Abdul Haqq Al Hashemi (1884–1972) was an Islamic scholar, orator and author in the
Indian Subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...
in the 20th Century. Al-Hashemi was a ''
Muhaddith
A muhaddith () is a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths, which are the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The role of a muhaddith is central to the science of hadith (ʻilm a ...
'', a scholar of ''
Hadith
Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ...
'' who was influential in
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...
and the Indian Subcontinent, in particular the southern region of
Punjab
Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
, his region of birth. He was a teacher of many modern-day scholars.
Early life and background
Sheikh Abdul Haqq bin Abdul Wahid Al-Hashemi was born in 1884 to Sheikh Abdul Wahid in his ancestral family estate ''Kotla Sheikhan'' in
Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur (Urdu: ; ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 13th largest city of Pakistan and List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population, 8th most populous city of Punjab. Bahawalpur is the capital of Bahawalpur Division.
Founded in ...
, in
Southern Punjab, present-day
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
into a well-known ''
Sheikh
Sheikh ( , , , , ''shuyūkh'' ) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder (administrative title), elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim ulama, scholar. Though this title generally refers to me ...
'' family that descended from the 2nd ''Caliph'' of the Muslims,
Umar bin Al-Khattab.
His ''
nisba'' Al-Hashemi is not a reference to descent from
Hashem bin Abd Manaf, ancestor of the Islamic prophet
Muhammad
Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...
but instead is a reference to Abdul Haqq's great-grandfather Sheikh Hashem. Abdul Haqq was a 42nd Generation descendant of Umar bin Al-Khattab, his lineage from him is Abdul Haqq bin Abdul Wahid bin Muhammad bin Hashem bin Ramadan bin Bilal bin Hibatullah bin Ali bin Ismail bin Jalal bin al-Shams bin al-Amir bin Ja’far bin Abdur Rahman bin Jalal bin Muhammad Kabir bin al-Amir bin Wasil bin Abul Abbas bin Hashem bin Muhammad al-Kabir bin Abdur Rahman bin Jalal bin Mahmud bin Umar bin Jalal bin al-Amir bin Muhammad bin al-Amir bin Najib bin Umar bin Nasir bin Muhammad bin Abid bin Abi Bakr bin Najib bin Zayd bin Abid bin Abi Muslim bin Abdullah bin Abbas bin Muhammad bin Zayd bin Abdullah bin Umar bin al-Khattab.
His ancestors' arrival in the Indian subcontinent coincided with
Muhammad bin Al-Qasim’s
conquest of Sindh.
Abdul Haqq was the only child and son of his parents that had survived past infancy. His father Abdul Wahid was a local Islamic leader in his area who had desired to dedicate his only surviving child Abdul Haqq to Islamic scholarship and missionary works.
Education
The education of Abdul Haqq Al-Hashemi began with his father Sheikh Abdul Wahid who himself was a local Muslim scholarly figure, it was by his supervision that Al-Hashemi completed his ''
Hifz
In Islam, a Hafiz (; , pl. ''ḥuffāẓ'' , f. ''ḥāfiẓa'' ) is a person who has memorized the Quran. Hafiza is the female equivalent.
A hafiz is highly respected by the community. A hafiz or hafiza are given titles such as "Hafiz Sahb" ...
'', memorisation of the
Qur’an
The Quran, also Romanization, romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a Waḥy, revelation directly from God in Islam, God (''Allah, Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which ...
. He was also taught the
Persian language
Persian ( ), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision ...
, the traditional court language of the Muslim-ruled
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...
by his father, along with learning the grammar and syntax of
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...
with him. After completing his education with his father, his father had ordered him to seek knowledge from other places.
Al-Hashemi at the request of his father had travelled to centres of Islamic learning in major cities such as
Multan
Multan is the List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population, fifth-most populous city in the Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab province of Pakistan. Located along the eastern bank of the Chenab River, it is the List of cities in Pakistan by populatio ...
,
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...
,
Batala
Batala is the eighth largest city in the state of Punjab, India in terms of population after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala, Bathinda, Mohali and Hoshiarpur. Batala ranks as the second-oldest city after Bathinda. It is a municipal cor ...
and other smaller towns and villages where he had studied under prominent scholars of the Indian Subcontinent of his time. He states in his autobiography that he had studied under around sixty scholars, Arabic rhetoric and poetry, principles of Islamic jurisprudence, interpretation of the Holy ''Qur’an'' and other ''Shariah'' disciplines such as the science of ''Hadith'', etc.
