Jewish law ''Halakha'' (; he, הֲלָכָה, ), also transliterated as ''halacha'', ''halakhah'', and ''halocho'' ( ), is the collective body of Jewish religious laws which is derived from the written and Oral Torah. Halakha is based on biblical command ...

and history, ''Acharonim'' (; he, אחרונים ''Aḥaronim''; sing. , ''Aḥaron''; lit. "last ones") are the leading

rabbi A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of ...

s and

poskim In Jewish law, a ''Posek'' ( he, פוסק , pl. ''poskim'', ) is a legal scholar who determines the position of ''halakha'', the Jewish religious laws derived from the written and Oral Torah in cases of Jewish law where previous authorities ...

(Jewish legal decisors) living from roughly the 16th century to the present, and more specifically since the writing of the ''

Shulchan Aruch The ''Shulchan Aruch'' ( he, שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך , literally: "Set Table"), sometimes dubbed in English as the Code of Jewish Law, is the most widely consulted of the various legal codes in Judaism. It was authored in Safed (today in I ...

'' (Hebrew: , "Set Table", a code of Jewish law) in 1563 CE. The ''Acharonim'' follow the ''

Rishonim ''Rishonim'' (; he, ; sing. he, , ''Rishon'', "the first ones") were the leading rabbis and ''poskim'' who lived approximately during the 11th to 15th centuries, in the era before the writing of the ''Shulchan Aruch'' ( he, , "Set Table", a ...

'', the "first ones"—the rabbinic scholars between the 11th and the 16th century following the ''

Geonim ''Geonim'' ( he, גאונים; ; also Romanization of Hebrew, transliterated Gaonim, singular Gaon) were the presidents of the two great Talmudic Academies in Babylonia, Babylonian Talmudic Academies of Sura Academy , Sura and Pumbedita Academy ...

'' and preceding the ''Shulchan Aruch''. The publication of the ''Shulchan Aruch'' thus marks the transition from the era of Rishonim to that of Acharonim.

Consequences for Halakhic change

The distinction between the ''Acharonim'', ''Rishonim'' and ''Geonim'' is meaningful historically. According to the widely held view in

Orthodox Judaism Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist and theologically conservative branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Written and Oral, as revealed by God to Moses ...

, the Acharonim generally cannot dispute the rulings of rabbis of previous eras unless they find support from other rabbis in previous eras. Yet the opposite view exists as well: In ''The Principles of Jewish Law'' Orthodox Rabbi

Menachem Elon Menachem Elon ( he-a, מנחם אלון, Menachem_elon.ogg, link=yes) (November 1, 1923 – February 6, 2013) was an Israeli jurist and Professor of Law specializing in Mishpat Ivri, an Orthodox rabbi, and a prolific author on traditional Jewis ...

wrote: ''Hilkheta Ke-Vatra'ei'' can be interpreted such that the Orthodox view does not constitute a contradiction, with an appeal to understand it within the greater context of Torah. While authority may go to the scholars of a later generation ''within'' a particular era, the Talmud does not allow scholars of a later era to argue with scholars of an ''earlier'' era without support from other scholars of an earlier era. This is displayed in “hundreds of instances" in the Talmud in which Amora’im are challenged by Tanna’itic sources with the term מיתיבי and the Amorai'm unable to “deflect the challenge”. An Amora called Rav is challenged by Tannai’tic sources “and is vindicated by the statement, ''Rav tanna hu upalig”-'' “Rav is a Tanna and disagrees (in ''Eiruvin'' 50b, ''Kesubos'' 8a, and elsewhere). A similar case exists for Rav China, a borderline Tanna in ''Bava Metzia'' 5a''.'' This clearly implies that the only reason they are able to get away with disagreeing is because they are Tannaim. There are “only a handful of possible exceptions

o the rule O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''o'' (pronounced ), ...

that the ''Amora’im'' did not, in fact argue with the ''Tanna’im.”'' The question of which prior rulings can and cannot be disputed has led to attempts to precisely define which rulings are within the Acharonim era. According to many rabbis the Shulkhan Arukh is from an Acharon. Some hold that Rabbi

Yosef Karo Joseph ben Ephraim Karo, also spelled Yosef Caro, or Qaro ( he, יוסף קארו; 1488 – March 24, 1575, 13 Nisan 5335 A.M.), was the author of the last great codification of Jewish law, the ''Beit Yosef'', and its popular analogue, the ''Shul ...

