Al Faiz Family
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The family of Al Faiz (; ), also transliterated in a number of other ways, including Al Fa'iz, Al Fa'ez, Al Faez, or Al Fayez, is the oldest
Alid The Alids are those who claim descent from Ali ibn Abi Talib (; 600–661 CE), the fourth Rashidun caliph () and the first imam in Shia Islam. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The main branches are the ...
family of
Karbala Karbala is a major city in central Iraq. It is the capital of Karbala Governorate. With an estimated population of 691,100 people in 2024, Karbala is the second largest city in central Iraq, after Baghdad. The city is located about southwest ...
, which they have occupied, on some occasions ruled, and held custodianship of its holy sites, since 861. They are the descendants of
Ibrahim al-Mujab Sayyid Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Kāẓim () also known as Ibrāhīm al-Mujāb and al-Ḍarīr al-Kūfī, was the son of Muḥammad al-ʿĀbid, and grandson of Mūsā al-Kāẓim, the seventh Twelver Shia Imam.' He was the first Alid ...
, the 9th-century grandson of the seventh Shi'ite Imam,
Musa al-Kadhim Musa al-Kazim (; 745–799) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the seventh imam in Twelver Shia Islam. Musa is often known by the title al-Kazim (), apparently a reference to his patience and gentle disposition. He was born ...
. Their eponymous ancestor is considered to be Muhammad Abu al-Faiz, the 12th great-grandson of al-Mujab. In Karbala, the family holds a high prestige where they maintained the authority of the '' niqaba'' (supervision) of Karbala's
Sayyid ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer ...
s and the ''sidana'' (custodianship) of Karbala's holy sites numerous times over different periods. The family is currently known by the families of Al Tumah, Al Nasrallah, Al Dhiya al-Din, Al Tajir, Al Awj, and Al Sayyid Amin.


History


Alid settlement in Karbala

After
al-Mutawakkil Ja'far ibn al-Mu'tasim, Muḥammad ibn Harun al-Rashid, Hārūn al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh (); March 82211 December 861, commonly known by his laqab, regnal name al-Mutawwakil ala Allah (), was the tenth Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid caliph, rul ...
was killed in 861, the Alids found peace under his son,
al-Muntasir Abu Ja'far Muḥammad ibn Ja'far ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muntasir biʾLlāh (; November 837 – 7 June 862), better known by his regnal title al-Muntasir biʾLlāh (, "He who triumphs in God") was the caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from ...
, who helped keep them safe and protect them. The first known Alid to settle in Karbala was
Ibrahim al-Mujab Sayyid Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Kāẓim () also known as Ibrāhīm al-Mujāb and al-Ḍarīr al-Kūfī, was the son of Muḥammad al-ʿĀbid, and grandson of Mūsā al-Kāẓim, the seventh Twelver Shia Imam.' He was the first Alid ...
bin Muhammad al-Abid bin Musa al-Kadhim, also known as Taj al-Din Ibrahim al-Mujab''.''


Sidana and Niqaba

After the Alid's settled, al-Mujab took responsibilities for the two holy shrines, and through this became known as ' (custodian of) ''al-rawdhat'' (the shrines), i.e. the head role tending to the holy shrines of Husayn and Abbas, which is known as the ''sidana''. The sidana was passed down from al-Mujab to his eldest son, Muhammad, nicknamed ''al-Ha'iri'', as they lived in the Ha'ir (another name for Karbala), in 913. This then kept being passed on down as follows: * Ahmed Abu al-Tayyib (962–995) * Ali al-Majthoor (995–1029) * Ahmed al-Ha'iri (1029–1068) * Ibrahim al-Ha'iri (1068–1097) * After Ibrahim, a
sayyid ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer ...
from the descendants of
Ali Zayn al-Abidin Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until his assassination in 661, as well as the first Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib an ...
took the sidana, and later many different figures, until it returned to the descendants of al-Mujab with Muhammad Abu al-Faiz in 1259. In the late 10th century, the ''naqib'' (supervisor of) ''al-ashraf'' (the descendants of Muhammad) i.e. the head or supervisor of the descendants of the Islamic prophet
Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...
, which is known as the ''niqaba'', was established, in Karbala, during the
Buyid The Buyid dynasty or Buyid Empire was a Zaydi and later Twelver Shi'a dynasty of Daylamite origin. Founded by Imad al-Dawla, they mainly ruled over central and southern Iran and Iraq from 934 to 1062. Coupled with the rise of other Iranian dyna ...
era. Muhammad al-Husayni, a descendant of Zayn al-Abidin, took the niqaba and became the first naqib of the Ha'ir. After al-Husayni, Sharaf al-Din Ahmed, a descendant of al-Mujab took over as naqib in c. 985. His son, Ibrahim al-Ha'iri then took over in 1001, and then when he died in 1049, it went to other sayyids, until it returned to Muhammad Abu al-Faiz in 1259. It is also worthy to mention, that the niqaba and sidana in Karbala at some points in time, were merged, so whoever held the niqaba, would also be of the two holy shrines.


