Aḥmad ibn ʿĪsā ibn Zayd (

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

: أحمد بن عیسی بن زید; born 774 or later – died 854 or 861)

Islamic theologian Schools of Islamic theology are various Islamic schools and branches in different schools of thought regarding creed. The main schools of Islamic theology include the extant Mu'tazili, Ash'ari, Maturidi, and Athari schools; the extinct ones i ...

Hadith scholar Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, a literature typically thought in Islam, Islamic religion to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. A major area of ...

and Faqih, was the grandson of

Zayd ibn Ali Zayd ibn ʿAlī (; 695–740), also spelled Zaid, was the son of Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, and great-grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib. He led an unsuccessful revolt against the Umayyad Caliphate, in which he died. The event gave rise to t ...

, one of the famous

Alids The Alids are those who claim descent from Ali ibn Abi Talib (; 600–661 CE), the fourth Rashidun caliph () and the first imam in Shia Islam. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The main branches are th ...

of the early

Abbasid Caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes ...

and one of the famous

Zaydiyyah Zaydism () is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, with the other two being Twelverism ...

scholars who lived most of his life on the run. His kunya was Abū ʿAbd Allāh and his nickname was Al-Mukhtafī (). His father ʿĪsā Mu'tam al-Ashbal ibn Zayd is considered as the 13th

Imām Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religi ...

of Zaydiyyā. Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd's sixty years of secret life is proof of the nickname given to him. Narrated

hadith Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ...

s and

jurisprudential Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be. It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values ...

theories of Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd have been collected by Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi in the book of ''Amaali Ahmad ibn Isa va Uluma Aal Muhammad'' ('', The prospects of Ahmad ibn Isa and the sciences of the family of

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

'') and have always been considered as a primary source by

Zaydi Zaydism () is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, with the other two being Twelverism ...

scholars and narrators.

Life and lineage

Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd's birth has been reported 774 AD or 775 AD or 776 AD or even onwards (157 AH or 158 AH or 159 AH or even onwards). But according to some sources, in response to Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi's question about his age, Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd stated that he was born in 774 AD (157 AH). His mother, Atikah, was the daughter of Fadl ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abbas ibn Rabi'ah ibn Harith ibn

Abd al-Muttalib Shayba ibn Hāshim (; ), better known as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, () was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation and grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Early life His father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,Muhammad ibn Sa ...

. His father Isa Mu'tam al-Ashbal, was one of the sons of

, the son of

Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Sajjad (, – 712), also known as Zayn al-Abidin () was the great-grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the fourth imam in Shia Islam, succeeding his father, Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle, Hasan ibn Ali, and his gr ...

, and great-grandson of

Ali ibn Abi Talib Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until Assassination of Ali, his assassination in 661, as well as the first imamate in Shia doctrine, Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muha ...

. Isa Mu'tam al-Ashbal, along with

Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al- Ḥasan al-Muthannā ibn al- Ḥasan al-Mujtabā ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib or Muḥammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya (), was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through his daughter Fati ...

and his brother Ibrahim, took part in the anti-Abbasid uprisings and it was from this period that he was persecuted. Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd was apparently born in

Kufa Kufa ( ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates, Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Along with Samarra, Karbala, Kadhimiya ...

, when he was a child his father died, so he did not get the opportunity to hear

s from his father to narrate. His father died when Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd was eleven years old.

After the death of the father

After the death of Ahmad's father, a person named Sabbah Za'farani took Ahmad and his brother Zayd to one of the

Abbasid caliphs The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The family came ...

named

Al-Mahdi Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Manṣūr (; 744 or 745 – 785), better known by his regnal name al-Mahdī (, "He who is guided by God"), was the third Abbasid Caliph who reigned from 775 to his death in 785. He succeeded his ...

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

. Al-Mahdi took them under his tutelage. They both grew up in the government apparatus until Muhammad Amin was killed and the caliphate was disrupted in Baghdad. Zayd had already died of an illness, and Ahmad took the opportunity to flee. According to another narration, the person who took Ahmad and his brother Zayd to

was called Ibn Alaq Seirafi, and Ahmad and Zayd went to

Medina Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ...

with the permission of Al-Mahdi, and Zayd died there, and Ahmad was there for a while. It was not until the early caliphate of

Harun al-Rashid Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad ar-Rāshīd (), or simply Hārūn ibn al-Mahdī (; or 766 – 24 March 809), famously known as Hārūn al-Rāshīd (), was the fifth Abbasid caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from September 786 unti ...

