''Adeleorina'' is a suborder of parasites in the phylum
Apicomplexa.
History
Léger proposed this taxon in 1911. The first species identified was ''
Dactylosoma ranarum'' by Lankester (1871) in a frog in Europe. It was initially called ''Undulina ranarum'', but this was changed in 1882 to ''Drepanidium ranarum''. This species was subsequently moved to the genus ''Dactylosoma''.
Canine hepatozoonosis was first described in
India
India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...
in 1905 by James. The organism was named ''Leukocytozoon canis''. The vector was identified in 1907 by Christopher to be the brown dog tick (''
Rhipicephalus sanguineus''). The genus ''
Hepatozoon'' was created by Miller in 1908 for a parasite of the white rat (''
Rattus norvegicus'') that underwent
merogony in the
liver
The liver is a major organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it ...
and
sporogony in the
mite
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear evid ...
''
Laelap echidinus''. Ledger initially placed this genus in the family
Haemogregarinidae, but Wenyon subsequently removed it and placed it in the newly created taxon
Hepatozoidae in 1926.
Life cycle
All species in this suborder use the
syzygy method of
gamete
A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. In species that produce ...
formation. This involves the association of often motile
gamonts prior to the formation of functional gametes and fertilization.
Their life cycles tend to be complex, involving at least one (and often several) asexual cycles of
merogony followed by
gametogony,
syngamy and
sporogony. In many species of the group, the
meronts and
merozoite
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is ...
s have morphologically distinct types: one type of meront produces large merozoites which initiate a further round of merogonic replication; a second produces smaller merozoites which are the progenitors of the
gamonts.
Microgamonts produce usually only one to four