Tribal feud

By 1317, the
Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (), and known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (). The Ilkhanid realm was officially known ...
state was disintegrating. This left the Euphrates region without a stable government. Karbala then split into two factions, Al Faiz and Al Zuhayk. The Faiz tribe were descendants of Muhammad al-Abid bin Musa al-Kadhim, and the Zuhayk tribe were descendants of Ibrahim al-Asghar bin Musa al-Kadhim. The city witnessed a feud that lasted for nearly half a century. The famous Moroccan traveller,
Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta (; 24 February 13041368/1369), was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of 30 years from 1325 to 1354, he visited much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Iberian Peninsula. Near the end of his life, Ibn ...
, witnessed the unrest when he visited Karbala in 1326. Al Faiz is older in residence in Karbala, since Ibrahim al-Mujab moved to Karbala in 861 during the rule of al-Muntasir. Many branches of descendants were formed from al-Mujab, but it was Muhammad Abu al-Faiz that later stood out and became their patriarch in Karbala. One must also understand that, the feud began during the late life of Abu al-Faiz, meaning his tribe couldn't have consisted of just his descendants, but rather, he had united all of his cousins under his name. As for Al Zuhayk, they are named after their patriarch Yahya ''Zuhayk'', great-great-great-grandson of Abdullah al-Ha'iri, the naqib of the Talibids that moved to Karbala in the early 11th-century. All of the al-Asghar descendants had united under their cousin, Zheek's name. Al Zuhayk today is known by the families of Al Thabit, Al Daraj (later Al Naqib), and Al Wahab. The Al Eshaiker and Al Jolokhan families were cousins of Al Zuhayk, and also took under their name. Al Faiz believed that the ''niqaba'' of Karbala belonged to them because they were the older residing family, whilst Al Zuhayk believed it belonged to them because they previously held the niqaba of the Talibids of Iraq. Due to the continuous chaos as a result of the feud, as well as the destabilisation of the central government, a tribe, by the name of, Al Muhanna, claimed they wanted to end the unrest and used this excuse to invade Karbala in 1355. They took full control of the city and the holy sites''.'' Shihab al-Din Al Muhanna declared himself the naqib of the Ha'ir. When Al Faiz and Al Zuhayk realised what had happened, they decided to put aside their disputes, unite, and revolt against the invading al-Muhanna tribe. With their rebellion, they managed to oust the naqib, and exile him and his tribe, out of the city. The two tribes then formed an alliance, and decided they will split the roles between them, where Muhammad Sharaf al-Din, grandson of Abu al-Faiz, became governor of Karbala and , whilst Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, son of Yahya Zuhayk, became naqib. The two tribes also married from each other to further forge the two factions.


Dress

In the 9th century, the Alids of Karbala dressed in traditional Arabic garments (
turban A turban (from Persian language, Persian دولبند‌, ''dolband''; via Middle French ''turbant'') is a type of headwear based on cloth winding. Featuring many variations, it is worn as customary headwear by people of various cultures. Commun ...
,
thawb A thawb, also known as a dishdashah or a kandura in other varieties of Arabic, is a garment traditionally worn by men in the Arab world. It is a long-sleeved, ankle-length robe that has regional variations in name and style. It can be worn in f ...
and bisht) that came in various colours, although green was the more common colour. Later in 1372, Sultan Shaban introduced a kind of nobility with the privilege of wearing green turbans for the Alids; and to distinguish them from the Abbasid's black symbol. With the rise of the popularity of the fez in the 19th century, in
Ottoman Iraq Ottoman Iraq () refers to the period of the history of Mesopotamia, Iraq when the region was ruled by the Ottoman Empire (1534–1920; with an interlude from 1704 to 1831 From Independence under the Mamluk dynasty (Iraq), Mamluk state of Iraq).Bef ...
, Nasir Nasrallah imported fez's from
Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
, and green
shawl A shawl (from ''shāl'') is a simple item of clothing, loosely worn over the shoulders, upper body and arms, and sometimes also over the head. It is usually a rectangular piece of Textile, cloth, but can also be Square (geometry), square or tr ...
wool from England, and created what is now known as a ''kashida'' (a fez with a green scarf wrapped around it). The kashida along with a ''jubba'' (long coat with sleeves, similar to a
cassock The cassock, or soutane, is a Christian clerical clothing, clerical coat used by the clergy and Consecrated life, male religious of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, in addition to some clergy in ...
but without buttons), became the dress code of the Faizids, which was then adopted and turned into the official attire of the s and servants of the Husayn and Abbas shrines', and it quickly spread to the rest of the shrine cities of Iraq. The kashida's differ slightly between Karbala and other cities. In Karbala, the wrapped green scarf is much longer and takes up half of the fez, and it is wrapped in a way that overlaps, allowing the front side to be distinctive. However, in
Najaf Najaf is the capital city of the Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 is about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam an ...
, the wrap is shorter, but there is still an overlap, whilst in
Samarra Samarra (, ') is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. The modern city of Samarra was founded in 836 by the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim as a new administrative capital and mi ...
, it is much shorter, and there is no overlap in the wrap, forming a consistent line.


