The AR engine family is an

Inline-4 A straight-four engine (also referred to as an inline-four engine) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout ( ...

piston engine series by

Toyota is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manuf ...

, first introduced in 2008 for the RAV4, and subsequently for the Highlander, Venza,

Camry The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ ''Toyota Kamuri'') is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Cam ...

and

Scion tC The Scion tC is a compact car manufactured by Toyota under its Scion brand from 2004 to 2016 over two generations: ANT10 (2004–2010) and AGT20 (2011–2016). Both generations were built in Japan. The tC was introduced first in the United State ...

. The AR series uses a die-cast

aluminium Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol Al and atomic number 13. It has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. Aluminium has ...

engine block and aluminium

DOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine in which the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combus ...

cylinder head. The engine series shares many of the technologies in the AZ engine, while incorporating features such as

variable valve timing Variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a Poppet valve, valve lift event in an internal combustion engine, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combina ...

on both intake and exhaust camshafts or dual VVT-i, low friction technologies including an offset crankshaft, roller rockers for the valvetrain, a three-stage variable oil pump, reduced-tension piston rings and auxiliary belt drive. An Acoustic Control Induction System switches the length of the intake tract in two stages, based on rpm and throttle angle, thereby ensuring strong torque across a broad engine speed range. New tumble control valves enhances combustion while the engine is cold, and helps to bring the catalytic converters up to working temperature quickly. The Tumble control valves, along with new 12-hole high atomizing long-nozzle fuel injectors, reduce the amount of fuel adhering to the intake ports and therefore maximize fuel economy and reduce harmful emissions. The cylinder block is an open-deck, midi-skirt type with cast-in iron liners and a die-cast aluminium lower crankcase and a stamped oil pan. The forged steel crankshaft is fully balanced with eight counterweights and supported by five main bearings. A helical gear pressed in No. 3 counterweight drives twin contra-rotating

balance shaft Balance shafts are used in piston engines to reduce vibration by cancelling out unbalanced dynamic forces. The counter balance shafts have eccentric weights and rotate in the opposite direction to each other, which generates a net vertical force ...

s in the shaft housing within the lower

crankcase A crankcase is the housing in a reciprocating engine, piston engine that surrounds the crankshaft. In most modern engines, the crankcase is integrated into the engine block. Two-stroke engines typically use a crankcase-compression design, res ...

. The AR engine replaces the AZ engine. __TOC__

1AR-FE

A 2.7 L version of the AR family, first released in the Venza and Highlander in late 2008. The 1AR-FE most likely ended production in 2020. No official statements were made by Toyota about the engine's status, however, no new cars used this engine after 2020. It was replaced by the A25A-FKS engine. Applications: *

Toyota Venza The Toyota Venza is a five-passenger mid-size crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Toyota primarily for the North American market, beginning with its introduction in 2008 and now in its second generation — with a hiatus for model y ...

AGV10/15, at 5800 rpm, at 4200 rpm *

Toyota Highlander The Toyota Highlander, also known as the , is a mid-size crossover SUV with three-row seating produced by Toyota since 2000. Announced in April 2000 at the New York International Auto Show and arriving in late 2000 in Japan and January 2001 ...

ASU40, at 5800 rpm, at 4100 rpm *

ASU50 *

Toyota Sienna The Toyota Sienna is a minivan manufactured and marketed by Toyota primarily for the North American market. It is named for the Italian city of Siena, in the region of Tuscany. It replaced the first generation Toyota Previa, Previa van in 1997 ...

ASU40, at 5800 rpm, at 4100 rpm *

Lexus RX The is a Luxury car, luxury crossover SUV sold since 1998 by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota. Originally released in its home market of Japan in late 1997 as the Toyota Harrier, export sales began in March 1998 as the Lexus RX. Considered ...