Among his teachers was Isa bin Ahmed Rai’i with whom he studied the grammar of the Arabic language along with the six canonical books of ''Hadith'' such as ''
Sahih Bukhari
() is the first hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. Compiled by Islamic scholar al-Bukhari () in the format, the work is valued by Sunni Muslims, alongside , as the most authentic after the Qur'an.
Al-Bukhari organized the bo ...
,
Sahih Muslim
() is the second hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. Compiled by Islamic scholar Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj () in the format, the work is valued by Sunnis, alongside , as the most important source for Islamic religion after the Q ...
,
Sahih Tirmidhi'', etc. He also studied ''Mishkat'', some parts of ''Tafsir At-Tabari'', Imam Bayhaqi books ''al-Asma wa's-Sifa''. Rai’i himself was a student of
Mahmudul Hasan Deobandi. He also studied with Muhammad bin Abdullah Riyasati from whom he received a ''Ijazah al-Riwayah'', Riyasati was a student of
Sayyid Nazir Hussain. Another scholar he studied with was Imamuddin bin Muhammad Qanbari who he studied hadith with. Another scholar who he studied under was Muhammad bin Abu Muhammad Ghayti, he had studied the Muwatta of Imam Malik with him. He had also studied under many other scholars as part of his seeking of Islamic knowledge. He on the course of his study had studied several books in regard to ''Ahadith'' such as ''
al-Muwatta
''Al-Muwaṭṭaʾ'' (, 'the approved') or ''Muwatta Imam Malik'' () of Malik ibn Anas, Imam Malik (711–795) written in the 8th-century, is one of the earliest collections of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Sharia, Islamic law, compile ...
, Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Jam’e al-Tirmidhi,
Sunan Abu Dawud
''Sunan Abi Dawud'' () is the third hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. It was compiled by scholar Abu Dawud al-Sijistani ().
Introduction
Abu Dawood compiled twenty-one books related to Hadith and preferred those (plural of " ...
,
Sunan al-Nasa’i,
Sunan Ibn Majah, Musnad Tayalisi,
Musnad al-Darimi,
Musnad Ahmad, Masanid Ibn Hanifah Mu’ajam al-Tabarani al-Saghir, Sahih Ibn Hibban, Musnad Abu Ya'la, Musnad al-Bazzar, Musnad al-Firdaws, Taysir al-Wusul of Ibn al-Dabi’a, Jam’e al-Usul of Ibn Athir, Majma’a al-Zawa’id of al-Haithami, Kunz al-A’mal of Muttaqi and al-Minhaj of Muttaqi.'' He studied the following with regards to the science of Hadith, ''al-Nukhbah of
Ibn Hajr'' and its ''Sharh, al-Fiyyah of Iraqi'' and its ''Sharh'' by the author and ''
al-Sakhawi
Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sakhāwī (, 1428/831 AH – 1497/902 AH) was a reputable Shafi‘i Muslim hadith scholar and historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an ...
.'' When it came to matters in ''
Fiqh
''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.[Fiqh](_blank)
Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is of ...
'', he had studied books such as ''Risalah Imam al-Shafi’i and his al-Umm, Ibn Qudamah, Usul of Ibn al-Hajib, Usul of Qadi Baydawi, Mudawwanah al-Kubra of Sakhnun, al-Mughni of Ibn Qudamah, Sharh al-Muhazzab of
Nawawi The Arabic attributive title Nawawi (), denoting an origin from Nawa, Syria, may refer to:
* Al-Nawawi (1233–1277), Sunni Muslim author on Fiqh and hadith
* Aznil Nawawi (born 1962), Malaysian actor
* Mirnawan Nawawi (born 1971), Malaysian fie ...
.'' He gained knowledge in Aqidah from studying books such as ''Sharh al-Aqaid al-Nasafiyyah, Aqidah Tahawiyyah and its Sharh, al-Asma wal-Sifat of Baihaqi,'' along with looking at works of Ibn Taymiyyah. He also studied Islamic history, ''
Tarikh
Tarikh () is an Arabic word meaning "date, chronology, era", whence by extension "annals, history, historiography". It is also used in Persian, Urdu, Bengali and the Turkic languages. It is found in the title of many historical works. Prior to t ...
