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Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan (; ) is a commune in the
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon language, Gascon Occitan language, Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; ) is a Departments of France, department located in the Regions of France, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan ...
department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Nouvelle-Aquitaine () is the largest Regions of France, administrative region in France by area, spanning the west and southwest of Metropolitan France. The region was created in 2014 by the merging of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes ...
region
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...
in southwestern France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
.
The people of the commune are known as ''Ahastar''.
Geography
Location
Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan is part of ''Cize/Garazi country'' which was a historical province inLower Navarre
Lower Navarre (; Gascon/Bearnese: ''Navarra Baisha''; ; ) is a traditional region of the present-day French '' département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. It corresponds to the northernmost ''region'' of the Kingdom of Navarre during the Middle A ...
. It includes three former parishes, sometimes counted as four groups of houses in the Middle Ages and with five toponyms: Alciette, Ahaxe, Garatehegi, Ligeta, and Bascassan located at the confluence of the Laurhibar and Esteneko streams.
Alciette is the parish farthest away to the northeast in the combination of the three parishes.
Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan is located some 6 km south-east of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port
Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port (literally "Saint John
and can be accessed by Highway D18 running from close to there through the heart of the commune southeast to t the
T, or t, is the twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''tee'' (pronounced ), plural ''tees''.
It is d ...
Foot of hePass"; ; ; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department in south-western France. It is close to Ostabat in the Pyrenean f ...Lecumberry
Lecumberry (; )LEKUNBERRI
/ref>
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011, p. 3 Chapter of
p. 4 Chapter of Bayonne) *''Alçueta'' (1305) *''Alzueta'' (1513, Titles of
p. 22 Titles of
p. 3 ) ''Bastida'' is also indicated by Raymond.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 23 ''Errékaldéa'' is mentioned with the spelling ''Errecaldia'' referring to the flowing stream of ''Bascassan'' flowing into the Laurhibar.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 59 ;Curutchet ''Curutchet'' (also called ''Garat'') was a former fief of Ahaxe, a vassal of the
p. 54 & 67 ;Etcheverria Paul Raymond mentioned an ''Etcheberry'', a fief located in the parish of Alciette and a vassal of the
p. 63 ;Garatehegi The name ''Garatehegi'' appears in the forms: *''Garateguia'' (1350) *''sent jullian et garateheguj'' (1366) *''la parropie de garatehegi'' (1413) *''Garatteguy'' (1518,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 67 Titles of Pamplona) *''Garatéhéguy'' (1708, Regulation of the commander of
p. 68 ;Libiéta ''Libiéta'' is a toponym that appears in the forms: *''Libiet'' (1621,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 101 Martin Biscay) *''Libiette'' (1789) ;Ligeta ''Ligeta'' is mentioned in the forms: *''Lagueta'' (1264) *''Ligueta'' (1307) *''Liguete'' (1350), 1366, and 1413). The origin of this toponym could be the
*Kapila HouseMinistry of Culture, Mérimée
*Idioinea farm (17th century)
*Gohonetxea farm (17th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
*Château Saint-Julien (12th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
The cemetery contains a remarkable collection of The chapel contains several historical objects:
**Pulpit (17th century)
**2 Benches (17th & 18th century)
**Main
**Secondary Altar. Retable, 2 Candlesticks (17th century)
**Baptismal fonts (17th century)
**Ceiling (17th century)
**Statue: Baby Jesus (18th century)
**Processional Cross (18th century)
**Cross: Christ on the Cross (17th century)
*Chapel of Saint-Saveur of Alciette (Interior Decor)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
*Former ''benoîterie'' of Bascassan (18th century).
*Former ''benoîterie'' of Bascassan garden.
