Abdul Khalid Ibrahim
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Abdul Khalid bin Ibrahim (; 14 December 1946 – 31 July 2022) was a Malaysian politician who served as the 14th
Menteri Besar of Selangor The Menteri Besar of Selangor, also referred to as the First Minister of Selangor is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Selangor. The Menteri Besar acts as a majority leader in the Selangor Assembly. According to convention, the Men ...
from 2008 to 2014. He was the Member of the
Selangor State Assembly The Selangor State Legislative Assembly () is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor. The State Assembly is composed of 56 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no m ...
(MLA) for
Ijok Ijok is a mukim in Kuala Selangor District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located along Federal Route 54. Sited at a junction that leads to the bigger and more developed Bestari Jaya (Batang Berjuntai), Pekan Ijok is, in a sense, a 'cowboy town' wi ...
from 2008 to 2013, and MLA for Pelabuhan Klang from 2013 to 2018. At the same time, he served as Member of Parliament (MP) for
Bandar Tun Razak Bandar Tun Razak is a township and parliamentary constituency in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is named after the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdul Razak. There are a number of schools and institutions of learning in Bandar Tun Razak. ...
from 2013 to 2018. Khalid was a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), but became an
independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in Pennsylvania, United States * Independentes (English: Independents), a Portuguese artist ...
in August 2014, coinciding with his resignation as Menteri Besar. He was sacked from the party for his refusal to vacate his Selangor Menteri Besar post, in a political manoeuvre that was widely criticised by the public and invoked a rare rebuke from the Sultan of Selangor. During his tenure as Menteri Besar, Khalid prioritised sensible spending of the state government's coffers, initiating many projects and policies that benefitted Selangor state. As a result, he was well-liked by the people of Selangor.


Early life and education

Abdul Khalid bin Ibrahim was born on 14 December 1946 in the village of Kampung Jalan Raja Abdullah in
Kuala Selangor Kuala Selangor is a town in northwestern Selangor, Malaysia. It is the largest town and administrative centre of the coterminous Kuala Selangor District. Etymology The name ''Kuala Selangor'' means Estuary of the Selangor River. History ...
, Selangor. He was educated at the Jeram Malay School in 1956, attended the Special Malay Class, and then studied at the Kampung Kuantan English School. Khalid obtained a
Bachelor of Economics A Bachelor of Economics (BEc or BEcon)Bureau of Labor StatisticsHow to Become an Economist/ref> is an academic degree, awarded to students who have completed specialised undergraduate studies in economics. Variants include the "Bachelor of Econo ...
(BEc) with honours from the
University of Malaya The Universiti Malaya (lit 'University of Malaya'; abbreviated UM) is a public university, public research university located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the oldest Malaysian institution of higher education, and was the only university in ...
and a
Master of Business Administration A Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a professional degree focused on business administration. The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration; elective courses may allow further study in a particular ...
(MBA) from the
University of Queensland The University of Queensland is a Public university, public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the Queensland parliament, UQ is one of the six sandstone ...
in 1975.


Early career

Khalid began his career as a university lecturer before transitioning into the corporate sector. In 1979, he was appointed Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB), a government-controlled fund management firm, a position he held until 1994.


Corporate career

During his tenure at PNB, Khalid played a key role in orchestrating the "Dawn Raid" on the London Stock Exchange on 7 September 1981. The operation, executed in less than four hours, allowed PNB to acquire a 51% stake in the British plantation company Guthrie Corporation Limited, effectively transferring ownership of approximately 200,000 acres (800 km²) of agricultural land back to Malaysia. The raid was later described as "the most dramatic Malaysian acquisition of a foreign company during the restructuring of the country’s post-colonial economy," with Khalid playing a central role in its execution. Following this success, Khalid became the CEO of Kumpulan Guthrie Bhd in 1995, where he served until 2003.