Figures

It is worthy to note that the notable figures of Al Faiz had the addition of ''al-Husayni'' (descendants of Husayn) to their name until the 16th century. This then changed to ''al-Musawi'' (descendants of
Musa Musa may refer to: Places *Mūša, a river in Lithuania and Latvia * Musa, Azerbaijan, a village in Yardymli Rayon * Musa, Iran, a village in Ilam province, Iran * Musa, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran * Musa Kalayeh, Gilan province, Iran * Abu M ...
) in the following centuries.


Muhammad Abu al-Faiz

He is:
Moḥammed Abu al-Faʾiz bin Abu al-Ḥassan ʿAli bin Aḥmed Jalal al-Din bin Abu Jaʿfar Moḥammed bin Abu Jaʿfar Moḥammed bin Abu Jaʿfar Najm al-Din al-Aswad bin Abu Jaʿfar Moḥammed bin ʿAli al-Ghareeq bin Moḥammed al-Khair bin Abu al-Ḥassan ʿAli al-Majthoor bin Abu al-Ṭayyib Aḥmed bin Moḥammed al-Ḥaʾiri bin Ibrahim al-Mujāb bin Moḥammed al-ʿAābid bin Musa al-Kāthim.
He is the progenitor of the Tumah, Nasrallah, Dhiya al-Din, Tajir, Awj and Sayyid Amin families. He is reported to have been a valiant and noble man, followed by the majority of the city. He was the one that united all of the branches from the descendants of al-Mujab, that resided in Karbala, under his name. Abu al-Faiz owned vast lands across Karbala and Shfatha. In 1259, under the rule of
Hulegu Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulagu; ; ; ; ( 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. As a son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ari ...
, he was made naqib and ruler of Karbala, at the behest of al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli. He died in c. 1317.


Ahmed Shams al-Din al-Faizi

He was the son of Abu al-Faiz. He was appointed Minister of Ras al-Ayn ( Ayn al-Tamr) in 1334 until his death in 1349. pp. 159–60.


Muhammad Sharaf al-Din al-Faizi

He was the son of Ahmed Shams al-Din. After the exile of the al-Muhanna tribe in the last third of the 14th-century, Muhammad was made ruler of Karbala. In 1393, when Timur Lang's forces, under the command of his son
Miran Shah Mirza Jalal-ud-din Miran Shah Beg (1366 – 20 April 1408), commonly known as Miran Shah (), was a son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. During his father's reign, Miran Shah was initially a powerful regio ...
, defeated Ahmed Jalayir, they entered Karbala, to which they were met with its noblemen, headed by Muhammad who was ruling the city. Just before the Timurid invasion, the , Shaykh Ali al-Khazin, had died, Miran saw that the most appropriate person to hold the sidana was Muhammad, so he appointed him as of the Husayn and Abbas shrines', in 1393. In 1412, tensions grew between the Alid and non-Alid tribes as to the matters of the shrines'. For this reason Muhammad formed a number of groups, each representing a tribe, and designated a ''sarkoshk'' (leading minister) to lead each group.


Tumah I Kamal al-Din al-Faizi

He was the son of Ahmed III Abu Tiraas, the son of Yahya Dhiya al-Din, the son of Muhammad Sharaf al-Din. In 1423, Tumah I assumed the niqaba of the
ashraf Sharīf or Sherif (, 'noble', 'highborn'), also spelled shareef, feminine sharīfa (), plural ashrāf (), shurafāʾ (), or (in the Maghreb) shurfāʾ, is a title used to designate a person descended, or claiming to be descended, from the famil ...
of Karbala, as well as the sidana of the Husayn and Abbas shrines' at the behest of the governor of Baghdad, Shah Muhammad, of the
Black Sheep In the English language, black sheep is an idiom that describes a member of a group who is different from the rest, especially a family member who does not fit in. The term stems from sheep whose fleece is colored black rather than the more comm ...
Turcomen tribe. Tumah died in 1442.


Sharaf al-Din al-Faizi

He was the son of Tumah I. Sharaf al-Din took the niqaba and sidana after his father, died in 1442, during the Black Sheep monarchy, and carried on during the White Sheep monarchy. He passed down the niqaba and sidana to his son, Yahya, in 1493. He died in 1500. Iraqi historian, Dr. Imad Rauf in his book, ''al-Usar al-Hakima'', mentions he holds a document that has both Sharaf al-Din's name and Sultan Yaqub's, dated from 1455.