*Church of Saint-André-de-Bascassan (17th century). The church contains a number of historical objects. These are:
**2 Altars, 2 Retables, 2 Paintings, 4 Candlesticks (17th century)
**Baptismal fonts (17th century)
**Pulpit (17th century)
**Processional Cross (18th century)
**Cross: Christ on the Cross (17th century)
**Bronze Bell (17th century)
*Church of Saint-André-de-Bascassan (Interior and Cemetery)
*Cemetery Cross of Ahaxe (1827)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
File:Bascassan.jpg, Church of Bascassan
File:Benoiterie.jpg, Benoîterie
File:Vieilles tombes Bascassan.jpg, Old Tombs
File:Ahaxe Croix.jpg, Cemetery Cross of Ahaxe
File:Église Saint-Sauveur d'Alciette.JPG, Church of Saint-Sauveur of Alciette
Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan on Géoportail
National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
''Ahaxe, Alciette,'' and ''Bascassan'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahaxealciettebascassan Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Lower Navarre
Aincille
Aincille (; ; )Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, ''New Basque Toponymy'' Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006,
*Paul Raymond (archivist), Raymond:'Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees'' 1863, on the page numbers indicated in ...
in the west to the village of Bascassin in the commune and there are other country roads entering from the north and the southeast.Google Maps/ref>
Hydrography
The commune is located in theDrainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
of the Adour
The Adour (; ; ) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High- Bigorre ( Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean ( Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is long, of which the uppermost ca. is known as the ' ...
, the commune lands are watered by the Laurhibar, a tributary of the Nive
The Nive (; ; ) is a French river that flows through the French Basque Country. It is a left tributary of the river Adour. It is long. The river's source in the Pyrenees in Lower Navarre. The river Nive was made famous by the ''Le petit Nicol ...
, and a tributary of that, the Esteneko stream. The Apatéko stream, a tributary of the Arzubiko stream also crosses the territory of Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan.
Localities and hamlets
* Aguerréa *Ahatsaxilo (former parish) * Ahaxamendy * Ahaxe * Alciette * Bascassan * Bastida * Bernetcheko Borda * Bidartéa * Bordes (2 places) * Buirguista * Buluntza * Chilinchabidéa * Chilo *Curutchet (or Garat) *Dorrea * Errékaldéa * Erromatéguia (2 places) * Etcheverria *Garatehegi * Garatéko Eyhéra * Gastelua * Gastalepo * Haraune * Harguindéguia * Idioinea * Irahane * Iriberria * Irigaraya * Irustikoborda * Italatzé *Kapila * Larluzia * Libiéta * Lietamendy *Ligeta * Olherry * Orido * Ospitaletchia * Sagardoyguibel * Seineguy * Uhaïtzia * Urrutia GéoportailIGN
''IGN'' is an American video gaming and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa district and is headed by its former e ...
Toponymy
The commune's name in Basque is ''Ahatsa-Alzieta-Baskazane''.AHATSA-ALZIETA-BASKAZANEAuñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
Pic d'Anie (Basque Auñamendi) is a mountain of the Pyrenees in France, located close to the Spanish border. It is high.
The mountain boasts an almost perfect pyramidal shape and is surrounded by the spectacular karst landscape of. ''Larra'', ...
;Ahaxe
The toponym ''Ahaxe'' appears in the forms:
*''Hatce'' (1167)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
*''Fax'' (1194)Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, ''New Basque Toponymy'', Ed. Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, , page 140
*''domine de ahacha'' (1194)
*''Assa'', ''Aassa'', and ''Hassa'' (1249)
*''Ahatxa'' (1300)
*''Ahaxa'' (1302''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011, p. 3 Chapter of
Bayonne
Bayonne () is a city in southwestern France near the France–Spain border, Spanish border. It is a communes of France, commune and one of two subprefectures in France, subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques departments of France, departm ...
Chapter of Bayonne
Bayonne () is a city in southwestern France near the France–Spain border, Spanish border. It is a communes of France, commune and one of two subprefectures in France, subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques departments of France, departm ...
- Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques )
*''Haxa'' and ''Ahaxe'' (1304)
*''Axa'' (1309 and 1350)
*''Hatxa'' (1350)
*''Hadssa'' (1366)
*''Ahtxe'' (1703), Visits of BayonneManuscript of the 18th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*''Sanctus Julianus Ahaxe'' (1757, Diocese of Bayonne
The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: ''Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis''; French: ''Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron''; Basque: ''Baionako, Leskarreko eta Oloroeko elizbarrutia'') ...
collectionsManuscripts from the 17th to the 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of des Pyrénées-Atlantiques).