's ''Beit Yosef'' has the halakhic status of a work of a Rishon, while his later ''Shulkhan Arukh'' has the status of a work of an Acharon.

Notable Acharonim

''Note: This is list is incomplete and is only intended to provide a small selection from the broad list of prominent rabbinic figures of the Acharonic era.''

16th Century

Bezalel Ashkenazi Bezalel ben Abraham Ashkenazi ( he, בצלאל בן אברהם אשכנזי) ( 1520 – 1592) was a rabbi and talmudist who lived in Ottoman Israel during the 16th century. He is best known as the author of ''Shitah Mekubetzet'', a commentary on ...

(''Shitah Mekubetzet'') (c. 1520 – c. 1592), Talmudist *

Moses ben Jacob Cordovero Moses ben Jacob Cordovero ( he, משה קורדובירו ''Moshe Kordovero'' ‎; 1522–1570) was a central figure in the historical development of Kabbalah, leader of a mystical school in 16th-century Safed, Ottoman Syria. He is known by th ...

(''Ramak'') (1522–1570), Holy Land Kabbalistic scholar *

Joshua Falk Joshua ben Alexander HaCohen Falk (1555 – 29 March 1614) was a Polish Halakha, Halakhist and Talmudist, best known as the author of the ''Drisha'' and ''Prisha'' commentaries on the ''Arba'ah Turim'' as well as ''Sefer Me'irat Enayim'' (סמ ...

(''Sma''; ''Me'irat Einayim''; 1555 – 1614) *

Moshe Isserles ). He is not to be confused with Meir Abulafia, known as "Ramah" ( he, רמ״ה, italic=no, links=no), nor with Menahem Azariah da Fano, known as "Rema MiPano" ( he, רמ״ע מפאנו, italic=no, links=no). Rabbi Moses Isserles ( he, משה ...

(''Rema'') (1520–1572), Polish halakhic authority and Posek, author of ''HaMapah'' component of the ''

Shulkhan Arukh The ''Shulchan Aruch'' ( he, שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך , literally: "Set Table"), sometimes dubbed in English as the Code of Jewish Law, is the most widely consulted of the various legal codes in Judaism. It was authored in Safed (today in I ...

'' *

(the ''Mechaber'') (1488–1575), Spanish and Land of Israel legal codifier of the ''

'' code of Torah Law *

Judah Loew ben Bezalel Judah Loew ben Bezalel (; between 1512 and 1526 – 17 September 1609), also known as Rabbi Loew ( Löw, Loewe, Löwe or Levai), the Maharal of Prague (), or simply the Maharal (the Hebrew acronym of "''Moreinu ha-Rav Loew''", 'Our Teacher, Rabbi ...

(''Maharal'') (1520–1609), Prague mystic and Talmudist *

Isaac Luria Isaac ben Solomon Luria Ashkenazi (1534 Fine 2003, p24/ref> – July 25, 1572) ( he, יִצְחָק בן שלמה לוּרְיָא אשכנזי ''Yitzhak Ben Sh'lomo Lurya Ashkenazi''), commonly known in Jewish religious circles as "Ha'ARI" (mea ...

(''Ari'') (1534–1572), Great Kabalist, basis for most recent Kabalists *

Solomon Luria Solomon Luria (1510 – November 7, 1573) ( he, שלמה לוריא) was one of the great Ashkenazic ''poskim'' (decisors of Jewish law) and teachers of his time. He is known for his work of Halakha, ''Yam Shel Shlomo'', and his Talmudic comment ...

(''Maharshal'') (1510–1573), Posek and Talmudist *

Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno Ovadia ben Jacob Sforno (Obadja Sforno, Hebrew: עובדיה ספורנו) was an Italian rabbi, Biblical commentator, philosopher and physician. A member of the Sforno family, he was born in Cesena about 1475 and died in Bologna in 1550. B ...