Yahya al-Faizi

He was the son of Sharaf al-Din. In 1493, Yahya took charge of the niqaba and sidana after his father. He died in 1536.


Taj al-Din al-Faizi

He was the son of Tumah I. After the death of his nephew, Yahya in 1536, Taj al-Din took charge of the niqaba and sidana. He was naqib and until his death in 1556.


Alam al-Din al-Faizi

He was the son of Tumah II, the son of Sharaf al-Din. In 1573, the
Sublime Porte The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte ( or ''Babıali''; ), was a synecdoche or metaphor used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. It is particularly referred to the buildi ...
issued a
firman A firman (; ), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state. During various periods such firmans were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The English word ''firman'' co ...
, appointing Alam al-Din as the minister of Charitable Endowments of Karbala. In November, 1589, he signed a power of attorney over all of his possessions to his son, Jameel; the document was witnessed by Muhammad-Ali al-Eshaiker and four other noblemen. He died in 1598.


Nasrallah al-Faizi

He was the son of Husayn, the son of Ali, the son of Yunis, the son of Jameel, the son of Alam al-Din.
Nasrallah Nasrallah () is a masculine given name, commonly found in the Arabic language and is used by Muslims, Christians, and other Arabs. It may also be transliterated as Nasralla, Nasrollah, Nasrullah, and Al-Nasrallah. Bearing the surname often ind ...
was a senior
jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal education in law (a law degree) and often a Lawyer, legal prac ...
, teacher, poet, author and
annalist Annalists (from Latin ''annus'', year; hence ''annales'', sc. ''libri'', annual records), were a class of writers on Roman history, the period of whose literary activity lasted from the time of the Second Punic War to that of Sulla. They wrote t ...
. He was the patriarch of the Nasrallah family.


Mehdi al-Faizi

He was the son of Hasan, the son of Mansur, the son of Nasir al-Din, the son of Yunis, the son of Jameel, the son of Alam al-Din. He was made of the Husayn shrine in 1752, until his death in 1790.


Muhammad-Ali 'Abu Ridin' al-Faizi

He was the son of Muhammad-Musa, the son of Darwish, the son of Sharaf al-Din III, the son of Abbas, the son of Hashim, the son of Muhammad, the son of Sharaf al-Din (''naqib'' and '). He was named ''Abu Ridin'' () as he used to wear a unique
cassock The cassock, or soutane, is a Christian clerical clothing, clerical coat used by the clergy and Consecrated life, male religious of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, in addition to some clergy in ...
-like dress, similar to ones worn by knights and leaders. When Muhammad-Ali Tumah abandoned the sidana to become vice governor of Karbala in 1821, Abu Ridin was assigned as of the Husayn shrine, at the behest of his father-in-law, the naqib, Husayn Daraj al-Naqib. However, when the governor of Baghdad, Dawud Pasha returned from the Ottoman-Persian war, he replaced Abu Ridin with Wahab Tumah in 1823. Abu Ridin had a large role in the Battle of Menakhur in 1826, and because of the Karbalaeis victory over the Ottomans, he was reinstated in August 1826. He died in 1829.


Al Tumah

Al Tumah (; ) branched off Tumah III al-Faizi. They own the famous muqata'a ''Fidan al-Sada'' which Tumah III endowed to his descendants on September 26, 1616, after it was granted to him by Sheikh Ahmed al-Nahawi. It is worthy to note that, it is a
khairi Khairi is a village of Tehsil Mirpur, Pakistan. It is split into Upper Khairi and Lower Khairi and has the population of around 300. The surrounding villages are called Sarthalla, Mehra and Muri. References Populated places in Mirpur Distr ...
endowment, i.e. devoted to a charitable purpose from its inception, rather than for the benefit of his descendants. The family held custodianship of the Husayn shrine numerously throughout the last four centuries. It is currently one of the largest Alid families in Karbala. The family branched into five clans: * Al Wahab * Al Mustafa (from this clan branched out Al Qotob, Al Fathallah and Al Urzuq) * Al Darwish (from this clan branched out Al Killidar, Al Sarkhadamah, and Al Rozekhan) * Al Muhammad (from this clan branched out Al Shurufi and Al Khemgeh) * Al Jawad


