, Maddalena, Piergiovanni, Alessandra, and Raffaello. Her correspondence primarily involved letters to her sons, particularly Matteo and Braccio.
As a widow, Lucrezia played an active role in the family business, coordinating the dispatch and sale of agricultural products, reporting to her sons, and managing the family’s finances. Her letters often reveal her frustrations with the financial difficulties her family faced, particularly with maintaining appearances and managing debts. Lucrezia likely began writing letters in her own hand relatively late in life, around the late 1530s
The 1530s decade ran from January 1, 1530, to December 31, 1539.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1530s
1530s, ...
, possibly in her forties. Before this, she mostly relied on delegate writers to compose letters on her behalf. Her first known autograph letter dates to 1539
__NOTOC__
Year 1539 ( MDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo is elected two a two year term as Doge of the Republic of Genoa ...
.
Francesco Albizzi ( 1593, Cesena
Cesena (; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy; and - with Forlì - is the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena. Served by Autostrada A14 (Italy), Autostrada A14, and located near the Apennine M ...
– 1684
Events January–March
* January 5
** King Charles II of England gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk, his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn.
** The earliest form of what is now the University of Tokyo (formally chartere ...
, Rome
Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
) was a cardinal. As a member of the Roman Inquisition
The Roman Inquisition, formally , was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Catholic Church, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes according ...
, he worked to increase the standards of jurisprudence in Rome and establish "rigorous standards of evidence and proof", particularly concerning alleged cases of witchcraft. At 90 years old, Francesco Albizzi died in Rome in 1683.
Eleonora degli Albizzi ( 1543 – 1634) was the daughter of Luigi degli Albizzi and Nannina Soderini. With the consent of her father, by 1565
Year 1565 ( MDLXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 3 – In the Tsardom of Russia, Ivan the Terrible originates the oprichnina (repression of the boyars (aristocrats) ...
, she became the mistress of Cosimo I de' Medici
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second and last duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death. Cosimo I succeeded his cousin to the duchy. ...
, the Grand Duke
Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly:
* in ...
of Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of 3,660,834 inhabitants as of 2025. The capital city is Florence.
Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its in ...
. In 1567 she had an illegitimate son with the Duke, Don Giovanni de' Medici. She died in 1634.
Filippo degli Albizzi was a Florentine naturalist from the 18th century
The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCI) to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions. Revolutions began to ch ...
on behalf of whom ''Albizia julibrissin
''Albizia julibrissin'', the Persian silk tree, pink silk tree, or mimosa tree, is a species of tree in the Fabaceae family, native to Western Asia, southwestern and East Asia, eastern Asia.
Taxonomy
It was introduced to Europe in the mid-18th ...
'' was named.
Sources
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* Magni, Isabella. “Chapter 7: Editing the Albiz Memorial Book”, ''Interpretation and Visual Poetics in Medieval and Early Modern Text: Essays on Early Modern Text in Honor of H. Wayne Storey'', 2021
Interpretation and Visual Poetics in Medieval and Early Modern Texts: Essays in Honor of H. Wayne Storey
* “Rinaldo degli Albizzi – the enemy of Cosimo the Elder”, ''Love From Tuscany.com''
Rinaldo degli Albizzi - the enemy of Cosimo the Elder
* Roff, Will. Albizzi Family, ''Florence As It Was'', February 2021
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Albizzi
Italian noble families
Families of Florence
Italian-language surnames
Wool trade