(the fifth Abbasid Caliph) that the caliph was informed that a group of

Zaydis Zaydism () is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, with the other two being Twelverism a ...

had gathered around Ahmad, so he ordered that Ahmad be arrested and imprisoned.

Narratives of his escape

According to

Ya'qubi ʾAbū al-ʿAbbās ʾAḥmad bin ʾAbī Yaʿqūb bin Ǧaʿfar bin Wahb bin Waḍīḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (died 897/8), commonly referred to simply by his nisba al-Yaʿqūbī, was an Arab Muslim geographer. Life Ya'qubi was born in Baghdad to a fam ...

imprisoned Ahmad in Rafaqa (a palace in

Raqqa Governorate Raqqa Governorate (, Kurdish: ''Parêzgeha Reqa'') is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in the north of the country and covers an area of 19,618 km2. The capital is Raqqa. The Islamic State of Iraq and Levant claim ...

) in 804 AD (188 AH). After a while, Ahmad fled to

Basra Basra () is a port city in Iraq, southern Iraq. It is the capital of the eponymous Basra Governorate, as well as the List of largest cities of Iraq, third largest city in Iraq overall, behind Baghdad and Mosul. Located near the Iran–Iraq bor ...

and corresponded with the

Shiites Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood ...

and invited them to himself. Harun al-Rashid sent for him, but could not arrest him. Harun al-Rashid imprisoned Ahmad's agent, who his name was Hazer. Hazer swore not to show Ahmad's hideout, so he was crucified on Harun al-Rashid's order. Elsewhere it is stated that

summoned Ahmad and Qasim ibn Ali ibn Umar ibn Ali ibn Husayn from

Hejaz Hejaz is a Historical region, historical region of the Arabian Peninsula that includes the majority of the western region of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Al Bahah, Al-B ...

. And imprisoned them under the supervision of

Al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi Al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi (, 757/8–823/4), was one of the most influential officials of the Abbasid Caliphate in the reigns of Harun al-Rashid () and al-Amin (), whom he served as chamberlain and chief minister. Fadl played an important role as the chi ...

. After a while, they both escaped with the help of a group of

. Ahmad hid for a while in the house of a person named Muhammad ibn Ibrahim in

, and when

found out about him, Ahmad went to

and Harun al-Rashid could not capture him.

Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Iṣfahānī (), also known as Abul-Faraj, (full form: Abū al-Faraj ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥaytham al-Umawī al-Iṣfahānī) (897–967Common Era, CE / 284–356Islamic calendar, AH) w ...

narrated the story of Hazer but said that Hazer was killed not in the time of

but in the time of the

because he did not show the hideout of Isa Mu'tam al-Ashbal, father of Ahmad. However,

mentioned a narration that indicates the connection between Ahmad and Hazer in

and the surrounding areas of

Ahvaz Ahvaz (; ) is a city in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is home to Persians, Arabs and other groups such as Qashqai and Kurds. Languages spok ...

. It is narrated that

ordered to capture them and taken to him.

Al-Dhahabi Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī (), also known as Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348) was an Atharism, Athari ...

quoted

Al-Mada'ini Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Sayf al-Qurashi (; 752/753–843), commonly known by his al-Mada'ini (), was a scholar of Iranian descent who wrote in Arabic and was active under the early Abbasids in Iraq in the first half ...

as saying that

was informed in 801 AD (185 AH) that Ahmad began an uprising in

Ibadan Ibadan (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and most populous city of Oyo State, in Nigeria. It is the List of Nigerian cities by population, third-largest city by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano (city), Kano, with a total populatio ...

Al-Qadi al-Nu'man Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥayyūn al-Tamīmiyy (, generally known as al-Qāḍī al-Nu‘mān () or as ibn Ḥayyūn () (died 974 CE/363 AH) was an Isma'ili jurist and the official historian of ...

has elaborated on the narration of Ahmad's departure in

, a narration that contradicts what has been said about Ahmad before. He narrated that in 801 AD (185 AH),

ordered the arrest of Ahmad, who was launching an uprising against the

caliph A caliphate ( ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with Khalifa, the title of caliph (; , ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of ...

