Adrien Manglard
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Adrien Manglard (; 10 March 1695 – 1 August 1760) was a French painter, draughtsman, and engraver. He was a skilled marine painter, who was able to rapidly advance his career in Rome thanks to his compositional skills, selling paintings to clients such as the
Rospigliosi family The House of Rospigliosi () is an ancient noble Italian family from Pistoia. Attested since the Middle Ages, it became wealthy through agriculture, trade and industry, reaching the apogee of its power and the high nobility status in Rome thanks t ...
,
Victor Amadeus II Victor Amadeus II (; 14 May 166631 October 1732) was the head of the House of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 12 June 1675 until his abdication in 1730. He was the first of his house to acquire a royal crown, ruling first as King o ...
,
King of Sardinia Sardinia is traditionally known to have been initially ruled by the Nuragic civilization, which was followed by Greek colonization, conquest by the Carthagians, Carthaginians, and occupied by the Ancient Rome, Romans for around a thousand years, ...
, and
Philip Philip, also Phillip, is a male name derived from the Macedonian Old Koine language, Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominen ...
, the
Duke of Parma The Duke of Parma and Piacenza () was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a List of historic states of Italy, historical state of Northern Italy. It was created by Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) for his son Pier Luigi Farnese, Du ...
. The latter alone commissioned more than 140 paintings from Manglard. The son of a modest painter, Manglard was trained in
Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...
by his godson
Adriaen van der Cabel Adriaen van der Cabel or Ary van der Touw (1631 – 16 June 1705), was a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter active in France and Italy. Biography He was born and grew up in the small town of Rijswijk, near The Hague. Cabel was also known as ...
, a
Dutch Golden Age The Dutch Golden Age ( ) was a period in the history of the Netherlands which roughly lasted from 1588, when the Dutch Republic was established, to 1672, when the '' Rampjaar'' occurred. During this period, Dutch trade, scientific development ...
landscapist. In 1734 Manglard was admitted to the
Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (; ) was founded in 1648 in Paris, France. It was the premier art institution of France during the latter part of the Ancien Régime until it was abolished in 1793 during the French Revolution. I ...
, which he entered as a full member in 1736. In his youth he traveled to Rome, where he spent most of his life. He is said to have trained under
Bernardino Fergioni Bernardino Vincenzo Fergioni (1674–1738) called ''Sbirretto'' was an Italian painter of Marine art, marine views and seaports, stated by Luigi Lanzi, Lanzi to have flourished in Rome about the year 1718. Adrien Manglard studied with Fergioni ...
(1674–1738) in Italy. Manglard also came into contact with artists in the circle of sculptor
Pierre Le Gros the Younger Pierre Le Gros (12 April 1666 Paris – 3 May 1719 Rome) was a French sculptor, active almost exclusively in Baroque Rome where he was the pre-eminent sculptor for nearly two decades.Gerhard Bissell, ''Pierre le Gros, 1666–1719'', Reading ...
(1666–1719), who commissioned two paintings from him before 1719. Manglard's best known pupil is arguably
Claude-Joseph Vernet Claude-Joseph Vernet (; 14 August 17143 December 1789) was a French painter. His son, Carle Vernet, was also a painter. Life and work Vernet was born in Avignon. When only fourteen years of age he aided his father, Antoine Vernet (1689–1753) ...
, who, upon his arrival in Rome, was welcomed by Manglard into his studio and initiated into seascape painting by him and Fergioni. Once concentrated in Rome, his work is today spread across private and institutional collections around the world. Manglard is also known for his
mural painting A mural is any piece of graphic artwork that is painted or applied directly to a wall, ceiling or other permanent substrate. Mural techniques include fresco, mosaic, graffiti and marouflage. Word mural in art The word ''mural'' is a Spani ...
. He painted the frescoes of two rooms in the
Palazzo Chigi The Chigi Palace ( ) is a palace and former noble residence in Rome which is the seat of the Council of Ministers and the official residence of the Prime Minister of Italy. It is located in the Piazza Colonna, next to Palazzo Montecitorio, s ...
in
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
, including the '' Sala delle Marine''.


