Agha Hossein Khansari (), full name Hossein ibn Jamal al-Din Mohammad Khansari (), known as Mohaghegh Khansari () and also known as "''Master of all in all''" (), who was nicknamed "''the disciple of mankind''" () because of the many masters he acquired knowledge in their presence, was one of the great

Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...

jurists A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal education in law (a law degree) and often a legal practition ...

of ''Isfahan jurisprudential school'' (born in 1607 in Khansar, died in 1687 in

Isfahan Isfahan or Esfahan ( ) is a city in the Central District (Isfahan County), Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is the capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is located south of Tehran. The city ...

) in the 11th century AH, who was also engaged in philosophy and wisdom. He was one of the high level scholars during the reign of Sultan Suleiman of the

Safavid dynasty The Safavid dynasty (; , ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from Safavid Iran, 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of History of Iran, modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder em ...

and after the death of ''Mir Seyyed Mohammad Masoom'' in 1683, he became the

Shaykh al-Islām Shaykh al-Islām (; ; , ''Sheykh-ol-Eslām''; , Sheikh''-ul-Islām''; , ) was used in the classical era as an honorific title for outstanding scholars of the Islamic sciences.Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, The Princeton Encyclope ...

. His children are ''Jamaluddin Mohammad'' known as ''Agha Jamal Khansari'' and ''Raziauddin Mohammad'' known as ''Agha Razi Khansari''.

Life and educations

''Agha Hossein Khansari'' was born in 1607 in

Khansar, Iran Khansar () is a city in the Central District of Khansar County, Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Etymology The word Khansar is written and pronounced in several ways, including Khavansar, ...

. Before reaching the age of puberty, Agha Hossein went to

to study Islamic sciences and studied at ''Khajeh Molk School'' of Isfahan Seminary. In Isfahan, he used the presence of many professors and for this reason he called himself ''"the disciple of mankind"'' which refers to the multiplicity of his professors. He studied the rational sciences under the tutelage of

Mir Fendereski Mir Fendereski (Persian: میرفِنْدِرِسْکی)‎ (1562–1640) was a Persian philosopher, poet and mystic of the Safavid era. His full name is given as Mir Abulqasim Mirfendereski (Persian: میرابوالقاسم میرفندر ...

and the traditional sciences under the tutelage of Mohammad Taghi Majlesi,

Khalifeh Soltan Sayyed Ala al-Din Hoseyn () (c.1592 5March 1654), better known as Khalifeh Soltan (), and also known as Soltan al-Ulama (), was an Iranian statesman and cleric, who served as the grand vizier of the Safavid king (''shah'') Abbas I (r. 1588–16 ...

Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari () known as Mohaghegh Sabzevari () (born in 1608, died on 19 April 1679) was an Iran, Iranian Faqih and Shia Islam, Shia scholar from the 11th century Hijri year, AH, Shaykh al-Islām and the Imam of Friday Prayer of Is ...

, Heydar Khansari and ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' had important permits in review and issuance of Islamic scientific content, including the permission of about 20 pages from ''Mohammad Taghi Majlesi''. Although he was afflicted with poverty during his studies, he eventually reached the point where Shah Suleiman entrusted him with the position of viceroy and overseer on the monarchy and the care of state affairs. He was proficient in rational and traditional sciences and, according to ''Mirza Abdollah Afandi Isfahani'', was a "supporter of the scholars."

From the point of view of others

Ali Khamenei Ali Hosseini Khamenei (; born 19 April 1939) is an Iranian cleric and politician who has served as the second supreme leader of Iran since 1989. He previously served as the third President of Iran, president from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei's tenure ...

, the current

Supreme Leader of Iran The supreme leader of Iran, also referred to as the supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution, but officially called the supreme leadership authority, is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of Iran (above the Presi ...

, has said about the ''Khansari family'':

Morteza Motahhari Morteza Motahhari (; 31 January 1919 – 1 May 1979) was an Iranian Twelver Shia scholar, philosopher, lecturer. Motahhari is considered to have an important influence on the ideologies of the Islamic Republic, among others. He was a co-found ...