(''Sforno'') (c. 1475 – 1550), Italian scholar and rationalist * Chaim Vital (1543–1620), Kabbalist and primary disciple of Rabbi Isaac Luria *

David ben Solomon ibn Abi Zimra David ben Solomon ibn (Abi) Zimra ( he, ר׳ דָּוִד בֶּן שְׁלֹמֹה אִבְּן אָבִי זִמְרָא) (1479–1573) also called Radbaz (רַדְבָּ"ז) after the initials of his name, Rabbi David iBn Zimra, was an early A ...

(''Radbaz'') (c. 1479 or c. 1487 – 1573), 15th/16th century Halakhist, Posek and Chief Rabbi of

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...

17th Century

Samuel Eidels Shmuel Eidels (1555 – 1631) ( he, שמואל אליעזר הלוי איידלס Shmuel Eliezer HaLevi Eidels) was a renowned rabbi and Talmudist famous for his commentary on the Talmud, ''Chiddushei Halachot''. Eidels is also known as Maharsha ( ...

("Maharsha") (1555–1631), Talmudist famous for his commentary on the Talmud * Ḥayyim Shabbethai ("Maharhash") (1557 - 1643), Chief Rabbi of Thessaloniki, famous for his responsa. *

Menasseh Ben Israel Manoel Dias Soeiro (1604 – 20 November 1657), better known by his Hebrew name Menasseh ben Israel (), also known as Menasheh ben Yossef ben Yisrael, also known with the Hebrew acronym, MB"Y or MBI, was a Portuguese rabbi, kabbalist, wri ...

(1604–1657), Portuguese/Dutch Kabbalist, diplomat and publisher * Moses Raphael de Aguilar ( 1611- 1679), Dutch Talmudist and Hebrew grammatician. * Moses ben Isaac Judah Lima (''Chelkath Mechokeik''; c. 1615 – c. 1670) *

Shabbatai HaKohen Shabbatai ben Meir HaKohen ( he, שבתי בן מאיר הכהן; 1621–1662) was a noted 17th century talmudist and halakhist. He became known as the ''Shakh'' ( he, ש"ך), which is an abbreviation of his most important work, ''Siftei Kohen'' ...

(1621–1662; ''Siftei Kohen'') * David HaLevi Segal (''Turei Zahav'') (c. 1586–1667), Halakhist, major commentator on the Shulkhan Aruch * Avraham Gombiner (''Magen Avraham''; c. 1635 – 1682) * Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi (''Bet Hillel'') (1615–1690), Lithuanian scholar * Isaac Aboab da Fonseca (1605–1693), Portuguese/Dutch scholar and Kabbalist, first Rabbi in the Americas * Hezekiah da Silva (1659–1698; ''Peri Chodosh'') * Yair Bacharach (''Havvot Yair'') (1639–1702), German Talmudist * Isaac Abendana (c. 1640–1710), Sephardic scholar in England *

Samuel ben Uri Shraga Phoebus Samuel ben Uri Shraga Phoebus (alternatively, "Or Shraga", "Faivish", "Fayvish", "Faibesh", etc.) (Hebrew: שמואל בן אורי שרגא פיביש) was a Polish rabbi and Talmudist of Woydyslaw in the second half of the 17th century. In his e ...

(''Beit Shmuel'')

18th Century

Brockhaus and Efron Jewish Encyclopedia e16 058-0

* Chaim ibn Attar (''Ohr Hachaim''; ''Peri Toar''; 1696—1743) * Jonathan Eybeschutz (''Urim ve-Tummim''; ''Kereti u-Peleti'') (1690–1764) of

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

, *

Moshe Chaim Luzzatto Moshe Chaim Luzzatto ( he, משה חיים לוצאטו, also ''Moses Chaim'', ''Moses Hayyim'', also ''Luzzato'') (1707 – 16 May 1746 (26 ''Iyar'' 5506)), also known by the Hebrew acronym RaMCHaL (or RaMHaL, ), was a prominent Itali ...

(''Ramchal'') (1707–1746), Italian philosopher, mystic, and moralist *

Yehudah ben Shimon Ashkenazi Judah or Yehuda is the name of a biblical patriarch, Judah (son of Jacob). It may also refer to: Historical ethnic, political and geographic terms * Tribe of Judah, one of the twelve Tribes of Israel; their allotment corresponds to Judah or J ...