Life

Adrien Manglard was born on 10 March 1695 in the city of
Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...
,
Kingdom of France The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages, medieval and Early modern France, early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe from th ...
, the firstborn of Edmond (called Aimé) Manglard and Catherine Rose du Perrier (or Dupérier). He was baptized in the church of Saint-Vincent on March 12 of the same year. Manglard's father was a modest painter originally from Paris, the son of Jean Manglard, a Parisian
bourgeois The bourgeoisie ( , ) are a class of business owners, merchants and wealthy people, in general, which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between the peasantry and Aristocracy (class), aristocracy. They are tradition ...
, and lady Anne Alliot. Manglard's mother was the daughter of Antoine Dupérier, a bookseller and merchant, and Esprite de Tassi. Both Manglard's parents lost their fathers at a young age. Dupérier's mother later remarried to local painter Pierre Savournin, to whom Jean Manglard asked for her hand. His parents were married on 21 May 1693 in the
Basilica of Saint-Martin d'Ainay The Basilica of Saint-Martin d'Ainay () is a Romanesque architecture, Romanesque church in Ainay in the Presqu'ile (Lyon), Presqu'île district in the historic centre of Lyon, France. A quintessential example of Romanesque architecture, it was ins ...
. Beside Adrien they had two other children, Pierre, born 1700, and Daniel, born in 1702. His family suffered the economic repercussions of the famine caused by the
Little Ice Age The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of regional cooling, particularly pronounced in the North Atlantic region. It was not a true ice age of global extent. The term was introduced into scientific literature by François E. Matthes in 1939. Mat ...
's extremely cold weather, which led to the seven ill years in Scotland and the remarkably cold '' Le Grand Hiver'' in France, with the subsequent famine estimated to have caused 600,000 deaths by the end of 1710 in France.. In 1707, Manglard's two brothers Pierre and Daniel were left at the
Hôpital de la Charité Hôpital de la Charité (, "Charity Hospital") was a hospital in Paris founded by the Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God in the 17th century. In 1935, it was closed and demolished to make way for the new faculty of medicine. Located at 45, ...
, an orphanage in Lyon, to which they were admitted as '' délaissés'' (abandoned). Manglard studied under
Adriaen van der Cabel Adriaen van der Cabel or Ary van der Touw (1631 – 16 June 1705), was a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter active in France and Italy. Biography He was born and grew up in the small town of Rijswijk, near The Hague. Cabel was also known as ...
in Lyon. Van der Cabel was a
Dutch Golden Age The Dutch Golden Age ( ) was a period in the history of the Netherlands which roughly lasted from 1588, when the Dutch Republic was established, to 1672, when the '' Rampjaar'' occurred. During this period, Dutch trade, scientific development ...
landscapist and a pupil of
Jan van Goyen Jan Josephszoon van Goyen (; 13 January 1596 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch landscape painter. The scope of his landscape subjects was very broad as he painted forest landscapes, marine paintings, river landscapes, beach scenes, winter landscap ...
who, like Manglard, traveled to Rome in his youth, where he sojourned from 1656 to 1674—his Dutch style coming under the influence of the Romano-Bolognese landscape painting. As a student of van der Cabel, Manglard was influenced by the Dutch Golden age landscape painting, as well as the Italianized Dutch painting style typical of the seventeenth century. Manglard later moved from Lyon to
Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...
, or
Avignon Avignon (, , ; or , ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the left bank of the river Rhône, the Communes of France, commune had a ...
, where he studied under the Carthusian painter
Joseph Gabriel Imbert Joseph-Gabriel Imbert, also known as Frère Imbert (1666–1749), was a French painter and Carthusians, Carthusian monk. Among his pupils were Adrien Manglard and Joseph Siffred Duplessis. Biography Imbert was born in Occitania in 1666. He was ac ...
(1666–1749), a relatively unknown master of whom today but a few biographical anecdotes and two paintings (a copy of
Guido Reni Guido Reni (; 4 November 1575 – 18 August 1642) was an Italian Baroque painter, although his works showed a classical manner, similar to Simon Vouet, Nicolas Poussin, and Philippe de Champaigne. He painted primarily religious works, but al ...
's '' Annunciazione'' and a large landscape painting depicting the
Flight into Egypt The flight into Egypt is a story recounted in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 2:13–Matthew 2:23, 23) and in New Testament apocrypha. Soon after the Biblical Magi, visit by the Magi, an angel appeared to Saint Joseph, Joseph in a dream telling ...