'' with his ''Shuyukh'', he looked through books such as ''Tabaqat Ibn Sa’d, al-Isabah of Ibn Hajr, Usad al-Ghabah of Ibn al-Athir, al-Tajrid of Dhahabi.''
Al-Hashemi was also a scholar of the
''Hanafi'' school of Jurisprudence.
Career and life
Al-Hashemi was appointed as ''
Qadi
A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.
History
The term '' was in use from ...
'' and ''
Imam
Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...
'' of the ''Al-Abbassi Masjid'' in his home region
Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur (Urdu: ; ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 13th largest city of Pakistan and List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population, 8th most populous city of Punjab. Bahawalpur is the capital of Bahawalpur Division.
Founded in ...
in
Southern Punjab.
Al-Hashemi had taught Islamic sciences for about 70 years, about 45 years in the
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...
and 25 years in
Makkah
Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above sea level. Its metropo ...
in
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...
following a royal decree from the King of Saudi Arabia of the time,
Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Abdur Rahman Al-Saud. During his time in the Indian Subcontinent as a scholar , after he was authorised to become a teacher of Islamic sciences by his teachers, he held his first learning circle in the city of
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad ( ), also spelled Amdavad (), is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 ...
, also known as ''New Baghdad''.
Al-Hashemi had arrived in the city of Mecca to perform the ''
Hajj
Hajj (; ; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for capable Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetim ...
'', during this he had discussions with other scholarly figures. After seeing his level of knowledge on Islamic sciences and the ''Musnad'', they sought to have him as a teacher in Makkah. The scholars of Mecca thus sought a royal decree from Abdul Aziz Al-Saud and the then chief-justice Sheikh Abdullah bin Hassan Al-Ash-Sheikh appointing him as a teacher in the
Grand Mosque of Makkah in the year of 1948. Al-Hashemi then had his son Sheikh Abu Turab ship his library of his works to Makkah, Abdul Haqq Al-Hashemi remained a teacher there until his death in 1972.
One of his most prominent students was
Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Baz.
Works
Sheikh Abdul Haqq Al-Hashemi had authored numerous works, numbering around eighty, some of these are listed below;
* ''Tafsir al-Quran bil-Quran Wal-Sunnah – 9 volumes''
* ''Sharh al-Bukhari''
* ''Sharh Muslim''
* ''Sharh Muwatta''
* ''Nusrah al-Bari Fi Sharh Tarajim al-Bukhari – 4 Volumes''
* ''Mashariq al-Anwar Fi Sharh Ma Fi al-Muwatta wal-Sahihayn Min al-Akhbar – 14 volumes.''
* ''Kashf al-Mughta An Rijal al-Sahihayn wal-Muwatta''
* ''Miftah al-Muwatta wal-Sahihayn – 7 Volumes''
* ''Kitab al-Lubab Fi Sharh al-Tarajim wal-Abwab – 7 Volumes''
* ''Atraf al-Musnad – 2 Volumes''
* ''Sharh Musnad Imam Ahmad''
* ''Fihrisah Musnad al-Imam Ahmad''
* ''Tarajim Rijal al-Musnad Imam Ahmad – 4 Volumes''
* ''Sharh Muqaddimah Sahih Muslim – 1 Volume''
* ''Tarajim Rijal al-Sahihayn – 1 Volume''
* ''Thabt al-Marwayat – 1 Volume''
* ''Kitab al-Nahw – 1 Volume''
* ''Raf’a al-Lawmah An Wadeh al-Yadain Fil Qaumah''
* ''Kitab al-Arba’in Ala Sayyid al-Kawnayn''
* ''Kitab al-Tamin Bil-Jahr''
* ''Kitab Raf al-Yadain Fis Salah – 1 Volume''
* ''Kitab Qirah Khalf al-Imam – 1 Volume''
* ''Kitab al-Khilafah al-Rashidah – 1 Volume''
* ''Kitab al-Jihad – 1 Volume''
* ''Kitab Ahwal al-Hashr – 1 Volume''