('' Ba'er Hetev''; 1730–1770), a German rabbi *

Zechariah Mendel ben Aryeh Leib of Cracow Zechariah Mendel ben Aryeh Leib (died c.1706) (Hebrew: זכריה מנדל בן אריה ליב) was a Polish Talmudist, native of Cracow. In 1689 he became chief rabbi and head of the yeshivah at Belz, Galicia. He was the author of ''Be'er H ...

('' Ba'er Hetev'') *

Joseph ben Meir Teomim Joseph ben Meir Teomim (1727–1792; Hebrew: יוסף בן מאיר תאומים) was a Galician rabbi born at Lemberg. While still young he succeeded his father in the position of preacher and rabbinical instructor in the yeshivah of Lemberg ...

(1727–1792; ''Pri Megadim'') *

Vilna Gaon Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, ( he , ר' אליהו בן שלמה זלמן ''Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman'') known as the Vilna Gaon ( Yiddish: דער װילנער גאון ''Der Vilner Gaon'', pl, Gaon z Wilna, lt, Vilniaus Gaonas) or Elijah of ...

("Gra") (1720–1797), Lithuanian Talmudist and Kabbalist; Note: The Chazon Ish held him to be a Rishon *

Chaim Yosef David Azulai Haim Yosef David Azulai ben Yitzhak Zerachia (1724 – 1 March 1806) (), commonly known as the Hida (the acronym of his name, ), was a Jerusalem born rabbinical scholar, a noted bibliophile, and a pioneer in the publication of Jewish religious ...

("Chida"; ''Birkei Yosef'' - a commentary on the ''

'') (1724–1806) *

Jacob Emden Jacob Emden, also known as Ya'avetz (June 4, 1697 April 19, 1776), was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement. He was acclaimed in all circles for his ...

(1697–1776), Danish/German scholar * Shalom Sharabi (1720–1777), Yemenite Sage, Kabbalist and founder of the Beit El Yeshiva, Jerusalem *

Shneur Zalman of Liadi Shneur Zalman of Liadi ( he, שניאור זלמן מליאדי, September 4, 1745 – December 15, 1812 O.S. / 18 Elul 5505 – 24 Tevet 5573) was an influential Lithuanian Jewish rabbi and the founder and first Rebbe of Chabad, a branch of Ha ...

('The Baal HaTanya'; '' Shulchan Aruch HaRav'') (1745–1812) *

Elazar Fleckeles Elazar Fleckeles (August 26, 1754 in Prague – April 27, 1826) was a Bohemian rabbi and author. Biography Fleckeles was a pupil of and Yechezkel Landau. At the age of twenty-four he became rabbi of Kojetein, a small town in Moravia. In 1780 h ...

(1754 – 1826) *

Simcha Bunim of Peshischa Simcha Bunim Bonhardt of Peshischa ( Yiddish: שמחה בונם בונהרט פון פשיסכע, ; – September 4, 1827) also known as the Rebbe Reb Bunim was the second Grand Rabbi of Peshischa ( Przysucha, Poland) as well as one of the key ...

(1767 - 1827) * Samuel Loew (c. 1720–1806; ''Machatzis HaShekel'') * Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller (c. 1745 – 1812; ''Ketzot HaChoshen'') * Avraham Danzig (1748—1820; '' Chayei Adam''; ''Chochmat Adam'') *

Yaakov Lorberbaum Yaakov ben Yaakov Moshe Lorberbaum of Lissa (1760-1832) (known in English as Jacob ben Jacob Moses of Lissa, Jacob Lorberbaum or Jacob Lisser, Hebrew: יעקב בן יעקב משה מליסא) was a rabbi and posek. He is most commonly known as the ...

(1760-1832; ''Nesivos HaMishpat'') * Akiva Eger (1761 – 1837)

19th Century

Naftali Tzvi Iehuda Berlin (ha-Natziv) 1a

* Yehudah Leib Alter (''Sfas Emes'') (1847–1905), Gerrer rebbe *

Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin (20 November 1816 in Mir, Russia – 10 August 1893 in Warsaw, Poland), also known as Reb Hirsch Leib Berlin, and commonly known by the acronym Netziv, was an Orthodox rabbi, ''Rosh yeshiva'' ( dean) of the Volozhin ...