) survive. Manglard learned
figure painting A figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the Painting#Painting media, painting media with the primary subject being the human figure, whether clothed or Nude (art), nude. Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such ...
with Imbert. At some point in the 1710s (probably around 1715) Manglard moved to Rome, where he was to spend most of his life and career. While the exact date of Manglard's arrival in Rome is unknown, this certainly took place before 1722. A painting by Manglard dated 1722 (a seascape drawing "touched by strokes of a pen and watercolor, one ''braccio'' and 1/6 wide, 15 ''soldi'' high, depicting both ships and figures") was once at the Gabburri Gallery in
Florence Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence ...
. The painting is now lost. Rome based sculptor Pierre Le Gros acquired six marine views by Manglard. Le Gros died in 1719, which makes these six seascapes the earliest documented paintings by Manglard. Manglard came to Rome simply as a "tourist"; he wasn't under the protection of the
French Academy French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...
, which would welcome him as a full member in 1736. In 1722 he was probably already enjoying some degree of fame in Rome. Manglard started to enjoy the patronage of notable commissioners at least since the mid-1720s. In the 1720s he started working for the '' Corte Sabauda'', to which he sent two paintings from Rome in 1726. Manglard's talent as a marine painter "was such that his career advanced rapidly: prestigious clients included Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy and King of Piedmont, who bought two matching pieces from him in 1726 (Turin, ''
Galleria Sabauda The Savoy Gallery () is an art collection in the Italian city of Turin, which contains the royal art collections amassed by the House of Savoy over the centuries. It is located on Via XX Settembre, 86. The museum, whose first directors were Robe ...
''), and Philip, Duke of Parma." Philip alone commissioned more than 140 paintings from Manglard to decorate his
palaces A palace is a large residence, often serving as a royal residence or the home for a head of state or another high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome whi ...
. Manglard also enjoyed the patronage of the most important Roman families, including the Colonna, the
Orsini Orsini is a surname of Italian origin, originally derived from Latin ''ursinus'' ("bearlike") and originating as an epithet or sobriquet describing the name-bearer's purported strength. Notable people with the surname include the following: * Aaro ...
, the
Rondani Rondani is an Italian surname. Notable people having this name include: * Camillo Rondani, (1808–1879), an Italian entomologist noted for his studies of Diptera * Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani (15 July 1490 ...
, the Rospigliosi and the
Chigi Chigi may refer to: * Chigi (dog), a crossbreed between a Welsh Corgi and a chihuahua (dog) * House of Chigi, a Roman princely family * Chigi (architecture) , or are forked roof finials found in Japanese Architecture, Japanese and Shinto arch ...
. For the Chigi he frescoed two rooms on the ''
piano nobile ( Italian for "noble floor" or "noble level", also sometimes referred to by the corresponding French term, ) is the architectural term for the principal floor of a '' palazzo''. This floor contains the main reception and bedrooms of the house ...
'' of the Palazzo Chigi, today the
official residence An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless of whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either their own or that of th ...
of the
Prime Minister of Italy The prime minister of Italy, officially the president of the Council of Ministers (), is the head of government of the Italy, Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is established by articles 92–96 of the Co ...
. On 8 June 1728 Catherine Rose du Perrier, Manglard's mother, died in
Avignon Avignon (, , ; or , ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the left bank of the river Rhône, the Communes of France, commune had a ...
. Manglard presumably went back to Avignon on this occasion. The same year, his brother Daniel left for
Martinique Martinique ( ; or ; Kalinago language, Kalinago: or ) is an island in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It was previously known as Iguanacaera which translates to iguana island in Carib language, Kariʼn ...
. Three years later, Manglard's father Edmond left France forever. After a career in Italy which spanned over forty years, Manglard died in Rome on 1 August 1760. Beside being a painter, Manglard was also an art collector. In January 1761, Rome notary J. L. Vannoi drew up the inventory for Manglard's collection. Manglard's universal successor was his brother Pierre, then resident in Paris.