Political career

In 2006, Khalid joined the opposition PKR, founded by the former deputy prime minister
Anwar Ibrahim Anwar bin Ibrahim (; born 10 August 1947), also known by his abbreviation as DSAI and PMX, is a Malaysian politician who is the 10th prime minister of Malaysia since 2022. A member of the People's Justice Party (Malaysia), People's Justice P ...
, and became the party's treasurer-general. The party selected him as its candidate for a 2007 Ijok by-election for the
Selangor State Legislative Assembly The Selangor State Legislative Assembly () is the unicameral Dewan Undangan Negeri, state legislature of the Malaysian Malay states, state of Selangor. The State Assembly is composed of 56 members representing single-member constituencies througho ...
seat of
Ijok Ijok is a mukim in Kuala Selangor District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located along Federal Route 54. Sited at a junction that leads to the bigger and more developed Bestari Jaya (Batang Berjuntai), Pekan Ijok is, in a sense, a 'cowboy town' wi ...
, which he lost to
Parthiban Karuppiah Parthiban s/o Karuppiah (Tamil: கே. பார்திபன்) is a Malaysian politician of Indian (specifically Tamil) descent, or known as K. Parthiban. He is a member of the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), a component party of the r ...
of the
Malaysian Indian Congress The Malaysian Indian Congress ( abbrev: MIC; ),formerly known as Malayan Indian Congress, is a Malaysian political party. It is one of the founding members of the coalition Barisan Nasional, previously known as the Alliance, which was in pow ...
(MIC), a component party of the ruling
Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional (BN; ) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1974 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in ...
(BN) coalition. In the 2008 general election, he contested the federal parliamentary seat of
Bandar Tun Razak Bandar Tun Razak is a township and parliamentary constituency in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is named after the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdul Razak. There are a number of schools and institutions of learning in Bandar Tun Razak. ...
and re-contested the Selangor State Assembly seat of
Ijok Ijok is a mukim in Kuala Selangor District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located along Federal Route 54. Sited at a junction that leads to the bigger and more developed Bestari Jaya (Batang Berjuntai), Pekan Ijok is, in a sense, a 'cowboy town' wi ...
. He won both seats, while the opposition
Pakatan Rakyat Pakatan Rakyat (PR; ) was an informal Malaysian political coalition and successor to Barisan Alternatif (BA). The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Par ...
coalition made unprecedented gains and took a majority in the Selangor State Assembly. Khalid was appointed the Menteri Besar of Selangor and was sworn in on 13 March 2008. He was the first person not of the BN coalition to hold the post. In his first term, Khalid's government implemented a policy of delivering to each Selangor household an initial 20 cubic metres of water each year free of charge. The State Assembly also passed the country's first freedom of information legislation. It was in these areas—social policy and government transparency—that his administration was able to make the most progress. But in some cases, differences between the partners in the governing coalition, which included the
Democratic Action Party The Democratic Action Party (DAP; ) is a social democracy, social democratic and Secularism, secular political party in Malaysia, sitting on the Centre-left politics, centre-left of the political spectrum. As one of four component parties of ...
(DAP) and the
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party, also known as the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party ( Malay: ''Parti Islam Se-Malaysia''; abbrev: PAS), is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. Ideologically focused on Islamic fundamentalism and Malay dominanc ...
(PAS) proved difficult to reconcile. For example, in 2009 Khalid rejected a move by PAS to draft legislation banning the sale of alcohol in Muslim-majority neighbourhoods. In the 2013 general election, Khalid's Pakatan Rakyat coalition increased its majority in the Selangor State Assembly, winning 44 out of its 56 seats. Though Khalid's PKR won fewer seats than the DAP and PAS, he retained the position of Menteri Besar. On 2015, Khalid was invited to join
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party The Malaysian Islamic Party, also known as the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party ( Malay: ''Parti Islam Se-Malaysia''; abbrev: PAS), is an Islamist political party in Malaysia. Ideologically focused on Islamic fundamentalism and Malay dominanc ...
(PAS) and there are a few rumours circulating that Khalid may rejoin
Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional (BN; ) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1974 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in ...
coalition ; However he rejected the idea of joining any party but he has pledged his support for the Islamic party in the 14th general election based on his statement: "I have countless times said I am indebted to them when I joined politics. Their action was very precious and I am grateful for that. So don't be afraid that I will join other political parties. No. But I will continue to assist Pas," On matters that would benefit the populace, he declared that he was prepared to work with Barisan Nasional and other groups on both sides of the divide: "Any issues that would bring good to the people of Selangor, such as the much talked about the water industry takeover to be sped up and I am supportive of that. I will stand with any political party on issues that champions for the betterment of the people. I would even ask the three former Menteri Besar's to join me in that cause, even Pas. What I do is important, not where I stand, and it does not mean I support BN or Pas. We do not join politics for the sake of politicking, but we do it for the benefit and justice for the people,"