Notable members

* Khalifah bin Nimatullah (died 1697) was the grandson of Tumah III, he became the first of the descendants of Tumah III to hold the niqaba of Karbala, and this was in 1680. His grandson, Abbas also became naqib in 1773, but he died two months later. * Muhammad bin Jafar was the of the Abbas shrine in 1834 until 1838. * Wahab bin Muhammad-Ali (1801–1846) was the governor of Karbala and of the Husayn shrine from 1823 until 1826, and then reinstated in 1831 until 1842. He was also the of the Abbas shrine from 1826 until 1829. A plague epidemic in Iraq led to his death on August 29, 1846. * Jawad al-Killidar bin Hasan (died 1891) was the of the Husayn shrine in 1875 until his death in 1891. His descendants took his epithet - ''al-Killidar'' (holder of the key) - as their family name, and are known as ''al-Killidar'' or ''al-Killidar Tumah''. * Ali bin Jawad al-Killidar (died 1900) was the of the Husayn shrine in 1891 until his death in 1900. * Muhammad-Hassan bin Kadhim (1864–1945) was a religious scholar and orator. He was a leader in the
Iraqi revolt The Iraqi Revolt of 1920, also known as the Iraqi War of Independence or Great Iraqi Revolution began in Baghdad in the summer of 1920 with mass demonstrations by Iraqis, including protests by embittered officers from the old Ottoman Army, agai ...
of 1920, and the first person to raise the Arab (Iraqi) flag over Karbala's civic centre, causing his arrest by the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
. He was freed at the behest of a senior cleric. He died whilst on pilgrimage to Imam Ridha in
Mashhad Mashhad ( ; ), historically also known as Mashad, Meshhed, or Meshed in English, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. ...
, in 1945, and his corpse was returned and buried in Karbala. * Abd al-Husayn bin Ali al-Killidar (1881–1961) was the of the Husayn shrine in 1900, until he passed it down to his son, Abd al-Salih in 1927. He was also an author, and wrote a number of books, including ''Baghiyat al-Nubala Fi Tarikh Karbala'' and ''Nash'at al-Adyan al-Samawiya''. * Dr. Abd al-Jawad bin Ali al-Killidar (1892–1959) was a doctor in Islamic history, and authored a number of books on the history of Karbala, including ''Tarikh Karbala'' and ''Ha'ir al-Husayn''. He founded the ''al-Ahrar'' newspaper in the 1930s. * Abd al-Razzaq bin Abd al-Wahaab al-Wahaab (1895–1958) was a distinguished writer and publisher, most famous for his three volume book, ''Karbala Fi al-Tarikh'' (Karbala in History). * Abd al-Saleh bin Abd al-Husayn al-Killidar (1911–2005) was a of the Husayn shrine in 1930 until he retired in 1981. * Muhammad-Hassan bin Mustafa al-Killidar (1913–1995) was a celebrated author, most famous for his book ''Madinat al-Husayn'' (City of Hussain) which narrates a great deal of detail about the history of Karbala in numerous volumes. He was an advocate for women's rights, and issued a chain of articles titled 'The necessity of liberating women according to Islam'. * Dr. Saleh bin Jawad (born 1929) is a doctor of Arabic and Comparative Literature. He is professor emeritus of East Asian Languages and Cultures at
Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a state university system, system of Public university, public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. The system has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration o ...
, and has been associated with the university since 1964. * Dr. Salman bin Hadi (born 1935) is a renowned author and poet. He is a graduate of Baghdad University's college of education, with many leading books on the history and culture of Karbala, as well as its notable figures. * Dr. Adnan bin Jawad (born 1941) is a doctor in Language. He is a professor at
Philipps-Universität Marburg The Philipps University of Marburg () is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protes ...
. He has authored a number of books and publications, focusing on Arabic calligraphy and religious manuscripts. * Adel bin Abd al-Saleh al-Killidar (born 1942) was the of the Husayn shrine in 1981 until 1991. He was studying for his PhD in
Cairo Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ...
in 1979, however he left it to attend to his duty as , at the behest of his father. * Dr. Mustafa bin Sadiq is a Clinical Associate Professor at
UBC The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a Public university, public research university with campuses near University of British Columbia Vancouver, Vancouver and University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, in British Columbia, Canada ...
and is a Heart Failure/Heart Transplant cardiologist at St. Paul’s Hospital. He completed his Internal Medicine and Cardiology training at the
University of Alberta The University of Alberta (also known as U of A or UAlberta, ) is a public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford, the first premier of Alberta, and Henry Marshall Tory, t ...
and his Heart Transplant fellowship at the
Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic is an American Nonprofit organization, nonprofit Academic health science center, academic Medical centers in the United States, medical center based in Cleveland, Ohio. Owned and operated by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, an O ...
. He subsequently completed a Master of Science in Clinical Epidemiology at the
Harvard School of Public Health The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school at Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. It was named after Hong Kong entrepreneur Chan Tseng-hsi in 2014 following a US$350 ...
. He is the Director of the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at St. Paul's Hospital in
Vancouver Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the cit ...
. * Dr. Husayn bin Ali al-Killidar is a pulmonologist in Woodstown, and is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Cooper University Health Care-Camden and Salem Medical Centre. He received his medical degree from University of Baghdad College of Medicine and has been in practice for more than 20 years.