Work

After a brief period of employment in France, where he devoted himself to studying under van der Cabel and Frère Imbert, Manglard moved to Rome. One of his earliest known Roman works (setting 1722, at least, as a ''
terminus post quem A ''terminus post quem'' ('limit after which', sometimes abbreviated TPQ) and ''terminus ante quem'' ('limit before which', abbreviated TAQ) specify the known limits of dating for events or items.. A ''terminus post quem'' is the earliest date t ...
'' for his arrival in the Italian capital; although Le Gros is known to have acquired six paintings from Manglard before his own demise in 1719) is a drawing once housed at the ''Galleria Gabburri'' in Florence, now lost. The drawing in chalk, pen and watercolor was commissioned by
Niccolò Gabburri Francesco Maria Niccolò Gabburri (17 December 1675 – 1742) was a Florentine diplomat, painter, art collector, and biographer of artists. Biography Niccolò Gabburri was a prominent broker for artists and collectors in Florence during the f ...
himself, and depicted a seascape with both figures and ships (''Disegno d'una marina, toccata di penna e acquerelli; per traverso lunga un braccio e 1/6, alta soldi 15, con quantità di navi e figure. Di mano di monsù Adriano Manglard di Lione di Francia, fatto in Roma apposta per questo studio l'anno 1722''). In Rome, Manglard reportedly studied with Bernardino Fergioni before quickly rising to fame as a landscape painter. Before 1722 he was already relatively known in Rome. Manglard was trained by a Dutch Golden Age landscapist, who had himself traveled to Italy. There, his master's style was influenced by the local Romano-Bolognese school. Manglard thus came into contact firstly with the Dutch Golden age landscape painting style with the due amount of Italian influence of Cabel, to then actually move to Italy himself in his early twenties, and be therein influenced by the prominent Rome based painters of the day, including artists in the circle of sculptor Pierre Legros, such as
Sebastiano Conca Sebastiano Conca (8 January 1680 – 1 September 1764) was an Italian painter. Biography He was born at Gaeta, then part of the Kingdom of Naples, and apprenticed in Naples under Francesco Solimena. In 1706, along with his brother Giovanni, wh ...
and
Caspar van Wittel Caspar van Wittel or Gaspar van Wittel (; born Jasper Adriaensz van Wittel; 1652 or 1653 – 13 September 1736), known in Italian as Gaspare Vanvitelli () or (), was a Dutch Republic, Dutch painter and draughtsman who had a long career in R ...
. Manglard's marine paintings combine "the idealized, classical landscapes of
Claude Lorrain Claude Lorrain (; born Claude Gellée , called ''le Lorrain'' in French; traditionally just Claude in English; c. 1600 – 23 November 1682) was a French painter, draughtsman and etcher of the Baroque era. He spent most of his life in I ...
with the acute realism of Northern models." Manglard focused on what would become his field of expertise in Rome, that is marine views. He made studies of ships, Turks and even camels. Manglard often depicted ports and harbours in his seascape. Figures such as Moors and camels, which appear frequently in his paintings, reflect the exoticism of the great Italian harbors. Venice's harbour was once the gates to the Orient. However, the northern Italian city hardly appears in Manglard's oeuvre. Naples, on the other hand, which is very close to Rome, figures frequently in Manglard. Manglard depicted the
Vesuvio Mount Vesuvius ( ) is a somma–stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes forming the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists ...
on at least three occasions. Manglard's most notable student in Rome was arguably Claude-Joseph Vernet, who hailed from Avignon. Manglard, together with Bernardino Fergioni, initiated him into seascape painting. According to some authors, both Vernet and Manglard eclipsed their master, Fergioni. According to the same authors, Vernet had in turn a more "subtle grace and spirit" than his master, who presented a sound, firm, natural and harmonizing taste ("''... Il suo nome'' ernardino Fergioni's''fu dopo non molti anni oscurato da due franzesi, Adriano Manglard, di un gusto sodo, naturale, accordato; e il suo allievo, Giuseppe Vernet, di una vaghezza e di uno spirito superiore al maestro''").


Gallery

File:Adrien Manglard - Seehafen - GG 1779 - Kunsthistorisches Museum.jpg, ''Seehafen'',
Kunsthistorisches Museum The Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien ( "Vienna Museum of art history, Art History", often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts, Vienna") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on the Vienna Ring Road, i ...
,
Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
File:Manglard-Adrien Marine vers 1700.jpg, ''Marine'', Museum of Fine Arts,
Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...
File:Manglard Port.jpg, ''Mediterranean Port'', King John III Palace Museum,
Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...
File:Musée d'art et d'archéologie du Périgord - Adrien Manglard - Fin d'une tempête.jpg, ''The End of the Storm'',
Museum of Art and Archeology of Périgord The Museum of Art and Archeology of Périgord, often abbreviated MAAP, is a municipal museum located in Périgueux. It is the oldest museum in the Dordogne, Dordogne department and it includes over 2,000 square metres of permanent exhibition. His ...
,
Périgueux Périgueux (, ; or ) is a commune in the Dordogne department, in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. Périgueux is the prefecture of Dordogne, and the capital city of Périgord. It is also the seat of ...
File:Adrien Manglard 001.jpg, ''Flußmündung mit Hafen'', Museum of Fine Arts,
Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...
File:Manglard Harvard 2.jpg, '' Seaport Scene'', The Fogg Museum,
Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, located directly across the Charles River from Boston. The city's population as of the 2020 United States census, ...
File:Adrien Manglard Christie's.jpg, ''A Coastal Landscape with Fishermen'', Private collection, Unknown location File:Embarcadero, del círculo de Adrien Manglard (Museo de Bellas Artes de Valencia).jpg, ''Embarcadero'', Circle of Adrien Manglard, Museum of Fine Arts,
Valencia Valencia ( , ), formally València (), is the capital of the Province of Valencia, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, the same name in Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia (r ...
File:Adrien Manglard - Mediterranean Harbour Scene - WGA13931.jpg, ''Mediterranean Harbour Scene'', Private Collection, Unknown location


References


Notes


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * *


External links

* *
Adrien Manglard at the Web Gallery of Art


* ttps://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000053792 Adrien Manglard at Oxford Art Online
Adrien Manglard at the Netherlands Institute for Art History

Adrien Manglard at the British Museum

Adrien Manglard at Google Arts & Culture
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manglard, Adrien 1695 births 1760 deaths Artists from Lyon French draughtsmen Expatriates in the Papal States French landscape painters French printmakers French male painters Members of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture Painters from Rome Pontifical Academy of Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon 18th-century French printmakers 18th-century French painters 18th-century French male artists