* ''Kitab Kashf al-Iqnah Fi Du’a Badal Salah Bi-Halah al-Ijtimah''
* ''Fath al-Wudud Fi Raf al-Yadain Ind al-Sujud''
* ''Musannaf Sahihayn – 9 Volumes''
* ''Musnad Sahihayn''
* ''Kitab Jam’a Bayna Manzumah al-Amir al-Yamani, wal-Fiyyah al-Iraqi wal-Suyuti''
* ''Sharh Manzumah al-Amir al-Yamani''
* ''Sharh al-Fiyyah al-Suyuti''
* ''Kitab al-Maghazi''
* ''Kitab al-Siyar – 1 Volume''
* ''Muqaddimah Sharh al-Musnad al-Imam Ahmad – 1 Volume''
* ''Qabaih al-Yahud''
* ''Dalail al-Risalah al-Muhamadiyyah''
* ''Kitab al-Takhrij Ahadith al-Musnad''
* ''Al-Jam’a Bayna al-Sihah Sittah (incomplete)''
* ''Khayr al-Khbar Fi Sharh Himal al-Athar incomplete''
* ''al-Badur al-A’rijah Bayna al-Fusha wal-Dirajah''
* ''Kitab al-Fawaid wal-Ta’qabat''
* ''Kahsf al-Ghamzah An Mutraddad Fi Miqat al-Makki Lil-Umrah''
* ''Iqamah al-Hujjah Binna Matamta Alayhi al-Sa’yan Sai al-Umrahwa Sai al-Hujjah''
* ''Nasb al-Umud Fi Tahqiq masalah tajafi al-mirah fil ruku wal sujud''
* ''Al-Muwazanah bayna musnadi al-imamayn ahmad bin hanbal wa baqi bin makhlad''
* ''Masalah al-zakah fima zad alal nasb''
* ''Ijazah al-riwayah''
* ''Ithbat Inn al-hajr wal-maqam minal jannah''
* ''Tahqiq hadith salah musa alayhis salam fi qabrihi''
* ''Al-Rubaayat al-mansubah ilal Bukhari''
* ''Azan al-tarjih Sunnah matrukah''
* ''Qadm ashbab al-hadith''
* ''Tahqiq masalah haram al-madinah''
* ''Masalah azan al-jawq''
* ''Manaqashah amali Mahmud al-hasan hawl sahih al-bukhari''
* ''Ithbat tazawuj umm kulthum min umar bin al-khattab''
* ''al-Radd Ibn al-Turkamani''
* ''Nazam Rijal al-Sahihayn''
* ''Aqidah Firqatun Najiyyah''
Death and legacy
Al-Hashemi died while he was still a teacher at Darul Hadith school in Makkah in 1972.
He had six sons and three daughters, who all became figures of knowledge. His eldest son was the acclaimed scholar of Hadith, Abdur Razzaq Al-Hashemi. His second son was the scholar, Abu Turab Al-Hashemi, his third son was Abdul Wakeel Al-Hashemi, his fourth son was Abdul Wali Al-Hashemi, his fifth son was Abdul Jalil Al-Hashemi and his sixth son was Muhammad Hashem Al-Hashemi.
He had many students that became prominent in the world of Islamic knowledge, some of these are;
* Sultan Mahmud Jalalpuri
* Badi al-Din Sindhi
* Muhibullah Shah a-Rashidi
* Abdus Samad Sharf al-Din Dehlawi
* Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Sumali
* Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al-ash-
* Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Humaid
*
Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdullah ibn Baz
* Suleiman al-Sani’a
* Hamad al-Ansari
* Isma’il al-Ansari
* Umar bin Muhammad Fullatah
* Abdullah Laknawi
* Abd al-Rahman Mazhar
* Muhammad bin Abd Allah Ad Shanqiti al-Madani
* Naji bin Muhammad Sayf al-Makhlafi
* Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hashimi
* Abd Allah bin Abd al-Aziz bin Aqil
* Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Subayyal
* Yahya bin Uthman al-Mudarris al-Azimabadi
* Thanullah Madani
* Abd al-Aziz bin Abdullah bin Sa’id al-Zahrani
* Suleiman bin Salim bin Abd Allah al-Luhaibi al-Harbi
* Abu Abdur Rahman bin Aqil al-Zahiri
* Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Timbuktui
* Muhammad bin Abdul Sattar Dehlawi
* Abd Allah bin Bukhit
* Uthman Kiyta al-Madani
* Ahmad bin Ali al-Huraibi
* Abdullah bin Ahmad al-Hakami
* Ahmad al-Husami
* Salim bin Ahmad bin A’fif
References
{{reflist
Punjabi people
People from Bahawalpur
Islamic scholars
People from Bahawalpur District
1884 births
1972 deaths
Hadith compilers
Hadith scholars
Hanafis
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Atharis
Sharia judges
Salafis
Saudi Arabian Salafis
Indian Salafis
Salafi Islamists
Banu Adi