AGL10, at 5800 rpm, at 4200 rpm

2AR-FE

A 2.5 L version of the AR family, first released in the RAV4 in the U.S. and Canada in 2008. This engine also replaced the 2AZ-FE in the U.S. and Canada Camry in early 2009, giving 11% better fuel economy. The engine service mass is 324 lb (147 kg) that includes the oil and coolant fully filled. The engine is used in vehicles sold in Japan, U.S., Australia, New Zealand, China, Taiwan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand Indonesia, and Middle East. Applications: *

Toyota RAV4 The is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. It is known for starting the wave of compact crossovers. The RAV4 is one of the best-selling SUVs of all time. By February 2020, a total of 10 million RAV4 ...

(ASA33/38), at 6000 rpm, at 4000 rpm. *

(ASA40/44), at 6000 rpm, at 4000 rpm. *

Toyota Camry The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ ''Toyota Kamuri'') is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Cam ...

ASV40 (Base & LE), at 6000 rpm, at 4100 rpm *

ASV40 (SE and worldwide) at 6000 rpm, at 4100 rpm. *

ASV50, at 6000 rpm, at 4100 rpm * Include the Flexifuel Version (2AR-FBE) *

(AGT20), , *

Toyota Alphard The is a minivan produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota since 2002. It is available as a seven or eight-seater with petrol and hybrid engine options. Hybrid variants have been available since 2003, which incorporates Toyota's Hybrid Syne ...

/ Vellfire AH30, at 6000 rpm, at 4100 rpm *

/ Vellfire (AGH40/45), at 6000 rpm, at 4100 rpm * Lexus ES 250 (ASV60)

2AR-FXE

The 2AR-FXE is an

Atkinson cycle The Atkinson-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson (inventor), James Atkinson in 1882. The Atkinson cycle is designed to provide Energy conversion efficiency, efficiency at the expense of power density. ...

variant of the 2AR-FE. It has the same bore and stroke, but the cams and pistons are unique. Only the intake valves are variable with VVT-i. Geometrical compression ratio is 12.5:1 The large valve overlap leads to a reduction in cylinder charge and reduced torque and power output, but efficiency is increased. This combination makes the 2AR-FXE suitable for use in

hybrid vehicle A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids. Hybrid powertrai ...

s, where peak torque and power demands can be met by the

electric motor An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a electromagnetic coil, wire winding to gene ...

and battery. Maximum output of the engine when used in the Camry hybrid is 154 hp with 153 lb·ft of torque. Applications: *

Toyota Camry Hybrid The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ ''Toyota Kamuri'') is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Cam ...

(AVV50) * Toyota Avalon Hybrid (XX40) *

Toyota Harrier The is a five-passenger compact, later mid-size crossover SUV produced by Toyota since December 1997 in Japan, which was once exclusive to '' Toyopet Store'' Japanese dealerships. In export markets, the Harrier was rebadged as the Lexus RX ...

Hybrid (XU60) *

Lexus NX The is a compact luxury crossover SUV sold by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota. Introduced in late 2014, it is positioned between the subcompact UX and the mid-size RX in Lexus’ crossover SUV lineup. According to Lexus, the name "NX" ...

300h (AZ10) * Toyota Alphard/Vellfire Hybrid/Crown Vellfire (AH30) *

Lexus ES The Lexus ES is a series of mid-size executive cars marketed since 1989 by Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota, across multiple generations, each offering V6 engines and a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout. The first five generations of ...

300h (XV60) *

Hybrid (XA40) * Lexus LM 300h (AH30)

2AR-FSE

The 2AR-FSE is a variant of the 2AR-FE equipped with D4-S direct-injection and port injection. It has the same bore and stroke as other 2AR engines but the cylinder head, cams, pistons and fuel management system are unique. Maximum

thermal efficiency In thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency (\eta_) is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as an internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, ACs etc. For ...

is about 38.5%. The expansion ratio is 13.0 to 1. Output in the Toyota Crown hybrid combined is at 6000 rpm and at 4200–5400 rpm. Applications: * Lexus GS 300h * Lexus IS 300h * Lexus RC 300h * Toyota Crown (S210)

5AR-FE

A 2.5 L version of the AR family, first released in the RAV4 in China in 2013. Applications: *

6AR-FSE

The 6AR-FSE is a 4-cylinder, 1998 cc, twincam, petrol engine equipped with D4-S

direct fuel injection Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of a fuel injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All co ...

and

VVT-iW VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing petrol engine technology manufactured by Toyota Group and used by brands Groupe PSA (Peugeot and Citroen), Toyota, Lexus, Scion, Daihatsu, Subaru, Asto ...