Jean-Baptiste Orpustan indicates that the toponym comes from the Basque oronymic base of ''(h)aitz'' meaning "rock" or "height".
The people of the commune are called in Basque ''Ahatsar''.
;Alciette
The toponym ''Alciette'' appears in the forms:
*''Alsuete'' (1249)
*''La Grange Alsuete'' (1302,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''p. 4 Chapter of Bayonne) *''Alçueta'' (1305) *''Alzueta'' (1513, Titles of
Pamplona
Pamplona (; ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Navarre, Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain.
Lying at near above sea level, the city (and the wider Cuenca de Pamplona) is located on the flood pl ...
''Titles'' published by don José Yanguas y Miranda )
*''Alçuete'' and ''Alçueta'' (1350))
*''Alchuete'' (1387)
*''Alchuette'' (1387)
*''Alçueta'' (1621, Martin Biscay''Derecho de naturaleza que la merindad de San-Juan-del-pie-del-puerto, una de las seys de Navarra, tiene en Castilla - 1622 petit in-4° )
*''Alsiette'' (1667, regulations of the States of NavarreCollection of manuscripts in 11 volumes of deliberations (1606 to 1789) - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques )
The Basque name for the people of this area is ''Alzietar''.
According to Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, ''Alciette'' is derived from the medieval ''Alzueta'' which itself comes from the Basque ''alzu'' meaning "place where there are abundant alder trees".
;Bascassan
The name ''Bascassan'' appears in the forms:
*''Bazquazen'' (1208)
*''Bascaçen'' (1292)
*''Bascacen'' (1350))
*''Bazcacen'' (1366))
*''Basquacen'' (1413))
*''Bazcacen'' (1513,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''p. 22 Titles of
Pamplona
Pamplona (; ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Navarre, Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain.
Lying at near above sea level, the city (and the wider Cuenca de Pamplona) is located on the flood pl ...
)
*''Vazquacen'' (1613)
*''Vazcazen'' and ''Vazaçan'' (1621 Martin Biscay)
*''Bascassan'' (1789)
Its origin is uncertain. The people of the area are called ''Bazkazandar'' in basque.
''Ahaxachillo'' is mentioned in the 1863 dictionary.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''p. 3 ) ''Bastida'' is also indicated by Raymond.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 23 ''Errékaldéa'' is mentioned with the spelling ''Errecaldia'' referring to the flowing stream of ''Bascassan'' flowing into the Laurhibar.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 59 ;Curutchet ''Curutchet'' (also called ''Garat'') was a former fief of Ahaxe, a vassal of the
Kingdom of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre ( ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), between present-day Spain and France.
The me ...
.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''p. 54 & 67 ;Etcheverria Paul Raymond mentioned an ''Etcheberry'', a fief located in the parish of Alciette and a vassal of the
Kingdom of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre ( ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), between present-day Spain and France.
The me ...
.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''p. 63 ;Garatehegi The name ''Garatehegi'' appears in the forms: *''Garateguia'' (1350) *''sent jullian et garateheguj'' (1366) *''la parropie de garatehegi'' (1413) *''Garatteguy'' (1518,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 67 Titles of Pamplona) *''Garatéhéguy'' (1708, Regulation of the commander of
Irissarry
Irissarry (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.
It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre.
See also
*Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
...
Regulations of the commandery of Irissarry
Irissarry (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.
It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre.
See also
*Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
...
- Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques )
*''Garateguy'' (1863)
Garatehegi from Basque means "summit of the high country".
;Gastelua
''Gastelua'' appears with the spelling ''Gastellu'' in 1863.''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''p. 68 ;Libiéta ''Libiéta'' is a toponym that appears in the forms: *''Libiet'' (1621,''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
p. 101 Martin Biscay) *''Libiette'' (1789) ;Ligeta ''Ligeta'' is mentioned in the forms: *''Lagueta'' (1264) *''Ligueta'' (1307) *''Liguete'' (1350), 1366, and 1413). The origin of this toponym could be the
Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
''Liger'' (which was equally likely to be the origin of Loire
The Loire ( , , ; ; ; ; ) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world. With a length of , it drains , more than a fifth of France's land, while its average discharge is only half that of the Rhône.
It rises in the so ...
).
