''Monotygma'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs. The great majority of species of pyrams are micromol ...
, the pyrams and their allies.
[Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.] The status of this genus was for a long time confused, but the situation was clarified in a review by van Aartsen (1986).
Life habits
Little is known about the biology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs. The great majority of species of pyrams are micromol ...
''
sensu lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...
'', they are most likely to be
ectoparasite
Parasitism is a Symbiosis, close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the Host (biology), host, causing it some harm, and is Adaptation, adapted str ...
s.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus ''Monotygma'':
*''
Monotygma acuminata''
*''
Monotygma amoena''
*''
Monotygma caelata''
*''
Monotygma elata''
*''
Monotygma enosima''
*''
Monotygma eximia''
*''
Monotygma fulva''
*''
Monotygma granulata''
* † ''
Monotygma ivolasi''
*''
Monotygma julii''
*''
Monotygma lauta''
* † ''
Monotygma marcusseni''
*''
Monotygma metula''
*''
Monotygma pareximia''
*''
Monotygma puncticulata''
*''
Monotygma punctigera''
*''
Monotygma sinuata''
*''
Monotygma striata''
*''
Monotygma suturalis''
*''
Monotygma watsoni''
;Synonyms:
* ''Monotygma casta''
(A. Adams, 1853): synonym of ''
Leucotina casta
''Leucotina casta'' is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Amathinidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Leucotina casta (A. Adams, 1853). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/a ...
''
(A. Adams, 1853) (
superseded combination
In taxonomy, a superseded combination is a notice of change to the binomial nomenclature of the accepted name of a species. This happens when a species is moved to a new genus after the initial species description. The original name is called a ...
)
* ''Monotygma concinna''
(A. Adams, 1854): synonym of ''
Leucotina casta
''Leucotina casta'' is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Amathinidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Leucotina casta (A. Adams, 1853). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/a ...
''
(A. Adams, 1853) (superseded combination)
* ''Monotygma gavisa''
(Melvill, 1896): synonym of ''
Rissopsetia gavisa
''Rissopsetia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae.WoRMS (2010). ''Rissopsetia'' Dell, 1956. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World ...
''
(Melvill, 1896)
* ''Monotygma modesta''
(de Folin, 1870): synonym of ''
Careliopsis modesta''
(de Folin, 1870)
* ''Monotygma pura''
(A. Adams, 1854): synonym of ''
Leucotina casta
''Leucotina casta'' is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Amathinidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Leucotina casta (A. Adams, 1853). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/a ...
''
(A. Adams, 1853) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
References
External links
Sowerby, G. B. II. (1839). A Conchological Manual. G. B. Sowerby, London, v, 130 pp., 24 pls Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213Aartsen, J. J. van (1986). "Nomenclatural notes I. On Actaeopyramis as related to Monoptygma, Monotigma and Monotygma". Bolettino Malacologico 22 (5–8): 182–184.
Pyramidellidae
{{Pyramidellidae-stub