Al Nasrallah

Al Nasrallah (; ) branched off Nasrallah al-Faizi. They own vast lands across Ayn al-Tamur and Karbala. Their grandfather Yunis al-Faizi excelled in business, and managed to purchase the muqata'a ''Maal Yunis'' which extended from the borders of Arba' Nahran to al-Jayya to Umm al-'Agareeg in Bab al-Salalma. He endowed his muqata'a to his descendants for their benefit. The family at some point held custodianship of the Husayn and Abbas shrines, and is the only Alid family that had the right to serve in both shrines. It is also the only Alid family to have three designated crypts in the Husayn shrine, the first is behind the grave of Ibrahim al-Mujab, opposite the Royal Qajari crypt, the second is besides the ''qatlgah'' (place where Husayn was slaughtered), and the third is near the tomb of Husayn's companions. It is also one of the largest Alid families in Karbala. The family branched into five clans: * Al Muhammad * Al Ahmed * Al Tawil * Al Salih * Al Muhammad-Ali


Notable members

* Jawad bin Kathim (died 1808) was the of the Husayn shrine after the
sack A sack usually refers to a rectangular-shaped bag. Sack may also refer to: Bags * Flour sack * Gunny sack * Hacky sack, sport * Money sack * Paper sack * Sleeping bag * Stuff sack * Knapsack Other uses * Bed, a slang term * Sack (band), ...
of Karbala, in 1802 until his death in 1808. * Ali al-Tawil bin Jawad (died 1851) was the of the Husayn shrine after his father Jawad, upon the royal decree issued by Sulayman Pasha, from 1808 until he was replaced on the orders of Fath Ali Qajar in 1810, because he was allegedly too young. His descendants took his epithet - ''al-Tawil'' (the tall) - as their family name, and are known as 'al-Tawil' or 'al-Tawil Nasrallah'. * Ahmed bin Nasrallah (died 1872) was the of the Abbas shrine after 1863 until before 1868. * Ali bin Ahmed was a custodian of the Imam Husayn shrine, and a co-founder of the Coalition Party () in 1907, that sought to challenge the Ottoman government in Iraq, and eventually topple it. * Baqir bin Salih (died 1886) was an Islamic
missionary A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group who is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Thoma ...
, that played a big role in the conversion of many of Talafar to Shia Islam. He was known to have a remarkable level of physical strength, it is narrated on the account of Sayyid Ibrahim al-Isfahani in Sayyid Muhammad al-Hindi an-Najafi's ''kashkool'' (diary), that "Sayyid Baqir was known for his exceptional strength, for he would stand on one leg on the edge of a well, and no man would be able to push him into the well.". * Muhammad bin Sultan (died 1901) also known as ''Hammoud'', was head of the traders of Karbala in the Ottoman era, before the introduction of the chamber of commerce. He was an affluent man, and owned a whole parade along Bayn al-Haramayn. He was married to Amna Thabit, the granddaughter of Muhammad-Ali Thabit, the 10th of the Abbas shrine, as well as the great-granddaughter of
Dowlatshah Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah (; 5 January 1789, in Nava – 22 November 1821, in Taq-e Gara) was a famous Iranian Prince of the Qajar dynasty. He is also the progenitor of the Dowlatshahi family of Persia. He was born at Nava, in Mazandaran, ...
. * Hassan bin Muhammad (1881–1959) was an activist, and affluent businessman. He was a member of the High Council of Military Affairs during the Iraqi revolt of 1920. He continued his activism in Iraqi Renaissance Party until it was disbanded in the late 1920s. * Hashem bin Husayn (died 1959) was a socialite, and political activist. He was active in his resistance to the British in the 1920 revolt, and worked closely with Muhammad Sa'id al-Habboubi. He later became the representative of grand Ayatollah Hakim in Karbala. After his death, his brother, Sayyid Rasheed became the representative of Hakim. * Dr. Murtadha bin Nasir (1922–2005) was a doctor of law, he worked as a professor at the
University of Baghdad The University of Baghdad (UOB) (, also known as Baghdad University) is a public university, public research university in Baghdad, Iraq. It is the largest university in Iraq and the tenth largest in the Arab world. History The College of Isl ...
's business school. He was a celebrated author, writing some of the leading books on corporation law. * Hashem bin Hassan (1923–1997) was the chairman of the Karbala Chamber of Commerce for six terms from 1959 to 1969. He supervised ''al-Iqtisad'' magazine that issued its first magazine on 15 July 1960. He founded the Chamber's library in 1963. * Dr. Hadi bin Ibrahim al-Tawil (born 1932) is a physician, graduated from Istanbul Medical School in 1956, specialising in paediatrics and radiology. Over his extensive career, he held pivotal roles in Karbala and Baghdad's healthcare system, including at Al-Hussein Hospital, Al-Abbas Clinic, and later as Director of the Arab Children's Hospital and Saddam Hussein Central Hospital (now Al-Iskan Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital). After retiring, he ran a private clinic before relocating to the USA due to safety concerns during Iraq’s turbulent period. * Muhammad-Husayn bin Muhammad-Ali (born 1951) is a