(''Netziv'', ''HaEmek Davar'') (1816–1893), head of

Volozhin Yeshiva Yeshivas Etz Ḥayyim (), commonly called the Volozhin Yeshiva (), was a prestigious Lithuanian ''yeshiva'' located in the town of Volozhin, Russian Empire (now Valozhyn, Belarus). It was founded around 1803 by Rabbi Ḥayyim Volozhiner, a stude ...

in Lithuania *

Abraham Hirsch ben Jacob Eisenstadt of Byelostok Abraham Tzvi Hirsch ben Jacob Eisenstadt of Byelostok (1812–1868) ( Hebrew: אברהם צבי הירש בן יעקב אייזנשטאט) served as rabbi in Utyan ( Utena), government of Kovno, and died in Königsberg in 1868. Works He began at ...

(1812–1868; ''Pithchei Teshuvah'') * Baruch Epstein (''Torah Temimah'') (1860-1941), Lithuanian Torah commentator * Moshe Mordechai Epstein (''Levush Mordechai'') (1866–1933), Talmudist and co-head of Slabodka Yeshiva *

Yechiel Michel Epstein Yechiel Michel ha-Levi Epstein ( he, יחיאל מיכל הלוי אפשטיין) (24 January 1829 – 25 March 1908), often called "the ''Aruch haShulchan''" after his magnum opus, Aruch HaShulchan, was a Rabbi and ''Posek'' (authority in Je ...

(''

Aruch HaShulchan ''Arukh HaShulchan'' (Hebrew: עָרוּךְ הַשֻּׁלְחָן r, arguably, עָרֹךְ הַשֻּׁלְחָן; see ''Title'' below is a work of halacha written by Yechiel Michel Epstein (1829–1908). The work attempts to be a clear, orga ...

'') (1829–1908), Halakhist and Posek *

Samson Raphael Hirsch Samson Raphael Hirsch (; June 20, 1808 – December 31, 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the '' Torah im Derech Eretz'' school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism. Occasionally termed ''neo-Orthodoxy'', hi ...

(1808–1888), German rabbi, founder of the ''Torah im Derech Eretz'' movement *

Yisrael Meir Kagan Rabbi Yisrael Meir ha-Kohen Kagan (January 26, 1838 – September 15, 1933), known popularly as the Chofetz Chaim, after his book on lashon hara, who was also well known for the Mishna Berurah, his book on ritual law, was an influential Lit ...

(''

Chofetz Chaim The '' Sefer'' ''Chafetz Chaim'' (or ''Chofetz Chaim'' or ''Hafetz Hayim'') ( he, חָפֵץ חַיִּים, trans. "Desirer of Life") is a book by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan, who is also called "the Chofetz Chaim" after it. The book deals wit ...

''; '' Mishnah Berurah'') (1838–1933), Polish Halakhist, Posek, and moralist * Yosef Hayyim of Baghdad (''Ben Ish Chai'') (1835–1909), Iraqi Halakhist,

Posek In Halakha, Jewish law, a ''Posek'' ( he, פוסק , pl. ''poskim'', ) is a legal scholar who determines the position of ''halakha'', the Judaism, Jewish religious laws derived from the Torah, written and Oral Torah in cases of Jewish law wher ...

, Kabbalist and communal leader * Meir Leib ben Yechiel Michel (''Malbim'') (1809–1879), Russian preacher and scholar *

Menachem Mendel Schneersohn Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (September 9, 1789 – March 17, 1866) also known as the Tzemach Tzedek (Hebrew: "Righteous Sprout" or "Righteous Scion") was an Orthodox rebbe, leading 19th-century posek, and the third rebbe (spiritual leader) of t ...

(''Tzemach Tzedek''; 1789-1866) *

Moses Sofer Moses Schreiber (1762–1839), known to his own community and Jewish posterity in the Hebrew translation as Moshe Sofer, also known by his main work ''Chatam Sofer'', ''Chasam Sofer'', or ''Hatam Sofer'' ( trans. ''Seal of the Scribe'', and acron ...

