''Aerococcus urinaeequi'' is a species of

Gram-positive In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. The Gram stain is ...

catalase Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting ...

-negative,

facultatively anaerobic A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent. Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are ''Staphylococcus' ...

, coccoid bacterium in the genus ''

Aerococcus ''Aerococcus'' is a genus of bacterium in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria). The genus was first identified in 1953 from samples of air and dust as a catalase-negative, gram-positive coccus that grew in small clusters. They were subsequently found ...

''. It is typically associated with the urinary tract of horses and has limited clinical relevance in humans.

Taxonomic history

''Aerococcus urinaeequi'' was originally classified as ''Pediococcus urinaeequi'' by Mees in 1934, with the name validated by Garvie in 1988. Phylogenetic analysis of

16S rRNA gene 16S ribosomal RNA (or 16 S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure. The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRN ...

sequences found that it is more closely related to the genus ''Aerococcus'' than to ''

Pediococcus ''Pediococcus'' is a genus of gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, placed within the family of Lactobacillaceae. They usually occur in pairs or tetrads, and divide along two planes of symmetry, as do the other lactic acid cocci genera '' Aerococc ...

'', particularly aligning with ''

Aerococcus viridans ''Aerococcus viridans'' is a member of the bacterial genus '' Aerococcus''. It is a causative agent of gaffkaemia, a disease of lobster Lobsters are Malacostraca, malacostracans Decapoda, decapod crustaceans of the family (biology), fami ...

''.

DNA–DNA hybridization In genomics, DNA–DNA hybridization is a molecular biology technique that measures the degree of genetic similarity between DNA sequences. It is used to determine the genetic distance between two organisms and has been used extensively in phylo ...

studies supported its separation from ''A. viridans'', leading to its reclassification as ''Aerococcus urinaeequi'' comb. nov. by Felis et al. in 2005.

Morphology and physiology

Cells are spherical and divide in two perpendicular planes forming tetrads, although irregular clusters may be observed in liquid cultures. Colonies are typically non-pigmented and exhibit

α-hemolysis Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms. This is particularly useful in classifying streptococcal species. A substance ...

on blood agar. Tohno et al. (2014) provided an emended description based on standardized growth conditions (30 °C, MRS medium), detailing its metabolic profiles via API biochemical test systems and confirming its differentiation from other ''Aerococcus'' species by fatty acid profiles and DNA–DNA relatedness.

References

External links

NCBI Taxonomy entry

LPSN – List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
{{Taxonbar, from=Q25834670 Lactobacillales Gram-positive bacteria Bacteria described in 2005

Taxonomic history

Morphology and physiology

See also

References

External links