, has said about ''Agha Hossein Khansari'':

Political and social activity

''Agha Hossein Khansari'' had a special place in the government of Shah Suleiman, so that when the Shah traveled, he asked ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' to run the government affairs as his viceroy; And ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' had accepted. Another prominent feature of ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' was his refuge for the poor and helpless, and he made great efforts to meet the needs of the people.

Religious career

''Agha Hossein Khansari'' taught in both the rational and traditional categories and has trained prominent students in the field of Islamic sciences, including: *

Al-Hurr al-Amili Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan bin ʿAlī bin al-Ḥusayn al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī al-Mashgharī (; 1033/1624 - 1104/1693), commonly known as Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmilī (), was a prominent Akhbari Twelver Shia muhaddith. He is best known for his comprehensive ...

Nematollah Jazayeri Seyyed Nematollah Jazayeri (Arabic :سید نعمة الله الجزائري, Persian: سید نعمت الله جزایری) was a prominent Shia Akhbari scholar born in 1640 and died in 1700, in one of the islands (hence called Jazayeri, Island: ...

Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi Mohammad Baqer Majlesi ( – 29 March 1699; ), also known as Allamah Majlesi or Majlesi Al-Thani (Majlesi the Second), was an influential Iranian Akhbari Twelver Shia scholar and thinker during the Safavid era. He has been described as "one of t ...

* Mohammad Saleh Hosseini Khatoon Abadi, who studied with him for 20 years. * Mohammad Bagher Hosseini Khatoon Abadi * Agha Jamal Khansari, his son. * Agha Razi Khansari, his other son. * Sheikh Jafar Qazi * Mirza Mohammad ibn Hassan Shirvani * Mullah Mohammad Jafar Sabzevari * Mohammad ibn Abdolfattah Tonekaboni * Alireza Shirazi, who was a great poet. * Mirza Abdollah Afandi

Bibliography

''Agha Hossein Khansari'' was a prolific writer and left many works. His writings can be divided into 3 categories:

Printed works

* Masharegh al-Shomoos fi Sharhe al-Doroos (', ''The Golden Tips in the Explanation of the Doroos''): His famous book in

Islamic jurisprudence ''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh
Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is of ...

, which is a commentary on the book of Al-Doroos written by Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili (1334–1385). This book is incomplete and ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' has not succeeded in completing the description of the news of

The Twelve Imams The Twelve Imams (, '; , ') are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, including that of the Alawite and Alevi. According to Twelver theology, the Twelve Imams are exemplary ...

and the speeches of the

Twelver Twelver Shi'ism (), also known as Imamism () or Ithna Ashari, is the Islamic schools and branches, largest branch of Shia Islam, Shi'a Islam, comprising about 90% of all Shi'a Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twel ...

jurists in each topic. ''Mohammad Bagher Khansari'' in his book ''Rawdat Al-Janat'' has said that this book is unique in terms of the number of researches. This book has been published twice in 1888 and 1893 in

Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ...

. * Taligheh bar Hashieh Mohaghegh Sabzevari (', ''Comment on the Hashieh of Mohaghegh Sabzevari''): Comment on the book ''Hashieh'' of the author ''Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari'', Tehran, 1899 * Al-Resaleh fi Moghadamat al-Vajeb (', ''The message in the introduction to the assignment''): Iran, 1899

Manuscripts

* Hashieh Esharat (', ''Comment on the book "Isharat"'') * Ensha Darbareye Hormate Sharaab (', ''Essay on the sanctity of wine'') * Hashieh bar Sharhe Tajreede Allame Helli (', ''Comment on the book "Sharhe Tajreed" of

Allamah Al-Hilli Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Ḥasan bin Yūsuf bin ʿAli ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī (; December 1250 – December 1325), known by the honorific title al-Allāmah al-Ḥillī (, ''"The Sage of Hillah"'') was an Iraqi Arab scholar and one of the most inf ...