(''Chatam Sofer'') (1762–1839), Hungarian rabbi *

Chaim Soloveitchik Chaim (Halevi) Soloveitchik ( Yiddish: חיים סאָלאָווייטשיק, pl, Chaim Sołowiejczyk), also known as Reb Chaim Brisker (1853 – 30 July 1918), was a rabbi and Talmudic scholar credited as the founder of the popular Brisker app ...

("Reb Chaim Brisker") (1853–1918), Rosh Yeshivah in

Valozhyn Valozhyn, Vałožyn or Volozhin ( be, Вало́жын, , russian: Воло́жин, lt, Valažinas, pl, Wołożyn, yi, וואָלאָזשין ''Volozhin''; also written as Wolozin and Wolozhin) is a town in the Minsk Region of Belarus. The pop ...

, Innovator of the

Brisker method The Brisker method, or Brisker ''derech'', is a reductionistic approach to Talmud study innovated by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik of Brisk (Brest, Belarus), as opposed to the traditional approach which was rather holistic. It has since become popula ...

* Yaakov Dovid Wilovsky (''Ridbaz'') (1845–1913), of Slutzk,

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...

and Tzfat (1845–1913) *

Meir Simcha of Dvinsk Meir Simcha of Dvinsk (1843–1926) was a rabbi and prominent leader of Orthodox Judaism in Eastern Europe in the early 20th century. He was a kohen, and is therefore often referred to as ''Meir Simcha ha-Kohen'' ("Meir Simcha the Kohen"). He is k ...

(''Ohr Sameiach'', ''Meshech Chochmah'') (1843–1926), Lithuanian-Latvian Talmudist and communal leader

20th Century

Baruch Shalom HaLevi Ashlag Baruch Shalom HaLevi Ashlag ( he, ברוך שלום הלוי אשלג) (also known as the RABASH) (January 22, 1907 – September 13, 1991) was a kabbalist, the firstborn and successor of Yehuda Ashlag also known as Baal Hasulam, the author o ...

(''RaBaSh'') (1907-1991), author of the Shlavei HaSulam and Shamati * Yehuda Ashlag (''Baal HaSulam'') (1884-1954), author of The Sulam commentary on The Book of Zohar *

Shlomo Zalman Auerbach Shlomo Zalman Auerbach ( he, שלמה זלמן אויערבאך; July 20, 1910 – February 20, 1995) was a renowned Orthodox Jewish rabbi, posek, and rosh yeshiva of the Kol Torah yeshiva in Jerusalem. The Jerusalem neighborhood Ramat Shlomo ...

1910-1995 Major Modern Posek in Israel * Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler (''Michtav Me'Eliyahu'') (1892–1953), 20th century religious philosopher and ethicist *

Mordechai Eliyahu Mordechai Tzemach Eliyahu ( he, מרדכי צמח אליהו, March 3, 1929 – June 7, 2010, on the Hebrew calendar: 21 Adar I, 5689 - 25 Siwan, 5770),

(1929–2010), Halakhist, Posek, and Sephardic

Chief Rabbi Chief Rabbi ( he, רב ראשי ''Rav Rashi'') is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community, or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular authorities. Since 1911, through a ...

of Israel (1983–1993) *

Moshe Feinstein Moshe Feinstein ( he, משה פײַנשטיין; Lithuanian pronunciation: ''Moshe Faynshteyn''; en, Moses Feinstein; March 3, 1895 – March 23, 1986) was an American Orthodox rabbi, scholar, and ''posek'' (authority on ''halakha''—Je ...

(''Igrot Moshe'') (1895–1986), Russian-American Halakhist, Posek, and Talmudist * Yitzchok Hutner (''Pachad Yitzchok'') (1906–1980), European-born American and Israeli Rosh Yeshiva *

Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz Avraham Yeshaya Karelitz (7 November 1878 – 24 October 1953), also known as the Chazon Ish () after his magnum opus, was a Belarusian-born Orthodox rabbi who later became one of the leaders of Haredi Judaism in Israel, where he spent his ...