. It can work in the

Otto cycle An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It is the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in automobile engines. The Otto cycle is a description of what happ ...

and a modified-Atkinson cycle depending on output power. It was first introduced in the Camry in December 2014 for the Chinese market and March 2015 for the Thai market. The output of 6AR-FSE is at 6500

RPM Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines. One revolution per minute is equivalent to hertz. Standards ISO 80000-3:2019 def ...

and at 4600 RPM. The stroke and bore are . Applications: *

2.0 (XV50, Russia, China, Thailand) *

2.0 (XV70, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Kazakhstan models, and China only in 2017-2018) * Lexus ES 200 (XV60)

6AR-FBS

The 6AR-FBS is a 4-cylinder, 1998 cc, twincam, petrol engine equipped with D4-S

and

. It can work in the Otto cycle and a modified-Atkinson cycle depending on output power. It was first introduced in the Camry in October 2018 for the Thai market. The output is at 6500 RPM and at 4600 RPM. Applications: *

2.0 (XV70, Russia, Thailand, Singapore, China)

8AR-FTS

A 2.0 L

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the ...

direct-injected member of the AR family, fitted with

it is able to operate in both the

Otto Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants '' Audo'', '' Odo'', '' Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded fr ...

and a modified-

. Debuted in the Lexus NX200t. Power output in the 2015 NX200t is at 4,800 - 5,600 rpm and at 1,650 - 4000 rpm. The 8AR-FTS engine has Lexus’ ESTEC D-4ST (Economy with Superior Thermal Efficient Combustion Direct injection 4-stroke with Turbo) fuel injection. With separate twin injectors for both direct and port injection, ESTEC D-4ST could perform high-pressure direct injection into the cylinder and conventional intake port injection, or direct cylinder injection only, according to engine speed. Power output in some applications, e.g. Lexus IS 200t XE30, Lexus GS 200t and Lexus RC 200t is bumped up by up to in the same rev range but torque remains the same. Applications: * Lexus NX 200t (renamed NX 300) AGZ10/15 * Lexus IS 200t (renamed IS 300) ASE30 * Lexus GS 200t (renamed GS 300) ARL10 * Lexus RX 200t (renamed RX 300) AGL20/25 *

Toyota Crown The is an automobile which has been produced by Toyota in Japan since 1955. It is primarily a line of mid-size luxury cars that is marketed as an upmarket offering in the Toyota lineup. In North America, the first through fourth generation ...

ARS210/ARS220 * Lexus RC 200t (renamed RC 300) ASC10 *

(XU50, China) *

Turbo (XU60, Japan, 2017–2020) ASU60

Production

In Japan built by

Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manuf ...

in Kamigo Plant and by

Toyota Industries Corporation is a Japanese machine maker. Originally, and still actively (), a manufacturer of automatic looms, it is the company from which Toyota Motor Corporation developed. It is the world's largest manufacturer of forklift trucks measured by revenues. ...

. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama, Inc. (TMMAL) started building the AR 2.5L and 2.7L engines beginning in mid-2011. GAC Toyota Engine Co., Ltd Guangqi, China, announced start of AR 2.5L and 2.7L engine production November 2011

Toyota Australia Toyota Australia is an Australian subsidiary of the Japanese car manufacturer Toyota. It markets Toyota products and manages motorsport, advertising and business operations for Toyota in Australia. It is also responsible for Lexus vehicles in A ...

officially opened its new engine plant producing both petrol and hybrid engine variants in Melbourne.

References

{{reflist AR Straight-four engines Gasoline engines by model