Resignation as Menteri Besar

In early 2014, PKR's national leader, Anwar Ibrahim, then a federal parliamentarian, sought to contest the Selangor State Assembly seat of
Kajang Kajang is a city in Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia, located southeast of Kuala Lumpur. Kajang, along with much of Hulu Langat District, is governed by the Kajang Municipal Council. Kajang town is located on the eastern banks of the L ...
in a
by-election A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, or a bypoll in India, is an election used to fill an office that has become vacant between general elections. A vacancy may arise as a result of an incumben ...
. The so-called " Kajang Move" would have allowed Anwar to oust Khalid as Menteri Besar with PKR's support. Anwar's conviction on a charge of sodomy caused Anwar's wife,
Wan Azizah Wan Ismail Wan Azizah binti Wan Ismail ( Jawi: وان عزيزة بنت وان إسماعيل; born 3 December 1952) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Spouse of the Prime Minister of Malaysia as the wife of Anwar Ibrahim, Member of Parliamen ...
, to take over Anwar's presidency of PKR and the nomination as PKR candidate in the by-election instead, which she won. In July, the party nominated Wan Azizah as its preferred Menteri Besar. The following month, Khalid was expelled from the party after he refused to comply with its direction for him to resign as the state's premier and make way for Wan Azizah. Khalid sacked the PKR and DAP members of Selangor's
Cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filin ...
-like Executive Council, and continued to administer the state as an independent assemblyman with the remaining four councillors from PAS. Khalid ultimately resigned on 26 August 2014, as it was clear that he could no longer command the confidence of the State Assembly. He remained in office while Sultan Sharafuddin deliberated on whom to appoint his replacement, before settling on PKR's deputy president
Azmin Ali Mohamed Azmin bin Ali ( Jawi: محمد عزمين بن علي; born 25 August 1964) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the State Leader of the Opposition of Selangor and Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Hul ...
, who was sworn in on 23 September 2014. After Azmin assumed office, the Sultan praised Khalid for leading the state "successfully and perfectly" and criticised the manner in which he had been ousted from the state's premiership by his own party.


Death

Khalid died of a heart valve infection on 31 July 2022 at 11.08pm at Cardiac Vascular Sentral Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, at age 76. Khalid's remains were brought to the Saidina Umar Al-Khattab Mosque in Bukit Damansara for prayers the next day, before lying in state at the
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque The Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque () is the state mosque of Selangor, Malaysia. It is located in Shah Alam and is the country's largest mosque and also the second largest mosque in Southeast Asia by capacity. Its most distinguishing ...
,
Shah Alam Shah Alam (, from Persian language, Persian, meaning "king of the world") is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia which is situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam rep ...
, for the public to pay their last respects. At the personal request of the Sultan of Selangor,
Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Alhaj Ibni Almarhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj ( Jawi: ; born 24 December 1945) has been the Sultan of Selangor since ascending to the throne in November 2001. Early life and education Sharafuddin was ...
, Khalid was laid to rest at the Shah Alam Royal Mausoleum; burials at the mausoleum are usually reserved for members of the Selangor Royal Family and the nobility. Sultan Sharafuddin and the Tengku Laksamana of Selangor,
Tengku Sulaiman Shah Tengku Sulaiman Shah Alhaj ibni Almarhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj ( Jawi: تڠكو سليمان شاه الحاج ابن المرحوم سلطان صلاح الدين عبدالعزيز شاه الحاج; born 17 June 1950) is a M ...
, attended the ceremony.