'') * Hashieh bar Mohakemat (', ''Comment on the book "Mohakemat"'') * Hashieh bar Elahiate Shafa (', ''Comment on the book "Elahiate Shafa"'') * Ensha dar Tarife Bahar (', ''Essay in the definition of spring'') * Hashieh bar Motavval (', ''Comment on the book "Motavval"'') * Hashieh bar Mokhtasar al-Osool (', ''Comment on the book "Mokhtasar al-Osool"'') * Resaleh Ejmae (', ''Thesis of Consensus'') * Tarife Sokhan (', ''Definition of speech'') * Shobheye Tafreh (', ''Suspicion of evasion'') * Fayedeh Darbareh Elme Bari Ta'ali (', ''Benefits of the science of transcendence'') * Resaleh dar Khoms (', ''Treatise on

Khums In Islam, khums ( ) is a tax on Muslims which obligates them to pay one-fifth (20%) of their acquired wealth from the spoils of war and, according to most Muslim jurists, other specified types of income, towards various designated beneficiarie ...

'') * Halle Shakk dar Taghseeme Jesm ta Binahaayat (', ''Resolving doubt in the division of the body to infinity'')

Attributed works

* Al-Maedeh al-Soleimanieh (', ''Soleimanieh dining''): About foods and drinks for Shah Suleiman of the

. * Tarjomeye Sahifeh Sajjadieh beh Farsi (', ''Translation of Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya into Persian'') * Resaleh dar Jabr va Ekhtiar (', ''Treatise on Force and Authority'') * Javaher va Aeraz (', ''

Essence Essence () has various meanings and uses for different thinkers and in different contexts. It is used in philosophy and theology as a designation for the property (philosophy), property or set of properties or attributes that make an entity the ...

s and

Accidents An accident is an unintended, normally unwanted event that was not deliberately caused by humans. The term ''accident'' implies that the event may have been caused by unrecognized or unaddressed risks. Many researchers, insurers and attorneys w ...

'') * Sharhe Kafieh Ibne Hajeb (', ''Explanation on the book "Kafieh" of Ibne Hajeb'') * Sharhe Hey'at Farsi Qushchi (', ''Explanation on the book "Hey'at" of Qushchi'') * Resaleh dar Shobheh Iman va Kofr (', ''Treatise on Doubt of Faith and Unbelief'') * Resaleh dar Shobheh Estelzam (', ''Treatise on Suspicion of Implication'') * Resaleh dar Tashkik (', ''Treatise on Doubt'') * Tarjomeye Ketabe Nahj ol-Haq Allame Helli beh Farsi Baraye Shah Soleiman Safavi (', ''Translation of Allamah Al-Hilli's book Nahj al-Haq into Persian for the Shah Suleiman of the

'') * Tafsire Sooreh Fateheh (', ''Interpretation of Surah

Al-Fatiha Al-Fatiha () is the first chapter () of the Quran. It consists of seven verses (') which consist of a prayer for guidance and mercy. Al-Fatiha is recited in Muslim obligatory and voluntary prayers, known as ''salah''. The primary literal mea ...

'') * Hashieh bar Sharhe Hekmat al-Eyn (', ''Comment on the book "Sharhe Hekmat al-Eyn"'')

Demise

He died on 13 May 1687 at the age of eighty-two in

and was buried in the

Takht-e Foulad The Takht-e Foulad (), also known as Lissanul Arz, is an historical, predominately Islamic, cemetery located in Esfahan, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. It is a large funerary complex that includes several historic mausoleums, mosques, tekyeh ...

cemetery, near the tomb of Baba Rokneddin Beyzayi. His sons ''Agha Jamaluddin'' and ''Agha Raziauddin'' are also buried there, in a tomb named ''Khansari Mausoleum''.

References

External links

Das Grabmal von Agha Hossein Khansari - IranKultur

Takht-e Foulad - Agha Hossein Khansari mausoleum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khansari, Agha Hossein 1607 births 1687 deaths Iranian Shia clerics Iranian Shia scholars of Islam People from Khansar 17th-century Iranian writers Burials at Takht-e Foulad 17th-century writers from Safavid Iran