, and at that time Ahmad was active in

and the surrounding areas of

along with the son of Idris ibn Abd Allah al-Mahad. Harun al-Rashid's envoy, named Abu al-Saj, cunningly captured Ahmad and Idris' son, but the two fled and hid in

, after which they went to

. According to

, Ahmad returned to Basra and lived there in hiding until his death. In a narration mentioned by Mahali, when Ahmad ibn Isa fled to Basra, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Ghallabi heard from him that when Harun al-Rashid was pursuing for the

Alawites Alawites () are an Arab ethnoreligious group who live primarily in the Levant region in West Asia and follow Alawism, a sect of Islam that splintered from early Shia as a ''ghulat'' branch during the ninth century. Alawites venerate Ali ...

Al-Qasim al-Rassi Al-Qāsim ibn Ibrāhīm Ṭabāṭabā ibn Ismāʿīl al-Dībādj ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ghamr ibn al-Ḥasan al-Muthannā ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ar-Rassī (; 785–860) was a 9th-century religious leader in the Arabian Peninsula. He ...

fled to

Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...

, Abd Allah ibn Musa ibn Abd Allah ibn Hasan ibn Hasan fled to

Levant The Levant ( ) is the subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political term, Middle East, ''Middle East''. In its narrowest sense, which is in use toda ...

and Ahmad himself fled to Ray. After the death of

(809 AD, 193 AH), these three persons came together during the

Hajj Hajj (; ; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for capable Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetim ...

pilgrimage and each of them told their own story. At this time, Ahmad explained that he had been living secretly for many years in the area of Varzanin in the Ray County, changing his name to 'Abu Hafas Jassaas' and marrying a woman. Ahmad's son, Muhammad, also married a woman from Banu Abd al-Qays tribe there and had a child named Ali. In 834 AD (219 AH), Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd pledged allegiance to

at the house of Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi in

. These two narrations, which have been reported by

sources, can remove some of the ambiguity in other narrations about Ahmad's life during the years of concealment. Based on these, it can be said that Ahmad spent a long time in Ray and other areas during the years when he was thought to be hiding in

Last years

Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd, who spent most of his life on the run, became blind in the last years of his life, and

Al-Mutawakkil Ja'far ibn al-Mu'tasim, Muḥammad ibn Harun al-Rashid, Hārūn al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh (); March 82211 December 861, commonly known by his laqab, regnal name al-Mutawwakil ala Allah (), was the tenth Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid caliph, rul ...

(tenth Abbasid caliph), who was pursuing him, found him in his son-in-law's house in

, and when he saw Ahmad blind, left him alone.

has written Al-Mutawakkil's motivation in pursuing Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd, was Zaydiyyah's support for him and the possibility of helping him in the event of Ahmad's uprising.

Scientific life

wrote about Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd, he is considered a

scholar and

Hadith Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ...

narrator. He used to write hadith and some of

Hadith scholars Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, a literature typically thought in Islam, Islamic religion to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. A major area of ...

have written hadiths quoted from him.

has mentioned him as

Sheikh Sheikh ( , , , , ''shuyūkh'' ) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder (administrative title), elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim ulama, scholar. Though this title generally refers to me ...

Banu Hashim Banu Hashim () is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred ...

clan and their elder. He has been considered as a great and ascetic

jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal education in law (a law degree) and often a Lawyer, legal prac ...

and scholar. He has also been nicknamed "the

of Muhammad's clan". In the book ''Tarājim al-Rijāl'' () by Jandari, quoted from

sources, it is written that Ahmad performed

pilgrimage A pilgrimage is a travel, journey to a holy place, which can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life. A pilgrim (from the Latin ''peregrinus'') is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) w ...

30 times on foot.

His masters

* Husayn ibn Alwan * Muhammad ibn Bakr Arhabi

His disciples

* Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Isa * Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isa * Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi, the great

scholar of

His legacy

The

s that transferred by Ahmad, have been narrated by

Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya Abūʾl-Ḥusayn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Qāsim ibn Ibrāhīm Ṭabāṭabā al-Ḥasanī (al-Rass/Medina, 859 – Sa'dah, 18 August 911), better known by his honorific title of al-Hādī ilāʾl-Ḥaqq (), was a religious and politi ...

in the books "Al-Nikah" () and "Al-Amali" (), as well as by the five elders of

, namely Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi, Abu al-Hasan Haruni, Abu Talib Haruni, Al-Muwaffaq Billah Jorjani and his son Murshid Billah in their writings. Ahmad believed that

Abu Bakr Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa (23 August 634), better known by his ''Kunya (Arabic), kunya'' Abu Bakr, was a senior Sahaba, companion, the closest friend, and father-in-law of Muhammad. He served as the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, ruli ...

and

Umar Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Mu ...

were righteous. He believed that

Imamate The term imamate or ''imamah'' (, ''imāmah'') means "leadership" and refers to the office of an ''imam'' or a Muslim theocratic state ruled by an ''imam''. Theology *Imamate in Shia doctrine, the doctrine of the leadership of the Muslim commu ...

is also permissible for non-descendants of

, provided they have justice.