Legacy and assessment

Khalid Ibrahim was the first Menteri Besar of Selangor since independence who was not from the then-dominant Barisan Nasional coalition. As such, his tenure saw radical administrative and policy changes in Selangor. Upon taking office, he applied his corporate experience to his new position, running the state "like a conglomerate". He valued efficiency and hard work, was frugal with state expenditures, and preoccupied with clean governance. Khalid had a propensity for understanding the workings of large organisations, the failings of governments and corporations, and providing solutions thereto. Firmly believing that state monies should go back to the people of Selangor, Khalid initiated the ''Merakyatkan Ekonomi Selangor'' ("state revenue channelled back to the people") program, a slogan that was much imitated in the following years. Due to his austere economic policies, Selangor recorded its strongest savings reserves up to that point, amounting to RM3.3 billion by the time he left office in 2014. Khalid also introduced the programme for Selangor households to receive 20 cubic metres of free water every year, a policy that is still in place as at 2022. Under Khalid's progressive administration, the Selangor Legislative Assembly passed the country’s first freedom of information enactment, in an effort to promote transparent governance and democratisation of information. He also abolished direct negotiations for state projects, and instructed that tenders be awarded based on the collective decision of the executive council and relevant state government officers, without seeking the Menteri Besar's endorsement. At the same time, his tendency to act independently, as well as his relative indifference to party politics, earned him the enmity of party colleagues. The political machinations that engineered his downfall were not well-received by Selangorians and the Sultan himself, and PKR was criticised for its removal of a highly-regarded Menteri Besar at the height of his popularity. Nevertheless, upon his enforced dismissal, Khalid sat out the rest of his terms as an MP and Member of the Legislative Assembly, whereupon he retired quietly from politics, serving as a consultant to several corporations and state governments. His various policies benefitting the state of Selangor made him beloved among many Selangorians, and he was widely mourned upon his passing, his death being seen as a great loss to the state.


Election results


Honours


Honours of Malaysia

* : ** Commander of the
Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia The Most Esteemed Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia () is a Malaysian federal award presented for meritorious service to the country and awarded by the sovereign. The order was instituted on 15 April 1966 and gazetted on 30 June 1966 ...
(PSM) – Tan Sri (1998) * : ** Knight Commander of the
Order of the Crown of Selangor The Most Illustrious Order of the Crown of Selangor (Bahasa Melayu: ''Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia'') is an order awarded by Sultan of Selangor as a reward for general services to the sultan and state of Selangor. It was foun ...
(DPMS) – Dato' (1988) ** Knight Grand Commander of the
Order of the Crown of Selangor The Most Illustrious Order of the Crown of Selangor (Bahasa Melayu: ''Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Selangor Yang Amat Mulia'') is an order awarded by Sultan of Selangor as a reward for general services to the sultan and state of Selangor. It was foun ...
(SPMS) – Dato' Seri (2009) * : ** Knight Companion of the
Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang The Most Illustrious Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang ( Malay: ''Darjah Kebesaran Sultan Ahmad Shah Pahang Yang Amat Di Mulia'') is a knighthood order of the Sultanate of Pahang. History The order was founded by Sultan Ahmad Shah on 24 O ...
(DSAP) – Dato' (1990)


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khalid Ibrahim 1946 births 2022 deaths Chief ministers of Selangor Malaysian politicians of Malay descent Malaysian businesspeople Malaysian Muslims Independent politicians in Malaysia Former People's Justice Party (Malaysia) politicians Former United Malays National Organisation politicians Members of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly Selangor state executive councillors University of Malaya alumni University of Queensland alumni Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor Knights Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor Malaysian MPs 2008–2013 Malaysian MPs 2013–2018