482d Attack Squadron

The 482nd Attack Squadron is a United States Air Force unit, stationed at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, where it is an operational squadron of the 25th Attack Group, operating the General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper unmanned aerial vehicle.

The first predecessor of the squadron was organized in 1917 as the 70th Aero Squadron. After being redesignated as the 482nd Aero Squadron, it deployed to France as a construction unit, returning to the United States in 1919, where it was demobilized.

The second predecessor of the squadron was the 482nd Bombardment Squadron, which was constituted in the Organized Reserve in 1924. The two units were consolidated in 1936 and, along with other reserve units, disbanded in May 1942, shortly after the United States entered World War II.

In 1944, the 482nd Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy was activated and assigned to the 505th Bombardment Group. Shortly after it was activated, the two 482nd Bombardment Squadrons were consolidated. After training in the United States, it served in the strategic bombing campaign against Japan with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations. Following V-J Day, it was inactivated at Clark Field, Philippines in June 1946. It was redesignated as an attack unit and activated in October 2018.

Mission

The squadron mission is to train General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper crews outside of combat missions. It also operates Reapers in the United States Central Command and United States European Command areas of responsibility.

History

World War I

The first predecessor of the squadron was established at Kelly Field, Texas in August 1917 as the 70th Aero Squadron. While at Camp Morrison, Virginia, the squadron was renumbered along with other aero squadrons that were construction units as the 482nd Aero Squadron. The squadron was a civil engineering organization at the Western Front constructing airfields and related facilities in the Zone of Advance from its arrival in France in March 1918 until the Armistice on 11 November. It remained in France until early 1919 when it returned to the United States and was demobilized at Garden City, New York.

Organized reserves

The 482nd Bombardment Squadron was organized at Baltimore, Maryland as a reserve unit in March 1925. It was inactivated in July 1929. The unit was consolidated with the 482nd Aero Squadron in 1936, but remained in inactive status until the end of May 1942, when it was disbanded along with all other Organized Reserve units.

World War II

Organization and training

The second 482nd Bombardment Squadron was activated at Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas in March 1944 as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment squadron, drawing its initial cadre from the 9th Bombardment Group. It moved to Harvard Army Air Field, Nebraska the following day, where the squadron began training with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses on 1 July until B-29s became available. The following month, it was consolidated with the reserve 482nd Bombardment Squadron that had been disbanded in 1942. The squadron trained for combat with B-29s until leaving Harvard for the Pacific on 6 November 1944.Maurer, ''Combat Units'', pp. 368-69

The squadron's ground echelon sailed from the Seattle Port of Embarkation for the Pacific on 14 November. The air echelon staged through Hamilton Field and Mather Field, California with its B-29s.

Combat Operations

The squadron arrived at its combat station, North Field (Tinian) in the Mariana Islands on 24 December 1944. Three days later, it began flying training missions, including an attack on Moen Airfield in January. It flew its first combat mission on 24 January 1945 against targets on Iwo Jima and the Truk Islands. It began operations flying high altitude daylight missions, engaging in the strategic bombing campaign against Japan. On 10 February, it flew a strike on the Nakajima Aircraft Company factory at Ota, for which it was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC). The 505th Group lost eight B-29s on the mission, but most were lost due to operational problems, rather than enemy action. However, The results of high altitude B-29 raids on Japan were disappointing. From 19 January, no mission had been able to bomb visually, and radar bombing results were generally unsatisfactory. Low altitude night area attacks with incendiaries promised better results, for XXI Bomber Command. The switch in tactics began with the launch of a raid against Tokyo on 9 March 1945.

The squadron conducted area raids with incendiaries until August 1945. During April 1945, the squadron was diverted from the strategic campaign against Japan to support Operation Iceberg, the invasion of Okinawa. It struck Miyazaki Airfield and Kanoya Airfield, bases from which kamikaze attacks were being launched. These bases were located on Kyushu, only 300 miles from Okinawa. The attacks directly impacted kamikaze launches, but also forced the Japanese military to retain fighter aircraft to defend the Japanese Special Attack Units that otherwise might have been used to challenge air superiority over Okinawa.