judge A judge is a person who wiktionary:preside, presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel. In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other Evidence (law), evidence presented by the barris ...
,
prosecutor A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in states with either the adversarial system, which is adopted in common law, or inquisitorial system, which is adopted in Civil law (legal system), civil law. The prosecution is the ...
, and served as the president of the courts of appeal in four different Iraqi provinces, as well as a general Judicial Supervisor. He is currently the chief of the Nasrallah family. * Dr.
Hasan bin Ali Hasan ibn Ali (; 2 April 670) was an Alid political and religious leader. The eldest son of Ali and Fatima and a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Hasan briefly ruled as Rashidun caliph from January 661 until August 661. He is cons ...
(born 1951) is a doctor of internal medicine, and the dean of the Medical College of the
University of Karbala The University of Karbala (UoK) is a university located in the city of Karbala, Iraq. The university was founded in 2002. The university has an impact role in the academic research. Colleges *College of Medicine *College of Dentistry *College of ...
. He completed his primary studies in the Hashemiyah School in 1963, and his secondary studies in Baghdad College in 1968. He graduated from the University of Baghdad in 1974 with a degree in medicine. He received a diploma in internal medicine from the same university in 1987. He obtained Arab Board certification in Internal Medicine at
Yarmouk University Yarmouk University (), also abbreviated YU, is a comprehensive public and state supported university located near the city centre of Irbid in northern Jordan. Since its establishment in 1976, it has been at the forefront of Jordanian and Middle E ...
in 1988. He has served as a specialist doctor at the Husayni Hospital since 1988, and held numerous positions there, including director of the hospital between 1994–95 and 2003–05. * Abd al-Saheb bin Nasir (born 1953) was the of the Husayn shrine from 1992 to 2003. He is also an author with many published books, mostly about the history and culture of Karbala. * Dr. Hashim bin Muhammad al-Tawil (born 1955) is a doctor of art history, he is the Tenured Professor and Chair of Art History Area Studies at Henry Ford College, Dearborn, MI. He has also been an advisory board member at the Arab Cultural Studies Program in Henry Ford College since 2011, and a board of directors member in the Asian & Islamic Art Forum of the Detroit Institute of Arts since 2006. * Aref bin Muhammad (born 1958) is a social activist, he is the chairman of the al-Wala' wal-Fida' wal-Fath Association. He is currently the director of Ayatollah Shirazi's public relations office in Iraq. * Dr. Salam bin Abd al-Husayn (born 1981) is a consultant Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and liver transplant surgeon at the
Royal Free Hospital The Royal Free Hospital (also known as the Royal Free) is a major teaching hospital in the Hampstead area of the London Borough of Camden. The hospital is part of the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, which also runs services at Barnet Ho ...
, specialising in complex liver, gallbladder, and pancreatic conditions, including cancer and hernias. A graduate of
Oxford University Medical School Oxford University School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences is the medical school of the University of Oxford in the city of Oxford, England. It is a component of the Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Medical Sciences Division, an ...
, he completed groundbreaking research during his PhD, published in
Nature Nature is an inherent character or constitution, particularly of the Ecosphere (planetary), ecosphere or the universe as a whole. In this general sense nature refers to the Scientific law, laws, elements and phenomenon, phenomena of the physic ...
. Recognised internationally, he received the
Medawar Medal The British Transplant Society (BTS) awards the Medawar Medal each year for the best clinical and scientific research presentations by a scientist or doctor. The Medawar medal is the most prestigious award that the society can offer, is highly com ...
and was named a Rising Star by the International Liver Transplantation Society in 2017. With over a decade of experience, he has performed more than 3,500 surgeries.


Al Dhiya al-Din

Al Dhiya al-Din (; ) branched off Dhiya al-Din al-Faizi. They own lands in ''Umm Ramila'' in Shfatha, and in Karbala, they own the famous ''Dhway'' grove'','' which they were on some occasions named after. In 1799, the grove was endowed by Yahya, to his son, Dhiya al-Din and his descendants, for the benefit of the Husayn Shrine. In 1953, it was purchased by the city council, and made a public park. The family held the custodianship of the Abbas shrine numerous times throughout the 20th century.


