Adolf Diekmann

Adolf Rudolf Reinhold Diekmann (18 December 1914 – 29 June 1944) was a Nazi officer in the '' Waffen SS'' during World War II who orchestrated the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre in France on 10 June 1944. Under Diekmann's commanded, troops from the SS Division Das Reich killed 642 inhabitants in the village, most of whom were women and children. He said he committed the war crime in retaliation to the killing of a fellow SS officer named Helmut Kämpfe by the French Resistance.

Early life and early Nazi Party involvement

Adolf Diekmann was born on 18 December 1914 in Magdeburg, Prussia in the German Empire to Heinrich and Anna Diekmann. Adolf was the second of four children, two girls and two boys. Heinrich was a primary school teacher. Despite his father's background as an educator, Adolf left school in 1932 at age 17.

On 1 April 1933, Diekmann joined the Nazi Party, one week after the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act of 1933, essentially granting Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers. His received membership number 1,752,411. Diekmann completed his Nazi work service between 18 May and 13 November in Burg, approximately 15 miles from his hometown. He then completed his high school education at a Nationalpolitischen Erziehungsanstalt, , a Nazi secondary boarding school, in Naumburg, earning his degree on 12 December 1935.

SS career

At the age of 21, Diekmann joined the SS on 1 March 1936 (SS number 309984) and was assigned to the Signals Corps stationed in the Adlershof neighborhood of Berlin. He was then sent to the SS-Junkerschule, the SS's leadership training facilities, at Bad Tölz in Bavaria in October 1937. He then completed a course for platoon leaders at the Junker School's Dachau branch in August 1938 and was designated a '' SS-Untersturmführer'', the most junior non-commissioned officer rank of the SS, ''SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT)'', a mechanized infantry unit at the disposal of the Führer.

World War II

Occupation of Czechoslovakia

Diekmann's SS-VT unit was assigned to the Germania Regiment of the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich. When Germany, the UK, France, and Italy signed the Munich Agreement ceding the Sudetenland to Germany on 30 September 1938, Diekmann's division marched into Czechoslovakia to annex the land for Germany.

Battle of France

In the spring of 1940, Diekmann became the adjutant of the Germania Regiment's Second Battalion ahead of the unit's participation in the Battle of France. During the fighting at Saint Venant in northern France, Diekmann was shot in the lungs on 27 May 1940. Following his recovery, Diekmann was promoted to '' SS-Obersturmführer'' and became the Third Company, First Battalion commander in the Germania Regiment in June 1940. In May 1941, he was assigned as an instructor at the ''SS-Junkerschule'' at Bad Tölz, where he had been a student four years prior.

Operation Barbarossa

On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany opened the Eastern Front by invading the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. Diekmann returned to the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich, which was assigned to Army Group Center. During the late summer of 1941, Army Group Center pushed toward Moscow during the Battle of Smolensk near Smolensk. By the time Das Reich took part in the Battle of Moscow, it had lost 60 percent of its combat strength. By February 1942, it had lost 10,690 men.

Deikmann was promoted to '' SS-Hauptsturmführer'' on 20 April 1942. Due to combat losses, Das Reich was pulled from the front lines and sent to west to refit as a Panzergrenadier mechanized infantry division. It then returned to Russia where it fought in the Zhitomir–Berdichev Offensive during the winter of 1943-44.

In January 1944, the Das Reich division was sent to the southern French town of Montauban as a reserve unit, in preparation for the anticipated Allied invasion of occupied Europe. While in the southern France, Diekmann was promoted was on 8 June 1944two days after the Normandy landingsto '' SS-Sturmbannführer''.

He was given command of the 1st Battalion, 4th SS Panzergrenadier Regiment (Der Fuhrer), in the Das Reich Division.

Oradour-sur-Glane massacre

Following the Allied invasion of Normandy, the French resistance intensified its efforts to disrupt German communications and supply lines. German military commanders like Diekmann who had seen service on the Eastern Front had become conditioned by the extraordinary brutality of anti-partisan measures there. In response to real or perceived resistance activity in France, these commanders would take a hard and intensified approach.

On 9 June 1944, fellow ''SS-Sturmbannführer'' Helmut Kämpfe, and personal friend of Diekmann was captured east of Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat by a Resistance group led by a Sergeant Jean Canou from ''Colonel Georges Guingouin's Brigade'', a group in the Maquis du Limousin. Canou handed Kämpfe over to Guingouin. The following day the highly-decorated SS officer was executed on the orders of Guingouin or killed during an attempt to escape. His body was then burned (although some reports say he was burned alive).

When the SS Division discovered that Kämpfe had been kidnapped, Diekmann led troops from the 3rd Company, 1st Battalion, 4th SS ''Panzer Grenadier'' Regiment and members of the '' Milice'' on a brutal search of the surrounding area. Two local men were shot dead east of Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat by SS men under Diekmann's command. Diekmann eventually reached the outskirts of Oradour-sur-Glane. He told his superiors that he ordered his men to raze the village and kill the inhabitants (245 women, 207 children, and 190 men) because he had become enraged after he had found Kämpfe's handcuffed body inside a German field ambulance with the remains of other German soldiers. He believed the vehicle had been set alight burning alive everyone inside.

Aftermath

After hearing the testimony of Diekmann, the commander of the 4th SS ''Panzer Grenadier'' Regiment, SS-''Standartenführer'' Sylvester Stadler ordered that he should face a court-martial for ordering the massacre at Oradour-sur-Glane. SS-'' Brigadeführer'' Heinz Lammerding, Das Reich's division commander, agreed with the decision. However, all charges against Diekmann were dropped after he was killed near Noyers-Bocage

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