Children

* Abu al-Qasim Muhammad al-Akbar * Isa * Ahmad * Husayn * Abu al-Hasan Ali * Abu Ja'far Muhammad Abu Ja'far Muhammad had a son named Ali, who a person called Sahib al-Zanj claimed to be Ali himself. This claim has been confirmed by some genealogists and rejected by many others. However, the narration mentioned by Mahali about Ahmad's disappearance in Ray may indicate that the Sahib al-Zanj's claim is correct.

Works

Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd's works have been mentioned in the Islamic discussions of

Sharia Sharia, Sharī'ah, Shari'a, or Shariah () is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on Islamic holy books, scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran, Qur'an and hadith. In Islamic terminology ''sharīʿah'' ...

and

Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh
Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is of ...

. His book ''Al-Siyam'' is also mentioned. Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi had collected the

s narrated by Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd, which were in various chapters of

Islamic jurisprudence ''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh
Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is of ...

, along with the hadiths of others in a book that has always been of great importance in the history of

jurisprudence Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be. It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values ...

. This book, which was called "Amaali Ahmad ibn Isa wa Ulume Aal Muhammad" (, The prospects of Ahmad ibn Isa and the sciences of the family of

), was also called "Badae'e al-Anwar fi Mahaasin al-Aathaar" (), by the famous

Imam Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...

Al-Mansur Abdallah Al-Mansur Abdallah (February 24, 1166 – April 21, 1217) was an imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen who held the imamate from 1187 (or 1197) to 1217. Background Abdallah bin Hamzah was born in the village Ayshan in the territory of the Hamdan trib ...

. In addition to containing Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd's hadiths, the book also contains his jurisprudential views and opinions in many cases. And its content has always been prevalent among

scholars and hadith narrators. In the contemporary period, Badreddin al-Houthi, one of the prominent scholars of

Zaidiyyah Zaydism () is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, with the other two being Twelverism ...

and the spiritual leader of

Houthi movement The Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah, is a Zaydism, Zaydi Shia Islamism, Shia Islamist political and military organization that emerged from Yemen in the 1990s. It is predominantly made up of Zaydi Shias, with their namesake leadersh ...

, wrote a commentary on this book entitled "Sharh Amaali al-Imam Ahmad ibn Isa" (, Description of the prospects of Ahmad ibn Isa).

Fuat Sezgin Fuat Sezgin (24 October 1924 – 30 June 2018) was a Turkish scholar and researcher who specialized in the history of Science in the medieval Islamic world. He was ''professor emeritus'' of the History of Natural Science at Johann Wolfgang Goet ...

mentions another book by Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi called "Masāil Ahmad ibn Isa wa Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim" (, The Issues of Ahmad ibn Isa and Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim). Abu Abd Allah Alawi, the famous

scholar of

, says in the introduction of his book ''Al-Jami' 'al-Kafi'' (), which is one of the important sources of

, since the Zaydis in

rely on the religion of Ahmad ibn Isa and

and Hasan ibn Yahya ibn Husayn ibn Zayd ibn Ali ibn Husayn and Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi in the

matters, has collected their sayings in this book and in quoting Ahmad's sayings, has relied on Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Muradi's books, which contain Ahmad's hadiths, sayings and jurisprudential opinions. Abu Abd Allah Alawi also mentioned the book ''Masāil Ahmad ibn Isa wa Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim'' and shows his continuity in method to its author.

Death

Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd's death is mentioned in 854 AD (240 AH) or 861 AD (247 AH) one week before the murder of

(died 861 AD, 247 AH). His son Ali ibn Ahmad has mentioned the time of Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd's death as

Ramadan Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (''Fasting in Islam, sawm''), communal prayer (salah), reflection, and community. It is also the month in which the Quran is believed ...

of 247 AH (November 861 AD). Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd was buried in

. Ibn Tabataba thought that Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd had been killed by

References

External links

Analysing Muslim Traditions Studies in Legal, Exegetical and Maghāzī Ḥadīṯ - Nicolet Boekhoff, Sean W. Anthony

Isa Bin Zaid (Mutem al Shebal)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate People from Kufa 9th-century Zaydis Zaidiyyah scholars Shia hadith scholars