Notable members

* Husayn bin Muhammad-Ali (died 1871) was the of the Abbas shrine in 1868 until his death in 1871. * Mustafa bin Husayn (died 1879) was the of the Abbas shrine after his father's death, until his death in 1879. * Murtadha bin Mustafa (1869–1938) was the of the Abbas shrine after his father's death, until his death in 1938. When his father died, he was still too young to take on the duty of the sidana, so it was held by Muhammad-Mehdi Tumah until he was reported to the governor of Baghdad, Abd al-Rahman Pasha. Abd al-Rahman reinstated Murtadha, upon receiving the news. He also issued a firman to solidify Murtadha's position, however, his uncle Abbas Dhiya al-Din took responsibility, until Murtadha came of age, as he was only ten years old. * Muhammad-Hassan bin Murtadha (died 1953) was the of the Abbas shrine after his father's death in 1938. * Badr al-Din bin Muhammad-Hassan (died 1985), also known as ''Badri'', was the of the Abbas shrine after his father's death in 1953. He retired from his responsibilities in 1982. * Muhammad-Husayn bin Mehdi was the of the Abbas shrine in 1982 until 1991. * Ahmed bin Abbod (died 2015) was a renowned merchant. He opened a number of businesses in ''mulk'' (parade) Al Nasrallah. He is the first person to bring the
radio Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3  hertz (Hz) and 300  gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connec ...
and television to Karbala.  He was known as ''balur'' (crystal) because he owned a large crystal store. He was the chief of the Dhiya al-Din family until his death. * Mustafa bin Murtadha is the current secretary-general of the Abbas shrine, since 2022. * Dr. Alaa bin Ahmed (born 1965) is the Director of the Imam Husayn Museum and has served as Deputy Secretary-General of the Imam Husayn Shrine since 2022. He earned a PhD with distinction from the University of Babylon in 2021 for his thesis on "The Aesthetics of Panoramic Composition," which integrates virtual reality to depict the events of Karbala.


Al Tajir

Al Tajir (; ) branched off Ali 'al-Tajir' al-Faizi. Ali was named ''al-Tajir'' (the merchant), due to his frequent travels to East Asia for trade. The family owns farms known as ''Umm al-Sudan'' in
mahala is an Arabic word variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, Western Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. History Historically, mahallas were autonomous social ins ...
t Al Faiz (now known as al-Hayabi), that Hassan al-Tajir endowed to his descendants in 1680. The family served in the holy Husayn and Abbas shrines'.


Notable members

* Muhammad bin Ali was the sarkoshk of the Ha'iri group of custodians of the two shrines in the late 19th century. * Ali bin Muhammad-Ali (born 1962) is a painter and art historian. He studied at the College of Fine Arts at the University of Baghdad, ultimately earning a master's degree in drawing. He is currently a celebrated artist with his award-winning series, ‘Babylon’, which fuses scenes from daily urban life in Iraq with symbolic characters and objects.


Al Awj

Al Awj (; ) branched off Muhsin Awj al-Faizi, who branched off Msa'id al-Faizi. They have a partful ownership in Tumah III's Fidan al-Sada muqata'a. They also own parts of the farms known as ''Maal al-Saghir'', in mahalat Al Faiz, endowed in 1847 and ''Maal Ju'an'', near mahalat Al Faiz, endowed in 1853. The family served in the holy Husayn and Abbas shrines'.


Notable members

* Abd al-Amir bin Jawad (1958–2011) was an author and poet. He obtained a BSc in Project Planning and Management and pursued a career in writing and journalism. He has authored numerous books, including leading books on genealogy and Islamic folklore. He disappeared in 2011, and has been missing since.


Al Sayyid Amin (Jolokhan)

Al Sayyid Amin (; ) branched off Muhammad-Amin al-Faizi, also known as Sayyid Amin al-Faizi. They also own lands in Ayn al-Tamur that Muhammad-Amin endowed to his descendants in 1703. The family have an official Ottoman firman confirming this. The family served in the holy Husayn and Abbas shrines'. In the late 19th century, they became known as Al Jolokhan al-Faizi, as there was a large open space near where they lived, and in Persian it was known as a ''jolokhan'' (). They are not to be mistaken by Al Jolokhan from Al Zuhayk, who also lived near the ''jolokhan'', in Bab al-Taag.


Notable members

* Murtadha bin Baqir was a nobleman and leader. He was a celebrated warrior during the Battle of Menakhur in 1826. He headed the Bab al-Mukhayyam battalion, and managed to keep the Ottomans out of the city for most of the battle. * Muhammad bin Baqir was a member of the board of governors of Karbala in 1885 until 1889. * Muhammad bin Muhammad-Ali (1928–2007) was a renowned cleric and orator. He was the maternal grandson of
grand Ayatollah Marja (; plural ''marājiʿ''; ) is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Sh ...
Muhammad-Husayn al-Shahrestani. * Hasan bin Muhammad-Ali (1934–2023) was a theatrical producer, director, and actor. His theatrical career started in the 1940s, and by 1960, headed the theatrical movement in Karbala.


Family Tree

Sources:


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faiz, al- History of Karbala Arab dynasties Iraqi families Iraqi noble families Al Faiz family