The squadron also conducted aerial mining operations against Japanese shipping. The 505th was the only group in XXI Bomber Command to carry out these missions, which began on 27 March. On 17 June, the squadron concentrated its efforts on the mining campaign. It received a second DUC for mining the Shimonoseki Strait and harbors in the Inland Sea between 17 June and 1 July 1945. The squadron flew its last mission on the night of 14 and 15 August 1945. Following V-J Day its B-29s carried relief supplies to Allied prisoner of war camps. It also flew show of force flights and conducted bomb damage assessment flights over Japan. It moved to Clark Field in the Philippines in March 1946, and was inactivated there on 15 June 1946.

Unmanned vehicle operations

The squadron was redesignated the 482nd Attack Squadron and activated at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, where it is equipped with the General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper and is one of two operational squadrons of the 25th Attack Group. Through 2021, the 25th Group focused on anti-terrorism operations in the United States Central Command area of responsibility. In February 2021, it participated in an exercise with the Romanian Air Force as it began to build up its capability to operate in the United States European Command area as well.

Lineage

; 482nd Aero Squadron
* Organized as the 70th Aero Squadron on 13 August 1917
: Redesignated 482nd Aero Squadron (Construction) on 1 February 1918
: Demobilized on 8 February 1919
: Reconstituted and consolidated with the 482nd Bombardment Squadron on 2 December 1936Clay, p.1520

; 482nd Bombardment Squadron
* Constituted as the 482nd Bombardment Squadron on 31 March 1924 and allotted to the Organized Reserve
: Activated in March 1925
: Inactivated 23 July 1929
: Consolidated with the 482nd Aero Squadron on 2 December 1936
: Disbanded on 31 May 1942
* Reconstituted and consolidated with the 482nd Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 21 April 1944

; 482nd Attack Squadron
* Constituted as the 482nd Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 28 February 1944
: Activated on 11 March 1944
* Consolidated with the 482nd Bombardment Squadron on 21 April 1944
: Inactivated on 30 Jun 1946
* Redesignated 482nd Attack Squadron on 13 February 2018
: Activated on 2 October 2018

Assignments

* Unknown, 15 August 1917 – March 1918
* Advance Section, Service of Supply, March 1918 – December 1918
* Unknown, December 1918 – 8 February 1919
* Allotted to Third Corps Area, 31 March 1924 – 31 May 1942
* 347th Bombardment Group, March 1925 – 23 July 1929
* 505th Bombardment Group, 11 March 1944 – 30 June 1946
* 25th Attack Group, 2 October 2018 – present

Stations

* Kelly Field, Texas, 13 August 1917
* Camp Morrison, Virginia, 21 December 1917 - 4 March 1918
* Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, France, 27 March 1918
* Autreville Aerodrome, France, 28 March 1918
* Trampot, France, c. 9 July 1918
* Longeaux Aerodrome (Haute-Marne), France, 22 September 1918
* Trampot, France, c. 24 October 1918
* Braux, France, c. 22 November 1918
* Pont Rousseau, France, 25 December 1918 – unknown
* Garden City, New York, c. 8 – 18 March 1919
* Baltimore, Maryland, c. March 1925 – 23 July 1929
* Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas, 11 March 1944
* Harvard Army Air Field, Nebraska, 12 March – 6 November 1944
* North Field, Tinian, 24 December 1944 – 5 March 1946
* Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 14 March – 30 June 1946
* Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, 2 October 2018 – present

Aircraft

* Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1944
* Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1944–1946Aircraft through 1946 in Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'' pp. 579-80
* General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, 2018

Awards and campaigns

See also

* List of American Aero Squadrons
* B-17 Flying Fortress units of the United States Army Air Forces
* List of B-29 Superfortress operators

References

Notes

; Explanatory notes

; Citations

Bibliography

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External links

{{USAAF 2d Air Force World War II

Attack squadrons of the United States Air Force
Military units and formations in South Carolina