(''Chazon Ish'') (1878–1953), Belarusian-born, leading halakhic authority and leader of

Haredi Judaism Haredi Judaism ( he, ', ; also spelled ''Charedi'' in English; plural ''Haredim'' or ''Charedim'') consists of groups within Orthodox Judaism that are characterized by their strict adherence to ''halakha'' (Jewish law) and traditions, in oppos ...

in Israel *

Menachem Mendel Schneerson Menachem Mendel Schneerson (Modern Hebrew: מנחם מענדל שניאורסון; old-fashioned spelling: מנחם מענדל שניאורסאהן; April 5, 1902 OS – June 12, 1994; AM 11 Nissan 5662 – 3 Tammuz 5754), known to man ...

(1902–1994), seventh

Rebbe A Rebbe ( yi, רבי, translit=rebe) or Admor ( he, אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities of its dynasties.Heilman, Samuel"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."''Religion and Spiritu ...

Chabad-Lubavitch Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch (), is an Orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. Chabad is one of the world's best-known Hasidic movements, particularly for its outreach activities. It is one of the largest Hasidic group ...

Elazar Shach Elazar Menachem Man Shach ( he, אלעזר מנחם מן שך, Elazar Shach; January 1, 1899 O.S. – November 2, 2001) was a prominent ultra-Orthodox rabbi, heading the non-Hasidic ''Litvak'' Orthodox from the early 1970s until his death. He ...

(1899-2001) (rav shach) Rosh Yeshiva Ponevezh and Posek * Yaakov Chaim Sofer (1870–1939; ''Kaf Hachaim'') *

Joseph B. Soloveitchik Joseph Ber Soloveitchik ( he, יוסף דב הלוי סולובייצ׳יק ''Yosef Dov ha-Levi Soloveychik''; February 27, 1903 – April 9, 1993) was a major American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and modern Jewish philosopher. He was a scion o ...

(1903 – 1993) (''rav yoshe ber'') 20th century Rosh Yeshiva, Talmudist, and religious philosopher. *

Joel Teitelbaum Joel Teitelbaum ( yi, יואל טייטלבוים, translit=Yoyl Teytlboym, ; 13 January 1887 – 19 August 1979) was the founder and first Grand Rebbe of the Satmar dynasty. A major figure in the post-war renaissance of Hasidism, he espoused ...

(''Divrei Yoel''; 1887-1979), the first

Satmar Satmar ( Yiddish: סאַטמאַר, Hebrew: סאטמר) is a Hasidic group founded in 1905 by Grand Rebbe Joel Teitelbaum, in the city of Szatmárnémeti, Hungary (now Satu Mare in Romania). The group is an offshoot of the Sighet Hasidic dynas ...

rebbe *

Eliezer Waldenberg Eliezer Yehuda Waldenberg ( he, הרב אליעזר יהודה וולדנברג; December 10, 1915 – November 21, 2006) was a rabbi, posek, and dayan in Jerusalem. He is known as a leading authority on medicine and Jewish law and referred to as ...

1915-2006 the "Tzitz Eliezer" Major Modern Posek in Israel * Shmuel Wosner (''Shevet Halevi'') (1913-2015), Posek, Yeshivat Chachmei Lublin *

Ovadia Yosef Ovadia Yosef ( he, , Ovadya Yosef, ; September 24, 1920 – October 7, 2013) was an Iraqi-born Talmudic scholar, a posek, the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1973 to 1983, and a founder and long-time spiritual leader of Israel's ultra-Orthod ...

(1920–2013), Iraqi-born Halakhist, Posek and Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel (1973–1983)

References

External links

The Rules of Halacha
Rabbi

Aryeh Kaplan Aryeh Moshe Eliyahu Kaplan ( he, אריה משה אליהו קפלן; October 23, 1934 – January 28, 1983) was an American Orthodox rabbi, author, and translator, best known for his Living Torah edition of the Torah. He became well known as ...

The different rabbinic eras
faqs.org

(

MP3 MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is a coding format for digital audio developed largely by the Fraunhofer Society in Germany, with support from other digital scientists in the United States and elsewhere. Orig ...

s), Rabbi R Y Eisenman
Early Achronim 5160–5410 (1400–1650)

Later Achronim 5410 (1650)
chabad.org * ''Mini-biographies from chaburas.org'' *

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