History
The Lordship of Ahaxe, also called the ''Lordship of Cize'', was allied with the Viscounts of Arbéroue in the 11th century as well as the lordships of Guiche and to the Counts ofBiscay
Biscay ( ; ; ), is a province of the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the Bay of Biscay, eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilb ...
.
Ahaxe and Alciette-Bascassan were reunited on 11 June 1842.
Heraldry
Administration
List of Successive Mayors of Ahaxe-Alciette-BascassanInter-communality
The commune belongs to seven inter-communal structures: *the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque; *the AEP union of Ahaxe-Lecumberry-Mendive; *the energy union of Pyrenees-Atlantiques; *the RPI (Intercommunal Education) union Hergaray; *the inter-communal union for the development and management of the abattoir of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port; *the joint association for the watershed of the Nive; *the union to support Basque culture.Population
Economy
Economic activity is mainly agricultural. The commune is part of the zone designation of theOssau-Iraty
Ossau-Iraty () is a Basque cheese made from sheep's milk.
Origin
Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in Béarn ...
cheese.
Culture and heritage
Languages
According to the ''Map of the Seven Basque Provinces'' published in 1863 by PrinceLouis-Lucien Bonaparte
Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist. The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief politic ...
, the Basque dialect spoken in Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan is eastern low Navarrese.
Civil heritage
There is a ''gaztelu zahar'' (a prehistoric fortified complex) at a place called ''Gaztalepo'' (Ahaxe), located 550 metres above sea level. There is also a ''lice'' or a fence surrounding a fortification running at 313 metres above sea level at a place called ''Gaztelua'' or ''Gastellia''. These artifacts represent the ancient past of the commune. There are several buildings, houses, and farms in the commune that are listed as historical monuments. These are: *Houses and Farms (17th - 19th centuries)
*Kapila HouseMinistry of Culture, Mérimée
*Idioinea farm (17th century)
*Gohonetxea farm (17th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
*Château Saint-Julien (12th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
Religious Heritage
A number of churches and sites in the commune have been classified as historical monuments. These are: *Parish Church of Saint Julien of Antioch (16th century) The cemetery contains a remarkable collection of Hilarri
Hilarri (from Basque ''hil'' 'dead' and ''harri'' 'stone') is the name given to disk-shaped funerary steles that are typical of the Basque Country.
These funerary steles present a disc-shaped head facing the rising sun on a trapezoidal stand ...
.
*Chapel of Saint-Saveur of Alciette (12th century). The chapel contains several historical objects:
**Pulpit (17th century)
**2 Benches (17th & 18th century)
**Main Altar
An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religion, religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes. Altars are found at shrines, temples, Church (building), churches, and other places of worship. They are use ...
, Retable
A retable is a structure or element placed either on or immediately behind and above the altar or communion table of a church. At the minimum, it may be a simple shelf for candles behind an altar, but it can also be a large and elaborate struct ...
and 4 Candlesticks (17th century)
**Secondary Altar. Retable, 2 Candlesticks (17th century)
**Baptismal fonts (17th century)
**Ceiling (17th century)
**Statue: Baby Jesus (18th century)
**Processional Cross (18th century)
**Cross: Christ on the Cross (17th century)
*Chapel of Saint-Saveur of Alciette (Interior Decor)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
*Former ''benoîterie'' of Bascassan (18th century).
*Former ''benoîterie'' of Bascassan garden.
*Church of Saint-André-de-Bascassan (17th century). The church contains a number of historical objects. These are:
**2 Altars, 2 Retables, 2 Paintings, 4 Candlesticks (17th century)
**Baptismal fonts (17th century)
**Pulpit (17th century)
**Processional Cross (18th century)
**Cross: Christ on the Cross (17th century)
**Bronze Bell (17th century)
*Church of Saint-André-de-Bascassan (Interior and Cemetery)
*Cemetery Cross of Ahaxe (1827)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée
Facilities
The commune has a kindergarten.See also
*Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
The following is a list of the 545 Communes of France, communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department of France.
The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 202 ...
References
External links
Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan on Géoportail
National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
''Ahaxe, Alciette,'' and ''Bascassan'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahaxealciettebascassan Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Lower Navarre